A simulation study on the eco-environmental effects of 3N Shelterbelt in North China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang Hanjie  Zhou Hao 《Global and Planetary Change》2003,37(3-4):231

Based on the Global Land Cover Characteristics Database (GLCCD) generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), a new land cover dataset within a domain of 14.1–49.6°N, 84.6–140.5°E is extracted. This dataset is used to identify the achievements of constructing 3N (Northeast, North and Northwest of China) Shelterbelt in North China and to update the lower boundary conditions of the mesoscale model (MM5), a widely used mesoscale meteorological model. The model is then used to simulate the regional climate effects of the 3N Shelterbelt, the largest forestation engineering in the world. The simulation shows that the construction of the 3N Shelterbelt and the corresponding land use and land cover (LULC) variations in China have changed the roughness length in the cited model domain significantly. Consequently, the surface layer wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and the precipitation are all changed. As compared with the control run without the 3N Shelterbelt, the regional climate in North China is improved shown by the decreased wind speed, increased air humidity and precipitation. The paper also stresses that, in meteorological or climatic simulations, the lower boundary conditions related to the land cover has to be updated frequently by the satellite observed database since the LULC vary fast due to the increasing world population and human activities, this is especially true in developing countries like China.  相似文献   

Modelling snowpack surface temperature in the Canadian Prairies using simplified heat flow models     

Purushottam Raj Singh  Thian Yew Gan 《水文研究》2005,19(18):3481-3500

Three practical schemes for computing the snow surface temperature T_s, i.e. the force–restore method (FRM), the surface conductance method (SCM), and the Kondo and Yamazaki method (KYM), were assessed with respect to T_s retrieved from cloud‐free, NOAA‐AVHRR satellite data for three land‐cover types of the Paddle River basin of central Alberta. In terms of R², the mean T_s, the t‐test and F‐test, the FRM generally simulated more accurate T_s than the SCM and KYM. The bias in simulated T_s is usually within several degrees Celsius of the NOAA‐AVHRR T_s for both the calibration and validation periods, but larger errors are encountered occasionally, especially when T_s is substantially above 0 °C. Results show that the simulated T_s of the FRM is more consistent than that of the SCM, which in turn was more consistent than that of the KYM. This is partly because the FRM considers two aspects of heat conduction into snow, a stationary‐mean diurnal (sinusoidal) temperature variation at the surface coupled to a near steady‐state ground heat flux, whereas the SCM assumes a near steady‐state, simple heat conduction, and other simplifying assumptions, and the KYM does not balance the snowpack heat fluxes by assuming the snowpack having a vertical temperature profile that is linear. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mechanisms controlling the intra-annual mesoscale variability of SST and SPM in the southern North Sea     

Julie D. Pietrzak  Gerben J. de Boer  Marieke A. Eleveld 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):594-610

Thermal and optical remote sensing data were used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) and of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the southern North Sea. Monthly SST composites showed pronounced seasonal warming of the southern North Sea and delineated the English coastal and continental coastal waters. The East-Anglia Plume is the dominant feature of the English coastal waters in the winter and autumn SPM composites, and the Rhine region of freshwater influence (ROFI), including the Flemish Banks, is the dominant feature of the continental waters. These mesoscale spatial structures are also influenced by the evolution of fronts, such as the seasonal front separating well-mixed water in the southern Bight, from the seasonally stratified central North Sea waters. A harmonic analysis of the SST and SPM images showed pronounced seasonal variability, as well as spring-neap variations in the level of tidal mixing in the East Anglia Plume, the Rhine ROFI and central North Sea. The harmonic analysis indicates the important role played by the local meteorology and tides in governing the SST and near-surface SPM concentrations in the southern North Sea. In the summer, thermal stratification affects the visibility of SPM to satellite sensors in the waters to the north of the Flamborough and Frisian Fronts. Haline stratification plays an important role in the visibility of SPM in the Rhine ROFI throughout the year. When stratified, both regions typically exhibit low surface SPM values. A numerical model study, together with the harmonic analysis, highlights the importance of tides and waves in controlling the stratification in the southern North Sea and hence the visibility of SPM.  相似文献   

基于遥感数据的森林火灾监测研究概述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周永宝  韩惠 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(3):134-136

研究和总结了遥感数据在森林火灾监测中的应用,研究对象主要是NOAA和MODIS,内容包括遥感监测火灾的原理、基于2种数据的森林火灾监测算法以及目前的研究现状。最终得出结论:MODIS数据在林火监测的准确率和定位精度等方面较NOAA卫星有较大的提高,动态监测具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

NOAA18/AVHRR与FY-3A/VIRR的OLR产品一致性和差异性分析     

王园香  李贵才  戎志国  吴晓  曹冬杰 《遥感学报》2013,17(5):1311-1323

卫星的射出长波辐射OLR(Outgoing Long-wave Radiation)数据具有不同程度的误差。为满足业务和科研工作的需要,对国产卫星FY-3 A/VIRR的OLR产品与其他同类卫星产品进行一致性和差异性分析是非常必要的。采用风云三号A星(FY-3A)扫描辐射计(VIRR)的OLR日平均产品作为被检验数据,美国大气海洋局NOAA18卫星上搭载的甚高分辨率扫描辐射计(AVHRR)OLR日平均产品作为检验源数据,使用相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差、相对误差等检验方法,对两种产品进行一致性和差异性分析。结果表明,两种OLR资料大部分相关系数较大,平均偏差、均方根误差和相对误差较小,个别资料相关系数较小,平均偏差、均方根误差和相对误差较大。如2010年4月23日、7月13日和10月13日,相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差、相对误差分别为(0.63,7 Wm^-2,31 Wm^-2,0.12)、(0.5,-5 Wm^-2,45 Wm^-2,0.125)和(0.3,-200 Wm^-2,225 Wm^-2,0.85)。这些偏差主要发生在高山和海洋地区,并且暖季相对冷季偏差较大,可能是由于高山、海洋地区和暖季较强的对流活动造成两种资料的对比结果存在一定的差异;此外,由于FY-3A为上午星,NOAA18为下午星,过境时间存在一定的差异,也给二者的对比结果带来一定的差异。  相似文献   

The estimate of sea ice resources quantity in the Bohai Sea based on NOAA/AVHRR data   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

YUAN Shuai  GU Wei  XU Yingjun  WANG Ping  HUANG Shuqing  LE Zhangyan  CONG Jianou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):33-40

The research on sea ice resources is the academic base of sea ice exploitation in the Bohai Sea. According to the ice-water spectrum differences and the correlation between ice thickness and albedo, this paper comes up with a sea ice thickness inversion model based on the NOAA/AVHRR data. And then a sea ice resources quantity (SIQ) time series of Bohai Sea is established from 1987 to 2009. The results indicate that the average error of inversion sea ice thickness is below 30%. The maximum sea ice resources quantity is about 6 × 10 9 m 3 and the minimum is 1.3 × 10 9 m 3 . And a preliminary analysis has been made on the errors of the estimate of sea ice resources quantity (SIQ).  相似文献   

基于RS与GIS技术的南中国海湿地保护区选址研究     

朱长柏 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(4):5-10

作者选取植被指数和温度作为湿地保护区划定的基本依据,采用感测范围广、获取信息方便的NOAA／AVHRR影像作为主要数据源,反演南中国海区域的归一化植被指数NDVI、海面温度和陆地表面温度。对反演结果进行分析,确定湿地保护区的NDVI阈值和温度阈值,再对各个参数的阈值进行空间分析,最终确定南中国海湿地保护区地址和范围。最后把确定的保护区域与联合国环境署／全球环境基金确定的湿地示范区作对比研究,发现根据NDVI与温度确定的湿地保护区包括了6个重要湿地示范区中的5个。  相似文献   

基于动态阈值法的NOAA系列卫星云检测结果检验     

武艳  银燕  师春香  何立  胡婷婷  孟俊耀 《高原气象》2012,31(3):745-751

采用我国地面报资料、国际船舶报资料和云卫星(CloudSat)产品,分别对多通道动态阈值云检测方法的云检测结果进行了检验。结果表明,动态阈值云检测方法可用于长时间序列卫星观测数据的云检测,不仅运行速度较快,可实现全自动,且精度较高,陆地上空云检测准确率为82.8%(地面报资料),海洋上空云检测准确率为91.5%(船舶报资料)。此外,还利用CloudSat资料检验不同观测时间差对NOAA系列卫星云检测结果检验的影响。  相似文献   

20年时间序列海表温度数据集反演和评价     

胡婷婷  申双和  师春香  武艳  吴增巍 《气象科技》2012,40(4):571-577

海表温度是研究海洋表面海气相互作用的一个至关重要的物理参数。为建立长时间序列海表温度数据集,在海表温度反演模型建立过程中还需要考虑卫星之间的差异、卫星仪器随时间的衰减、所采用反演算法模型建立过程中人的主观因素的影响等。为此,针对1989—2008年间NOAA/AVHRR数据特点,发展了统一的海表温度反演模型,并生成了20年时间序列海表温度数据集,空间分辨率达到1km。利用船舶浮标资料和OISST数据对该数据集进行了验证,验证结果表明该数据集均方根误差在1℃左右。最后针对1997/1998年厄尔尼诺事件,用反演的海表温度分析了西太平洋暖池区海表温度距平对这次事件的响应。  相似文献   

利用遥感方法估算华北平原陆面蒸散量   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵静  邵景力  崔亚莉  谢振华 《城市地质》2009,4(1):43-48,42

本文主要讨论了遥感技术在水文学领域的应用。利用基于能量平衡原理的SEBS模型,结合NOAA／AVHRR数据,通过遥感方法估算了华北平原的区域陆面蒸散量,并分析了不同潜水埋深条件下植被指数对蒸散发的影响。通过遥感估算方法得到,华北平原6～8月份是蒸散量较高时期,变化幅度较大;1、2月和11、12月是蒸散量较低时期,变化幅度较小。其日蒸散量变化范围在0～8mm之间;年蒸散量在520-1100mm之间,平均为700-800mm。地下水埋深较浅的沿海、黄河沿岸以及河南黄河以北的农业区为蒸散发的高值区。在不同潜水埋深条件下,蒸散量与植被指数之间均存在线性正相关性。且在潜水埋深介于1～2m的情况下,陆面蒸散与植被指数间的关系最明显,两者之间的相关性达到0．669。  相似文献