内蒙古沙麦岩体：正εNd（t）值的过铝质花岗岩   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡朋  聂凤军赫英 刘妍 《岩石学报》2006,22(11):2781-2790

内蒙古沙麦岩体位于大兴安岭中段西坡,是二连浩特-东乌珠穆沁旗花岗岩带的重要组成部分。岩体中脉岩和围岩捕虏体较为发育,岩性组合主要为中细粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒似斑状花岗岩。在化学成分上,沙麦岩体以铝弱过饱和,富硅,全碱含量中等和低磷为特点,标准矿物中刚玉分子大于1%,可归为过铝质 S 型花岗岩。在稀土元素和微量元素组成上,岩体富 Rb、Th、U、Ta,贫 Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Rb/Sr 比值高,K/Rb 比值低,Eu 负异常明显。在 Nd 同位素组成上,岩体 Nd 同位素组成变化较大,除一件样品ε_(Nd)(t)值为负值以外,普遍以具正ε_(Nd)(t)值为特点,T_(2DM)值介于275.79～1048.41Ma 之间。研究结果表明,沙麦岩体形成于晚中生代后造山的岩石圈伸展环境中,是幔源基性岩浆底侵及其诱发的壳-幔混合岩浆,同化中上地壳泥质围岩并经高程度分离结晶的产物。  相似文献   

Further Study on Identifying Anomalous Large-Scale Rainfall Regimes in Phase Space          下载免费PDF全文

REN Hongli  GAO Li  ZHANG Peiqun  LI Weijing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(1):62-71

Using a 40-yr daily precipitation dataset including 134 stations from 1962 to 2001, the large-scale distribution patterns of precipitation anomalies over East China are investigated in the present paper. In the phase space spanned by the first 8 EOFs generated from the 20-day low-pass filtered data, the six rainfall regimes (RRs) are identified by applying a cluster analysis method, namely, the northeastern China regime, Yellow River regime, Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River regime, Yangtze River with its south regime, South China regime, and rainless regime. Analyses show that the new RRs exhibit good persistence and evident physical sense, and excellently represent both of countrywide and regional features, which also demonstrate the inhomogeneity of multi-dimensional phase space. Furthermore, it is more important that the new RRs can describe intraseasonal dynamic characteristics of large-scale rainfall anomalies, which is the most significant difference between the new RRs and the conventional seasonal mean rainfall patterns. On the other hand, the climatic characteristics of daily distributions of the RRs events, as well as the 40-year panorama of the RRs occurring are also investigated, which further document rationality and objectivity of the RRs with intraseasonal variability, and are likely to present more helpful information for short-term climate prediction, compared with other previous classical rainfall patterns.  相似文献   

基于3S技术土地利用现状数据库更新方法探讨     

韩春建  吴克宁  冯新伟  吕巧灵  郑信伟 《国土资源信息化》2006,(2):30-33,47

本文研究了基于3S技术的1:1万土地利用现状更新调查的方法,针对其中遇到的若干问题进行了探讨,认为正射影像图制作时必须注意精度问题,影像解译采用自动分类与目视解译相结合的方法可以提高效率保证解译精度;外业调绘补测应该严把质量关,以保障整个工程的精度,外业调绘结果采用直接矢量化可以减少工作量,以减少误差;重新划分图斑号可以方便外业调查和今后土地管理工作;建议数据建库时采用地形图校正可以提高数据库的精度。  相似文献   

运用氮、氧同位素技术判别常州地区地下水氮污染源   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

吴登定  姜月华  贾军远  蔡鹤生 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(3):11-15

本文运用氮、氧同位素技术对常州地区地下水氮的污染来源进行了研究.结果表明：潜水和微承压水中NO3-含量高,平均含量为38.32 mg/L,δ^15N为4.818‰～32.834‰,δ^18O为12.502‰～20.757‰,反映了多数潜水和微承压水受到了厩肥和污水的污染;中深层承压水（第1承压水、第2承压水、第3承压水）中NO3^-含量低,NO3^-平均含量为0.52 mg/L,未受到氮污染,δ^15N为2.163‰～6.208‰,δ^18O为17.051‰～23.201‰,NO3^-应主要来源于早期形成时的大气降水.  相似文献   

胶东半岛牟平-即墨断裂带晚中生代运动学转换历史   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

张岳桥  李金良张田 袁嘉音 《地质论评》2007,53(3):289-300

牟平-即墨断裂带不仅构成了苏鲁造山带与胶北地块（华北地块）的边界，也是中国东部巨型郯庐走滑断裂系（即郯城-庐江走滑断裂系）的主要组成部分。基于野外断层滑动矢量分析和古构造应力场反演、侵入岩和火山岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测年分析，结合海域地球物理资料解释成果，研究了该断裂带平面展布形态和晚中生代构造演化历史。结果表明，牟平-即墨断裂带在晚侏罗世-白垩纪时期经历了挤压左旋平移引张伸展右旋走滑拉分等3个显著不同的运动学转变历史。晚侏罗世是重要的挤压作用时期，沿断裂带发生显著的左旋走滑活动，牟平-即墨断裂带东支桃村-东陡山断裂记录了约30km的左旋错移量。早白垩世时期，构造体制以引张伸展活动为主，引张应力方向为NW-SE至近W-E向，沿断裂带形成一系列深而狭长的断陷盆地；盆地中侵入岩和火山喷发岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测试，获得了一致的年龄在106～123Ma。晚白垩世古新世时期，断裂带以右旋走滑活动为主，右旋剪切拉分作用控制了胶县-莱阳伸展断陷盆地的发育，沿断裂带局部凹陷区控制了晚白垩世王氏群沉积。早、晚白垩世之间发生一期构造挤压事件，挤压方向NW-SE，导致断陷盆地构造反转和断裂带左旋走滑活动，但这期走滑位移量不大。牟平即墨断裂带运动学历史和构造应力场演化较完整地记录了中国东部晚中生代构造体制转换过程，并对构造体制转换过程的动力学背景提供了重要的构造地质学制约。  相似文献   

Nutrient dynamics in Mediterranean temporary streams: A case study in Pardiela catchment (Degebe River, Portugal)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ana Isabel Lilleb  Manuela Morais  Pedro Guilherme  Rita Fonseca  Antnio Serafim  Ramiro Neves 《Limnologica》2007,37(4):337-348

Most of the streams in the Mediterranean region are temporary, following predictable seasonal of flooding and drying, with a transition from lotic conditions to shallow lentic conditions. The goal of our study was to assess the nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in channel-bed processes of temporary streams between floods. Results show that, during winter, temperatures ranged between 9.5 and 11.2 °C and oxygen concentration ranged from 8.0 to 9.5 mg L⁻¹, whereas, during summer, temperatures varied between 21.2 and 26.8 °C and oxygen between 1.2 and 5.3 mg L⁻¹, with oxygen depletion in the pools during the night. The nitrate concentrations were far more abundant during winter (February), while ammonium concentration increased after stream fragmentation into pools (especially in July when oxygen depletion conditions favoured ammonification). Results on sediment profiles showed that the most active sediment layers for NH₄-N are the top 2–3 cm, corresponding to the sediment depositional sites of the stream. Phosphate concentrations had larger variability, yet concentrations decreased from winter to spring and increased again in summer, when the shallow water pools were formed. Sediment profiles at the sediment depositional sites showed that PO₄-P was more dynamic in the first 6 cm.

In Mediterranean temporary streams, nutrient dynamics vary seasonally, as the system transits from lotic conditions to shallow lentic conditions, evidencing the regeneration of nutrients from organic and inorganic matter during the flow cessation period.  相似文献   

Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic deformations in the southwestern Primorye region     

V. P. Utkin  P. L. Nevolin  A. N. Mitrokhin 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(4):307-323

Two types of tectonic deformations indicating different geodynamic settings are defined in the southwestern Primorye region. Near-latitudinal compression forces were responsible for the oldest, Late Paleozoic deformations. The Permian stratified complexes host a near-meridional system of folds and zones of dynamothermal metamorphism, cleavage, and foliation oriented orthogonally relative to the compression. Late Proterozoic (?) mafic-ultramafic rocks are characterized by similar deformations. In the Late Permian, the deformations were accompanied by granitoid magmatism controlled by fold and cleavage structures. The younger, Mesozoic deformations produced by near-meridional compression are represented by NE-trending sinistral strike-slip faults and their structural parageneses: an ENE-trending system of folds and downdip-thrusts both superimposed on Paleozoic protostructures and manifested in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences. It is inferred that, at the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary, near-latitudinal compression was replaced by near-meridional compression, probably, in response to the corresponding change in direction of the lateral displacement of the interacting Asian continent and (or) Pacific Plate.  相似文献   

Analysis of the impact of conservation measures on stream flow regime in catchments of the Loess Plateau,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xingmin Mu  Lu Zhang  Tim R. McVicar  Basang Chille  Peng Gau 《水文研究》2007,21(16):2124-2134

Catchments in the Loess Plateau have been under the influence of human activities for centuries. In the last four decades, soil conservation measures have accelerated and intensified. These measures were designed to reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural productivity, and enhance environmental quality. It is important to evaluate the effects of these measures on hydrology in order to develop sustainable catchment management plans in the region. This study evaluated changes in stream flow data for four selected catchments in the Loess Plateau following large‐scale soil conservation measures. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to identify trends in annual stream flow and the results showed significant downward trends in three of the four catchments. The Pettitt test indicated that a change point occurred in 1978 in these three catchments. Annual precipitation in all the catchments showed no significant trend during the period of record. Comparison of daily flow duration curves for two 20‐year periods (1957–1978) and (1979–2003) showed significant changes in stream flow regime. Reduction in most percentile flows varied between 20 and 45%, and the reduction in low flows was greatest. Overall, the reductions in daily flow were increasing with time, with significant changes occurring in the 1990s. However, it is not clear whether these catchments have seen the full effects of the soil conservation measures, so the results of this study might underestimate the final impact of soil conservation on stream flow regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

阿勒泰地区河流冰情特征     

周文盛俄布.  孟 《干旱区地理》1998,21(3):66-72

本文分析了阿勒泰地区主要河流１９５９￣１９８９年３０年间冰情状况,初步总结了河流冰情规律。  相似文献   

上海旱地农田氮磷随地表径流流失研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

黄宗楚  郑祥民  姚春霞 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(1):6-10

选择上海宝山罗店镇具有代表性的旱地蔬菜农田生态系统，从2004年3月到8月的近半年时间里，通过对径流及径流中侵蚀泥沙的氮磷流失情况的连续监测，研究了旱地农田施肥与氮磷流失污染之间的关系，探讨了农田氮磷的迁移特征及环境效应，主要结果表明：当季施用化肥的地表径流总流失量，总氮为32．77kg/hm^2，总磷为8．1kg／hm^2，随径流排出农田的氮素中有37．7％是当季施用的氮素化肥，磷素中有26．9％是当季施用的磷素化肥；从过量施肥与环境污染之间的“因”与“果”来看，减量15％施肥区相比常规施肥区的茄子的产量减少2．7％，但是其污染负荷却减少了13．4％，表明在化肥利用的有效性上或增施化肥与控制环境污染之间，应该寻找一个最佳的平衡点。  相似文献