地下水逸出气动态特征形成机制的实验研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张朝明  朱方保  余华扬  李敏莉  陶月潮  梁久亮 《地震》2000,20(1):96-102

通过研究管径和结构不同的井孔-含水气层物理模拟实验以及地下水、气补给量与逸出气动态的关系实验,得出地下水逸出气动态的最基本特征是突发、阵发,其形成机制在于逸出气运移、排放过程中存在积累-释放的往复过程。在地震等地质事件孕育、发生过程中,地壳应力、应变积累和释放可能引起的地下含水、气层的气体储存和迁移的场所空间及通道的变形、贯通或阻塞,地下水流速、流量的增减及气体发生、补给量等的变化,都能在逸出气动态中以爆发式地显示出来。由气体的性质致使逸出气在地震前兆观测中具有更灵敏、更显著的异常显示能力。  相似文献   

南北地震带地震活动强度变化特征及其神经网络模型     

李强 《地震》2001,21(3):39-45

南北地震带是中国大陆的一条主要活动地震带, 20世纪以来有很多大地震集中发生在这条地震带上。为了进一步探讨南北地震带地震活动强度变化的规律并对其进行中期预测,在研究了南北地震带逐年最大地震强度演化特征及其机理的基础上,建立了南北地震带地震强度序列变化的一种模式,建模中采用了人工神经网络技术,并提出了一种简易实用的能够获得较隹预测效果的确定神经网络输入窗口大小的方法。结果表明: 南北地震带的地震活动具有强弱分期轮回的特征; 用人工神经网络建模的预测结果与实际资料的对比检验中误差较小,因而该模型可作为南北地震带地震活动强度变化的预测模型。  相似文献   

渗流井滤膜的初步试验研究     

李晓  邓高 《地质灾害与环境保护》1997,8(3):54-58

滤膜在天然滤床渗流 滤净水中具有重要作用。通过模拟渗流井滤净水与传统滤池滤 水进行对比试验，初步探讨了渗流井滤膜的形成特征及其对滤净水能力的影响。  相似文献   

边坡大距离整体滑移的模拟研究     

蔡耀军  陈德基 《工程地质学报》2001,9(2):164-169

边坡整体滑移模拟是迄今未被解决的一个课题。文章通过构制一个专门的滑面单元, 采用数值模拟的原理实现了对粘滑类边坡失稳的大距离滑移模拟; 采用分析模拟法实现了对脆性滑移类边坡失稳滑移的模拟, 并开发了相应的软件。  相似文献   

Individual-based models of copepod populations in coastal upwelling regions: implications of physiologically and environmentally influenced diel vertical migration on demographic success and nearshore retention   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harold P. Batchelder  Christopher A. Edwards  Thomas M. Powell 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,53(2-4)

We link a two-dimension coastal upwelling circulation hydrodynamic-ecosystem (NPZ) model with an individual-based model (IBM) for an intermediate sized (ca. 2.5 mm) copepod capable of diel vertical migration (DVM) at larger sizes. The NPZ model is that of Franks, Wroblewski and Flierl (1986), with the zooplankton state variable parameterized for macrozooplankton. IBM simulations are done with different scenarios for behavioral responses; the interaction of the organisms with the circulation is evaluated by examining growth/development, reproduction, survival and distribution. Since ocean productivity in coastal upwelling systems is greatest nearshore, zooplankton production is favored by nearshore retention. Model results, using an idealized, intermittently wind-forced, upwelling circulation, indicate that non-migrating copepods are flushed from the nearshore system in offshore zonal surface flow; highest population abundances occur offshore, in a region of relatively low food resources. Conversely, migrating copepods interact with the stratified zonal flow within the upwelling system and are retained nearshore when the amplitude of the DVM is sufficient to place the individuals in near-bottom onshore flow during the day. Environmental features, like deep-extending food resources, and physiological controls, like satiation or body size, that permit copepods to remain deeper, or spend more time away from the surface, favor nearshore retention. Diel vertical migration is one mechanism, which may permit animals to exploit favorable habitats located nearshore in upwelling systems.  相似文献   

Structure and resilience of overwintering habitats of Calanus finmarchicus in the Eastern Norwegian Sea     

Dag Slagstad  Kurt S. Tande 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2702

Very high concentrations of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus were found in the eastern Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea close to the shelf break in January 2001–2002. A coupled 3D hydrodynamic and ecological model was used to study the formation of this deep overwintering aggregation and its stability. The ecological model includes nutrients, phytoplankton and microzooplankton in addition to a stage-structured model of C. finmarchicus. Using a Eulerian approach, the model was initiated with an overwintering stock evenly distributed in the oceanic regions of the Norwegian Sea, i.e. where depths>600 m. Spawning and development of the new generation take place in response to vertical mixing and phytoplankton development. Animals are assumed to begin their descent to overwintering depths of 700–1000 m as late stage Vs. Model results show that, in late summer, high concentrations of animals were found at overwintering depths near the shelf break north of the North Sea, off the northeastern Vøring Plateau and in the eastern Lofoten Basin along the slope of the Barents Sea shelf. They remained there for months due to deep eddies and southward, deep currents along the Norwegian shelf. The simulation experiments indicate that the combined effect of deep anticyclonic circulation and vertical migration behavior of the animals may explain the high concentrations of overwintering C. finmarchicus found in field surveys in the Eastern Lofoten Basin, close to the shelf break.  相似文献   

Open boundary conditions for regional tidal simulations     

Glenn S. Carter  Mark A. Merrifield   《Ocean Modelling》2007,18(3-4):194-209

The performance of regional tide model simulations is examined in relation to the choice of open boundary conditions. Three barotropic open boundary conditions, clamped elevation, clamped normal velocity, and Flather, give similar results when the prescribed values are exact; however, Flather is much less sensitive to errors in the prescribed values. Of particular concern, it was found that with a phase error between the two boundaries, both the clamped conditions resulted in magnitude errors in the unclamped variable (although the simulation remained stable).A modified flow relaxation scheme for the depth-varying prognostic variables is presented. This implementation allows the transmission of a range of vertical modes while retaining realistic topography at the boundary. It was found to be an excellent internal tide boundary condition in tests comparing simulations of different domain length encompassing a ridge and sloping bottom, and in a comparison to an analytical solution. Mass is conserved without any artificial volume constraint.  相似文献   

珠江河口海区潮流的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩保新  郭振仁  冼开康  于宾  黄方 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(5):475-484

应用ADI法首次对整个珠江口河口海区的潮汐和潮流进行了数值模拟。与实测值相比,潮位、潮流场、佘流场和八大河口门潮量等的模拟计算结果令人满意;还计算了拉格朗日余流场和拉格朗日标识质点运动轨迹,并对此进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Parameter estimation and simulation of dependence of constant pressure batch dewatering on initial solids concentration     

Rahul Konnur  Sasanka Raha 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2007

The problem of predicting dependence of constant pressure batch dewatering of particulate suspensions on feed solids concentration is considered. Scaling transformations which demonstrate that evolution in the cake consolidation stage of dewatering is governed by an underlying self-similar behavior are proposed. The self-similar master curve, which can be obtained using only one set of experimental dewatering data obtained with a feed suspension having solids concentration above the gel point, is employed for estimating dependence of key dewatering process parameters on feed solids concentration. Using the parameter estimates in a Darcy's law based dewatering model, it is shown that the complete evolution of dewatering for a desired feed solids concentration can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. The approach is simpler to implement in comparison to available pressure filtration models, which require several suspension characterization experiments.  相似文献   

Sustainable transpression: An examination of strain and kinematics in deforming zones with migrating boundaries   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dazhi Jiang   《Journal of Structural Geology》2007,29(12):1984-2005

Most orogenic belts owe their development to oblique convergence and commonly have many orogen-parallel transpressional high-strain zones. To constrain the tectonic history of orogenic belts by structural and fabric analysis of rocks, it is desirable to understand quantitatively the relationship between the boundary conditions and the resulting strain distribution and kinematics in these zones. Most current models for transpression assume homogeneous deformation confined by boundaries that are fixed to material planes. This creates a strain compatibility problem at the margins of the active deforming zone and also requires that the strain rate normal to the zone boundaries increase to implausibly high values soon after the onset of oblique convergence (transpressional motion). The latter contradicts with the observation that transpressional motion can be sustained throughout an orogeny. The assumption that zone boundaries are fixed to material planes is unrealistic. The outstanding problems of current transpressional models are resolved in this paper by allowing the zone boundaries to migrate through the rock material. The consequence of zone boundary migration for the strain field and kinematics within a transpressional high-strain zone is investigated mathematically. The implications of the modeling for fabric interpretation are discussed. The modeling makes general predictions consistent with observed planar and linear fabric patterns in natural transpressional high-strain zones. It predicts that foliations in transpressional high-strain zones are subparallel to the zone boundaries regardless of variation in the imposed boundary conditions. Lineations cluster along the great circle girdle subparallel to the average foliation. The spread of the lineations may vary from point maxima to complete girdles.  相似文献