Theory of integer equivariant estimation with application to GNSS   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(7-8):402-410

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning and navigation. It applies to a great variety of current and future models of GPS, modernized GPS and Galileo. The so-called fixed baseline estimator is known to be superior to its float counterpart in the sense that its probability of being close to the unknown but true baseline is larger than that of the float baseline, provided that the ambiguity success rate is sufficiently close to its maximum value of one. Although this is a strong result, the necessary condition on the success rate does not make it hold for all measurement scenarios. It is discussed whether or not it is possible to take advantage of the integer nature of the ambiguities so as to come up with a baseline estimator that is always superior to both its float and its fixed counterparts. It is shown that this is indeed possible, be it that the result comes at the price of having to use a weaker performance criterion. The main result of this work is a Gauss–Markov-like theorem which introduces a new minimum variance unbiased estimator that is always superior to the well-known best linear unbiased (BLU) estimator of the Gauss–Markov theorem. This result is made possible by introducing a new class of estimators. This class of integer equivariant estimators obeys the integer remove–restore principle and is shown to be larger than the class of integer estimators as well as larger than the class of linear unbiased estimators. The minimum variance unbiased estimator within this larger class is referred to as the best integer equivariant (BIE) estimator. The theory presented applies to any model of observation equations having both integer and real-valued parameters, as well as for any probability density function the data might have. AcknowledgementsThis contribution was finalized during the authors stay, as a Tan Chin Tuan Professor, at the Nanyang Technological Universitys GPS Centre (GPSC) in Singapore. The hospitality of the GPSCs director Prof Law Choi Look and his colleagues is greatly appreciated.  相似文献   

1303年山西洪洞8级大地震的时间有序性特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

徐道一 《山西地震》2003,(3):34-36

1303年山西洪洞地震是我国历史记录中被确认的第一个8级大地震。引入有序系列和有序组合的含义,对1303年山西洪洞地震和1556年陕西华县地震分别形成的2个有序系列进行了研究,认为2个8级地震的发震时间有一个时间差(τ)。2个τ值之差用△τ来表示。若2个τ值相差不大,则4个地震(有时可以是3个地震)组成一个有序组合。2个有序系列可有7个有序组合。7个有序组合的τ值在100a～450a范围变化,但它们的△τ值仅在10d～2400d范围内变化,表示了2个有序序列之间的密切联系。震例表明,1303年洪洞大地震与其他8级地震之间的间隔的形成机制可能与沙罗周期有关。  相似文献   

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的非线性带滑移滞变系统的实时估计     

李书进  虞晖 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(1):89-92

利用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对Baber与Noori提出的带滑移滞变模型进行了参数的实时估计。考虑到该方法在收敛性上对参数初始值的选取的依赖性较强 ,提出了一种用于确定各参数初始估计值的方法。计算实例表明了该方法的有效性和实用性  相似文献   

利用卫星轨迹交叉点标定CHAMP卫星加速度计数据     

徐天河  杨元喜 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(11):955-959

基于能量守恒方程给出了利用卫星轨迹交叉点标定CHAMP卫星加速度数据的基本原理和方法 ,并给出了其严密的积分公式及其离散化形式。为了控制加速度数据的扰动异常 ,建议采用抗差估计求解参数值 ,并基于实测的CHAMP卫星加速度计数据进行了计算与比较 ,验证了该方法的有效性  相似文献   

LS估计精度评定的新思考     

刘长建马高峰  乔书波 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(4):247-249

从先验信息获取的角度，将测量平差的随机模型分成了3种情况；并相应讨论了这3种情况下所涉及的LS估计精度评定问题。通过文中的讨论，将有助于进一步深化测量平差的教学研究与实践工作。  相似文献   

评价GPS相位模糊度整数解正确性的严密方法     

周扬眉  刘经南  李信 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(11):1004-1007

针对如何评价模糊度整数解的正确性，指出了基于传统的假设检验理论的三步法存在的理论缺陷，介绍了模糊度归整域的概念和可容许整数估计的定义，并在Teunissen关于可容许整数估计原定义的基础上给出了更为严密的新定义。基于这个新定义，讨论了模糊度成功率的概念及其计算公式。  相似文献   

基于地面光谱的海涂土壤开发程度评价研究——以浙江省上虞市海涂围垦区为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄明祥  史舟  李艳  吴曙雯 《遥感学报》2004,8(4):378-384

过去 30年间 ,浙江沿海滩涂地不断地被围垦成农用地。为了科学地掌握海涂土壤的变化规律 ,讨论了地面光谱评价海涂土壤开发程度的可行性。以浙江省上虞市北部海涂围垦区作为研究区域 ,根据围垦历史时间的不同 ,将研究区划分成 4个子区域。借助GPS定位 ,样区内大致间隔 1km进行混合采样。分别在实验室内测定土壤理化性质和土壤光谱反射率。理化性质分析结果表明海涂土壤有机质含量低 ,电导率和含砂量高 ,并且随着围垦时间的增长呈现出规律性的变化。 9个吸收波段与土壤电导率、阳离子交换量和机械组成的Person相关分析表明 ,海涂土壤砂粒、粉粒含量与各波段相关性显著。依据不同围垦历史 ,对所有土样进行分组 ,并进行逐步判别分析。判别结果表明 ,处于不同围垦区并具有不同改良程度的土样 ,其光谱数据具有很好的类可分性。对原始样点数据回代到Fisher辨别函数可以获得 86 8%的判别精度 ,而对 2 8个待判土样代入判别函数可获 89 3%的判别精度。从地面光谱研究结果可见 ,相比于常规的野外耗时调查 ,星载或机载遥感探测器有可能作为大范围快速评价盐碱土开发程度的有效潜在工具  相似文献   

春小麦干热风灾害监测指标与损失评估模型方法探讨——以宁夏引黄灌区为例   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

刘静马力文  张晓煜刘玉兰武万里  孙银川 《应用气象学报》2004,15(2):217-225

利用小麦干热风观测资料和产量统计年鉴，结合民政部门灾害历史资料，运用产量逐级分离模拟和给定初始聚类中心的逐步筛选聚类分析方法，分别确定了宁夏引黄灌区春小麦两类干热风灾害等级判别指标，并建立了各自的等级判别方程；通过小麦抽穗扬花前的气候模拟，分离出灌浆期间两类干热风影响的产量；根据不同时期小麦受不同程度的灾害对产量的综合影响建立了综合灾害等级查询表和灾损评估模型，代入灾害综合等级，实现了监测和产量损失评估。  相似文献   

Line-based modified iterated Hough transform for automatic registration of multi-source imagery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ayman F. Habib  Rami I. Alruzouq 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(105):5-21

Image registration aims at combining imagery from multiple sensors to achieve higher accuracy and derive more information than that obtained from a single sensor. The enormous increase in the volume of remotely sensed data that is being acquired by an ever-growing number of earth observation satellites mandates the development of accurate, robust, and automated registration procedures. An effective automatic image registration has to deal with four issues: registration primitives, transformation function, similarity measure, and matching strategy. This paper introduces a new approach for automatic image registration using linear features as the registration primitives. Linear features have been chosen because they can be reliably extracted from imagery with significantly different geometric and radiometric properties. The modified iterated Hough transform (MIHT), which manipulates the registration primitives and similarity measure, is used as the matching strategy for automatically deriving an estimate of the parameters involved in the transformation function as well as the correspondence between conjugate primitives. The MIHT procedure follows an optimal sequence for parameter estimation that takes into account the contribution of linear features with different orientations at various locations within the imagery towards the estimation of the transformation parameters in question. Experimental results using real data proved the feasibility and robustness of the suggested approach.  相似文献   

随机AMR模型的参数估计及其在几次强震中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王丽凤  马丽  陈时军 《地震学报》2004,26(2):162-173

通过模拟强震前累积应变能释放具有加速特征地震目录的方法，系统地研究了随机AMR模型参数估计特征．在此基础上，应用AIC（Akaikes information criteria）准则，分别对中国和新西兰几次强震加速情况进行了考察，分析强震前地震活动类型， 有无加速，及何种因素引起的加速，同时探讨加速活动的区域分布特征和预测未来强震发生时间的可能途径．   相似文献