1994年华南暴雨期间夏季风的特征及其对水汽的输送   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  

吕梅  成新喜  陈中一  陆汉城 《热带气象学报》1998,14(2):135-141

用拉格朗日方法计算等熵面上空气质点和物质的轨迹。分析指出１９９４年华南暴雨和夏季风异常有密切的关系,特别是东亚热带季风更是决定性的作用;用这种方法可以追踪水汤的源地及演变过程,分析气流对水汽的输送作用。  相似文献   

南海西部54万年以来元素地球化学记录及其反映的古环境演变   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

贺子丁  刘志飞  李建如  谢昕 《地球科学进展》2012,27(3):327-336

通过对南海西部上升流区MD05-2899孔开展高分辨率碳酸盐地层学和XRF岩芯扫描元素地球化学分析,重建了晚第四纪54万来以来东亚夏季风的演化历史,探讨海平面升降对南海西部陆源碎屑供应量的影响。研究选用了ln(Ba/Al)作为该海区古生产力的指标,ln(Br/Al)作为有机物的指标,ln(Ti/Al)作为陆源碎屑供应量的指标。研究结果显示,东亚夏季风在过去54万年以来强度不断增强,具有明显的冰期—间冰期旋回特征,在间冰期强盛和冰期减弱,是控制该海区有机物含量变化的主要因素。东亚夏季风不断强盛可能直接导致了南海周边陆地降雨增强,河流径流量加大,使得南海西部上升流区域的陆源碎屑供应量在间冰期明显高于冰期。研究发现,当相对海平面低于-60 m的时候,大面积暴露的巽他陆架可能向南海西部深水区输入大量陆源碎屑物质,造成研究站位的陆源碎屑供应量在冰盛期出现高值。因此,晚第四纪的东亚夏季风演化和海平面升降共同控制了南海西部上升流区陆源碎屑物质供应量的变化。  相似文献   

Impact of monsoon-driven circulation on phytoplankton assemblages near fringing reefs along the east coast of Hainan Island,China     

《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2013

Monsoonal hydrodynamic prevails over the east coast of Hainan Island induced by southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM) which drives coastal Ekman divergence/convergence cycle and the reversal of Guangdong coastal current (GCC) between the sGCC in the SWM season and nGCC in the NEM season. We report the control of such hydrodynamics on biological properties such as phytoplankton assemblages in the east coast of Hainan Island. Physico-chemical and biological observations were carried out in two oceanographic cruises along the east coast of Hainan Island during SWM period (July–August) of 2008 and NEM period (March–April) of 2009. Results indicated that phytoplankton assemblages in coastal regions (fringing reefs and coastal shelf) changed dramatically accompanied with the reverse of monsoonal hydrodynamic processes, with chain-forming diatoms (mainly, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassionema nitzschioides) dominating during SWM cruise when coastal Ekman divergence and the sGCC were prevailed, but the pelagic Noctiluca scintillans and Trichodesmium erythraeum dominating during NEM cruise when coastal Ekman convergence and the nGCC were prevailed. Furthermore, phytoplankton assemblages in fringing reefs along coastline were somewhat different from ones of coastal shelf, as fringing reefs are just located at dynamic boundary of offshore (or onshore) Ekman transport processes. Offshore diffusion of pelagic cells (such as T. erythraeum) driven by offshore Ekman transport process led to the lower abundance of T. erythraeum in fringing reefs than ones in coastal shelf during SWM cruise; on the contrary, onshore aggregation of pelagic cells (such as N. scintillans and T. erythraeum) driven by onshore Ekman transport process leads to higher abundances of N. scintillans and T. erythraeum in fringing reefs than ones in coastal shelf during NEM cruise; especially, N. scintillans formed bloom in fringing reefs. Last, we suggested that hydrodynamic processes must be taken into account in scientific management of fringing coral reefs health of the east coast of Hainan Island, especially during northeast monsoon season when blooming specie cells (such as N. scintillans) could be introduced from eutrophic South China mainland coast to the east coast of Hainan Island and piled to high-abundance at fringing reefs by monsoonal hydrodynamics.  相似文献   

Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Changes Along the Maldives Coast     

O. P. Singh  Tariq Masood Ali Khan  Fahmida Aktar  Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):209-218

Maldives, a South Asian small island nation in the northern part of the Indian Ocean is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of Sea Level Rise (SLR) due to its low altitude from the mean sea level. This artricle attempts to estimate the recent rates of SLR in Maldives during different seasons of the year with the help of existing tidal data recorded in the Maldives coast. Corresponding Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends, utilizing reliable satellite climatology, have also been obtained. The relationships between the SST and mean sea level have been comprehensively investigated. Results show that recent sea level trends in the Maldives coast are very high. At Male, the capital of the Republic of Maldives, the rising rates of Mean Tidal Level (MTL) are: 8.5, 7.6, and 5.8 mm/year during the postmonsoon (October-December), Premonsoon (March-May) and southwest monsoon (June-September) seasons respectively. At Gan, a station very close to the equator, the increasing rate of MTL is maximum during the period from June to September (which is 6.2 mm/year). These rising trends in MTL along the Maldives coast are certainly alarming for this small developing island nation, which is hardly one meter above the mean sea level. Thus there is a need for careful monitoring of future sea level changes in the Maldives coast. The trends presented are based on the available time-series of MTL for the Maldives coast, which are rather short. These trends need not necessarily reflect the long-term scenario. SST in the Maldives coast has also registered significant increasing trend during the period from June to September. There are large seasonal variations in the SST trends at Gan but SST and MTL trends at Male are consistently increasing during all the seasons and the rising rates are very high. The interannual mode of variation is prominent both in SST as well as MTL. Annual profile of MTL along the Maldives coast is bimodal, having two maxima during April and July. The April Mode is by far the dominant one. The SST appears to be the main factor governing the sea level variations along the Maldives coast. The influence of SST and sea level is more near the equatorial region (i.e., at Gan). There is lag of about two months for the maximum influence of SST on the sea level. The correlation coefficient between the smoothed SST and mean tidal level at Gan with lag of two months is as high as ~ +0.8, which is highly significant. The corresponding correlation coefficients at Male with the lags of one and two months are +0.5 and +0.3, respectively. Thus, the important finding of the present work for the Maldives coast is the dominance of SST factor in sea level variation, especially near the region close to the equator.  相似文献   

Sea Level Changes Along Bangladesh Coast in Relation to the Southern Oscillation Phenomenon   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

O. P. Singh Tariq Masood Ali Khan  Tad S. Murty  Md. Sazedur Rahman 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):65-72

Interannual variations of sea level along the Bangladesh coast are quite pronounced and often dominate the long-term sea level trends that are taking place. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induced variation is an important component of interannual mode of variations. The present article deals with the relationship between the sea level variations along the Bangladesh coast and the Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The mean tide level data of monsoon season (June to September) pertaining to Hiron Point (in Sundarbans) and Char Changa (on the mouth of Meghna River) have been analyzed and correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The annual variation of mean tide level in the coastal areas of Bangladesh reveals that the tide level reaches its peak during the monsoon season. The maximum tide level during the calendar year is recorded in August. Thus, it is not surprising that the inundation of the coastal belt of Bangladesh due to the floods is most common during the summer monsoon season, especially from July to September. Therefore, the sea level variations during the monsoon are of paramount importance to Bangladesh. The results of the present study show that both at Hiron Point and Char Changa there is a substantial difference between the mean tide level during the El Niño and La Niña monsoons. The mean tide level at Hiron Point is higher by about 5 cm during August of La Niña years as compared to that during the El Niño years. The difference at Char Changa, which is located at the mouth of Meghna River, is much higher. This is probably due to the increased fresh water discharge into the Meghna River during La Niña years. Thus at the time of crossing of a monsoon depression, the chances of widespread inundation are higher during a La Nin~a year as compared to that during an El Niño year. The Correlation Coefficients (CCs) between Mean Tide Levels (MTLs) at Hiron Point and Char Changa and the SOI during September (at the end of monsoon) are +0.33 and +0.39 respectively. These CCs are statistically significant at 90% and 95% levels, respectively. These results may find applications in the preparedness programs for combating sea level associated disasters in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Seasonal patterns of benthic arthropods in a subtropical Andean basin     

Leticia M. Mesa  Hugo R. Fernández  María V. Manzo 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):152-162

We studied the seasonal variation of arthropod assemblages and the response to high discharge events in a subtropical Andean basin. Using abundance of common taxa and taxon richness of each sampled site, we examined the temporal variation of arthropods and related these changes with 12 environmental variables. Seasonal patterns of benthic arthropods were confirmed by uni- and multivariate techniques. Benthic abundance and taxon richness peaked on autumn-winter months, and declined abruptly on the month of peak discharge (summer season). Distinct taxonomic groups were dominant in each season influenced by discharge and seven chemical variables.Assemblage resistance to disturbance by spates was low. Rapid recovery of benthic arthropods after floods reflected high resilience of the system. The dominance of groups of short life cycles such as Ephemeroptera played an important role in this process.  相似文献   

西北西风区与东部季风区年气温变化特征对比分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张洪芬  王劲松  黄斌 《中国沙漠》2009,29(6):1203-1206

利用我国西北西风区138站、东部季风区375站1964\_2006年43 a的年平均气温资料,对其时空变化特征及气温变化倾向率进行了对比分析。结果表明,西风区与季风区的时间变化规律基本一致,总体是在波动中呈一致的上升趋势,上升的趋势均是随着时间的推移而增加的,但西风区的年际变化更为剧烈,年际变化幅度大;除西风区1站和季风区4站具有负温度变率外,其余各站均为正温度变率,西风区≥0.4 ℃/10a变率区位于新疆西北部、新疆东部至青海西部的带状分布区及内蒙中部地区,而季风区≥0.4 ℃/10a位于受季风影响相对弱的北部地区,主要是西安-天津以西、以北的华北、东北地区。  相似文献   

东亚梅雨季节内振荡的气候特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

梁萍  丁一汇 《气象学报》2012,70(3):418-435

影响中国、日本、朝鲜半岛的东亚梅雨是夏季风向北推进过程中的特有雨季。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、CMAP降水资料,将夏季风影响及夏季风降水的季节转换相结合,定义东亚梅雨的入、出梅指标;进而采用集合经验模态分解信号提取方法对东亚梅雨区降水季节内振荡及其大尺度环流条件的气候特征进行了详细分析;并对东亚梅雨季节内振荡对降水事件的指示作用进行讨论,为东亚梅雨区降水的延伸预报提供依据和参考。研究结果表明:(1)采用标准化候降水量的空间覆盖率,同时兼顾夏季风影响等条件确定的东亚梅雨入、出梅划分指标可较好地反映东亚梅雨的气候特征及东亚梅雨期的大尺度环流形势。(2)东亚梅雨全年降水量存在三峰型分布特征,峰值分别位于第27、36及47候。该三峰型特征主要受10—20及30—60d的低频振荡影响。比较而言,30—60d振荡对梅雨区降水三峰型的贡献较10—20d振荡大。(3)东亚梅雨区峰值降水与热带环流及北方高位涡冷空气输送的低频演变密切关联。在梅雨区北侧,中高纬度里海附近冷空气(高位涡)低频波列的东传及鄂霍次克海高位涡的西南向输送共同影响东亚梅雨区。在梅雨区南侧,通过热带低频异常强对流的激发作用,热带西太平洋至中国东北—鄂霍次克海地区形成沿经向分布的低层气旋-反气旋-气旋-反气旋波列,进而导致梅雨区低层形成低频偏北风和偏南风的辐合;而印度西海岸和阿拉伯海地区异常对流活动产生的波列向东北方向传播,亦对梅雨区低频峰值降水产生影响。对于低频谷值降水的大气低频演变,情况与上述基本相反。(4)东亚梅雨区降水不同位相下出现极端降水事件的概率有明显差异。梅雨区降水低频峰(谷)值位相下出现异常多(少)降水量的概率约为30%。因此,上述梅雨区降水低频振荡演变相关的大气低频振荡特征对梅雨区降水事件的延伸预报具有参考价值。  相似文献   

南海西北部陆坡H1事件的磁学记录     

李明坤  欧阳婷萍  朱照宇  田成静  彭莎莎  邱燕  彭学超  钟和贤  陈泓君 《第四纪研究》2019,39(4):927-937

Heinrich 1(H1)事件,是末次冰消期内一个重要的千年尺度的古气候事件.南海不同海域沉积物磁学性质对H1事件的响应存在差异,因而磁学参数的多解性应予以关注.本文选取南海西北部陆坡具有良好年龄框架的PC338岩芯顶部370 cm段(底部年龄20. 5 ka B. P.),进行详细的磁学性质分析,并利用IRM获得曲线组分分离方法和高场磁化率值等参数,试图为区域气候变化的沉积物磁学响应给出合理解释.结果表明,在H1事件发生时,碎屑成因的磁铁矿(IRM (C2+C3))和顺磁性组分(xp)明显降低,这反映了源区化学风化的减弱,指示南海北部冷干的气候条件;另外, H1事件发生时,南海西北部陆坡的赤铁矿含量较高,这与海平面降低造成的红河源区的赤铁矿输入增多和暴露的大陆架处于氧化条件有关. H1事件时期,东亚季风区呈现末次冰消期以来最干旱的气候特征,主要受控于大西洋经向翻转环流的减弱迫使热带辐合带南移和热带太平洋类La Nina的气候条件这两个因素.  相似文献   

孟加拉湾季风爆发可预测性的分析和初步应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

段安民  毛江玉  吴国雄 《高原气象》2004,23(1):18-25

基于季风区对流层中高层副高脊附近的经向温度梯度能表征季节转换和季风爆发的物理本质这一事实,使用1980—1999年过渡季节期间(3～5月)逐日和月平均的NCEP／NCAR高空温度场再分析资料,对该温度梯度潜在的预报季风爆发进行了分析。结果表明：在已知初始时刻孟加拉湾季风区对流层中高层经向温度梯度的前提下,依据初始时刻的经向温度梯度和气候平均的经向增温率梯度,可以对孟加拉湾季风爆发的迟早做出定性预测。另外,由于孟加拉湾地区季风爆发日期与3月份青藏高原上空对流层中高层气温有显著相关,故前期高原上空对流层中高层的气温高低也是判断孟加拉湾季风爆发迟早的重要因子。对2000年和2001年孟加拉湾季风爆发迟早定性预测的结果表明,这两种预报方法具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献