Examination and parameterization of the root water uptake model from stem water potential and sap flow measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuting Yang  Huade Guan  John L. Hutson  Hailong Wang  Caecilia Ewenz  Songhao Shang  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2013,27(20):2857-2863

A simple field‐based method for directly parameterizing root water uptake models is proposed. Stem psychrometers and sap flow meters are used to measure stem water potential and plant transpiration rate continuously and simultaneously. Predawn stem water potential is selected as a surrogate for root zone soil water potential to examine and parameterize the root water uptake–water stress response functions. The method is applied to two drooping sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata) trees for a period of 80 days, covering both a dry season and a wet season. The results indicate that the S‐shape function is more appropriate than the Feddes piecewise linear function for drooping sheoak to represent the effect of soil moisture stress on its root water uptake performance. Besides, the water stress function is found to be not only a function of soil moisture but also dependent of the atmospheric demand. As a result, the water stress function is corrected for the effect of atmospheric conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

引入拖曳系数参数化的海冰自由漂流模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢鹏  李志军  韩红卫 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(1):53-59

Many interesting characteristics of sea ice drift depend on the atmospheric drag coefficient(C_a) and oceanic drag coefficient(C_w).Parameterizations of drag coefficients rather than constant values provide us a way to look insight into the dependence of these characteristics on sea ice conditions.In the present study,the parameterized ice drag coefficients are included into a free-drift sea ice dynamic model,and the wind factor α and the deflection angle θ between sea ice drift and wind velocity as well as the ratio of C_a to C_w are studied to investigate their dependence on the impact factors such as local drag coefficients,floe and ridge geometry.The results reveal that in an idealized steady ocean,C_a/C_w increases obviously with the increasing ice concentration for small ice floes in the marginal ice zone,while it remains at a steady level(0.2-0.25) for large floes in the central ice zone.The wind factor α increases rapidly at first and approaches a steady level of 0.018 when A is greater than 20%.And the deflection angle θ drops rapidly from an initial value of approximate 80° and decreases slowly as A is greater than20%without a steady level like α.The values of these parameters agree well with the previously reported observations in Arctic.The ridging intensity is an important parameter to determine the dominant contribution of the ratio of skin friction drag coefficient(C_s' /C_s) and the ratio of ridge form drag coefficient(C_r'/C_r) to the value of C_a/C_w,α,and θ,because of the dominance of ridge form drag for large ridging intensity and skin friction for small ridging intensity among the total drag forces.Parameterization of sea ice drag coefficients has the potential to be embedded into ice dynamic models to better account for the variability of sea ice in the transient Arctic Ocean.  相似文献   

GRACE-FO加速度计校正方法研究     

牛晗晗  王长青  钟敏  闫易浩  梁磊 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(10):998-1003

以2019-01 GRACE-FO实测数据为例,基于动力学方法,采用24 h弧长,通过设置不同的加速度计偏差参数校正策略,分析其对轨道拟合及时变重力场反演结果的影响。结果表明,轨道拟合结果与加速度计校正参数的个数有关,加速度计校正参数个数越多轨道拟合的效果越好,而对于三轴加速度计不同方向采用不同策略时,轨道拟合结果未表现出明显差异;基于本文加速度参数校正策略计算时变重力场时,计算结果表现出明显的差异,结果的好坏与加速度计校正参数有关,同时与不同方向的加速度计参数校正策略相关。综合分析对比发现,对三轴加速度计不同方向采用不同的校正策略会得到不同的结果,其差异主要体现在40阶以上部分,其中Y方向的参数较多时计算结果最优。  相似文献   

Evolution of oceanic circulation theory：From gyres to eddies*          下载免费PDF全文

HUANG Rui-xin 《热带海洋学报》2013,(2)

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On the parameterization of drag coefficient over sea surface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Juanjuan  SONG Jinbao  HUANG Yansong  FAN Conghui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(5):68-74

Six parameterization schemes of roughness or drag coefficient are evaluated on the basis of the data from six experiments. They present great consistency with measurement when friction velocity u*<0.5 m/s (approximately corresponding to 10 m wind speed U10 <12 m/s) and large deviation from measurement when u*≥0.5 m/s (approximately U10≥12 m/s). In order to improve the deviation, a new parameterization of drag coefficient is derived on the basis of the similarity theory, Charnock relationship and Toba 3/2 power law. Wave steepness and wind-sea Reynolds number are considered in the new parameterization. Then it is tested on the basis of the measurements and shows significant improvement when u*≥0.5 m/s. Its standard errors are much smaller than the ones of the other six parameterizations. However, the new parameterization still needs more tests especially for high winds.  相似文献   

边界层参数化对“雅安天漏” 降水数值模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡芗宁  周庆亮  钟青  寿绍文 《气象》2007,33(5):12-19

选取了2001年7月3个"雅安天漏"个例,采用非静力中尺度数值模式MM5V3进行模拟,着重研究了MRF边界层参数化方案对雨量中心强度和雨区分布的影响,结果发现MRF方案的总体预报效果较好,并能很好地刻画雅安暴雨时的纬向垂直环流结构;在复杂地形条件下,特别是降水有明显日变化的地区,边界层的作用非常重要.  相似文献   

不同物理过程参数化方案对贵州降水预报的敏感性试验   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

伍红雨  陈德辉  徐国强 《气象》2007,33(4):23-28

利用我国新一代数值预报模式GRAPES，采用6个不同的参数化方案组合：即选择Kessler、NCEP3_class simple ice和simple ice（developed by LiuQijun，CAMS）微物理过程参数化方案和Kain-Fritseh（new Eta）、Betts-Miller-Janjie积云参数化方案形成6个组合，对2004年贵州汛期的降水过程进行48小时的预报试验，对预报结果进行对比分析并与实况资料进行比较、检验。结果表明：GRAPES模式适合对贵州的降水预报；积云参数化方案对降水的影响比微物理过程参数化方案对降水的影响大。simpleice方案与Betts-Miller-Janjie方案组合对贵州降水的预报较好，这些结果对提高GRAPES模式对贵州降水的预报能力有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

海洋碳循环模式（I）——一个包括海洋动力学环流、化学过程和生物过程的二维碳模式的建立     

浦一芬  王明星 《气候与环境研究》2000,5(2):129-140

利用一个全球海洋动力学环流模式所模拟的海洋环流场,建立了一个全面的二维海洋碳循环模式。此模式摒弃了传统箱模式的缺陷,充分考虑了诸如大气与海洋间的碳交换、光合作用和氧化分解、碳酸钙的产生和溶解、悬浮颗粒物的下沉等过程,尤其是在模式中耦合进了以往甚少考虑的海洋生物过程对碳循环的影响,引入了详尽合理的参数化方案。通过模拟发现：在稳定状态下,大气和海洋中总碳含量分布依赖于发生在海洋中的各种物理化学过程及边界条件,水平扩散系数和光合作用常数率对各化学量的分布有很大影响。  相似文献   

青藏铁路沿线地表和路基表面热力学模式(Ⅲ):参数化方案   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

江灏  吴青柏  王可丽  张立杰  冯文 《冰川冻土》2005,27(5):680-685

以物理过程分析为基础,根据野外实测资料设计了青藏铁路沿线地表和路基表面热力学模式中的大气辐射参数化方案,对直接太阳辐射、大气散射辐射、大气向下长波辐射参数进行处理,得到了较好的结果.在无云大气条件下,对直接太阳辐射透过率和大气散射辐射以太阳天顶角进行参数化;对大气向下长波辐射以大气等效辐射率及气温进行参数化;在云天条件下,基于晴阴比的云量参数化和基于气候资料的云天系数参数化都各有较好的效果.对土壤热通量的参数化方法和拖曳系数的取值问题进行了讨论,更完善的方法还有待于与实验测量工作相结合.  相似文献   

次网格积雪参数化在祁连山区斑状积雪带模拟中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘伟  高艳红  柳媛普  程国栋 《冰川冻土》2007,29(1):91-99

运用中尺度大气模式MM5,积雪参数化分别采用简单的积雪参数化方案以及考虑次网格积雪分布和雪密度变化的复杂积雪参数化方案,对黑河流域上游祁连站附近气温和降水进行模拟,与祁连站的观测值对比,检验积雪参数化方案中次网格积雪分布和雪密度变化在该地区气温和降水模拟中的作用.结果表明:简单积雪方案对网格积雪的非0即1描述在斑状积雪带是不合理的,尤其在黑河流域海拔3 300 m以下积雪多为斑状或片状,网格内积雪非均匀性的处理是非常必要的;通过耦合简单和复杂积雪方案的大气模式对气温模拟和观测值比较发现,新方案模拟的气温比旧方案模拟值更接近观测值,在气温低于0℃时改进尤其明显,说明使用复杂积雪/融雪方案可改进斑状积雪带气温的模拟.耦合复杂积雪方案的大气模式模拟的降水与观测值绝对误差低于耦合简单积雪方案模拟结果,复杂积雪方案的模拟结果降水错报率为使用简单积雪方案结果的一半,证明了耦合复杂积雪方案可以提高大气模式对该地区春季降水模拟的准确性.与积雪面积变化相对应,耦合复杂积雪方案模拟出了融雪产流量,而使用简单积雪方案则没有模拟出来.综上所述,耦合考虑次网格积雪分布和雪密度变化的复杂积雪参数化方案比耦合“非0即1”积雪方案可以更准确地模拟祁连山区冬、春季气温和降水.  相似文献