太平洋年代际海洋变率研究进展   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

王东晓  谢强  刘赟  刘钦燕  杜岩 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(1):76-83

随着“气候变率与可预报性研究”（CLIVAR计划）的实施，年代际气候变率研究已经成为国际气候研究的一个新热点，由于海洋特别是海洋次表层具有巨大的热损性，海洋环流在年代际气候变率中所起的作用已得到越来越多的重视。但迄今为止，海洋以什么方式参与到年代际气候变化中，海洋次表层在年际和年代际时间尺度上起到什么作用这些与海洋环流有关的问题仍未得到解决，而这些问题的解决将有助于建立一种完备的年代际气候变化机制的理论，文章通过对近10a来国内外在该领域内研究进展的回顾，提出了一个关于太平洋年际变化（如ENSO循环）和年代际变化（如PDO循环）相互作用的猜想，为今后在国内开展相关研究提供了一些设想。  相似文献   

大西洋中脊热液硫化物的矿物学研究     

初凤友  陈丽蓉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(2):73-83

利用１９８９年在大西洋热液活动区采集的块状硫化物样品，采用矿相显微镜、电子显微镜和电子探针等手段，进行了矿物共生组合、矿物形态与成分标型及其演化特征研究。结果表明，大西洋热液成矿作用可以划分为热液期与沉积期两个成矿期，和石英－黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段、胶状黄铁矿阶段和非晶质ＳｉＯ２阶段等５个成矿阶段；不同成矿阶段黄铁矿的共生矿物和矿物特征不同，在晶体形态上具有从单形晶－聚形晶－胶状  相似文献   

Estimating the geostrophic velocity obtained by HF radar observations in the upstream area of the Kuroshio     

Ryoko Tokeshi  Kaoru Ichikawa  Satoshi Fujii  Kenji Sato  Shoichiro Kojima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):711-720

A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore, additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation. After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio.  相似文献   

The POC / Th ratio of settling particles isolated using split flow-thin cell fractionation (SPLITT)     

rjan Gustafsson  Jenny Larsson  Per Andersson  Johan Ingri 《Marine Chemistry》2006,100(3-4):314

The common assumption that the ratio between particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate ²³⁴Th obtained from shallow sediment traps and filterable particles are representative of the ratio in the total particle settling flux should be treated with caution in view of well-known biases associated with tethered shallow sediment traps and the decoupling between size and settling velocity of many natural particle regimes. To make progress toward reliably constraining the POC / ²³⁴Th ratio on truly settling particles, we have tested here a settling collection technique designed to remove any hydrodynamic bias; split flow-thin cell fractionation (SPLITT). These first results from a North Sea fjord and an open Baltic Sea time-series station indicates that the POC / ²³⁴Th ratio on the more complete particle-settling spectrum, isolated with SPLITT, was higher than the POC / ²³⁴Th ratio obtained simultaneously from tethered shallow sediment traps in seven out of seven parallel deployments with an average factor of 210%. The POC / ²³⁴Th ratio from the SPLITT was either in the same range or higher than that obtained on filtered “bulk” particles. To explain this novel data we hypothesize that the slowest settling fraction is organic-matter rich and does not strongly complex ²³⁴Th (i.e., high POC / ²³⁴Th). We suggest that this ultra-slow sinking fraction is better collected by SPLITT than with tethered sediment traps because of minimized hydrodynamic bias.This was tested using the ratio of POC / Al as a tracer of detrital mineral-ballast influenced settling velocity. The higher POC / Al ratios in SPLITT samples relative to in traps is consistent with the hypothesis that SPLITT is better suited for collecting also the slow-settling component of sinking particles. This important slow-settling component appears to here consist primarily of non-APS/TEP components of plankton exudates or other less-strongly ²³⁴Th-complexing organic matter. Further applications of the SPLITT technique are likely to return increasingly new insights on the composition (including “truly settling” POC / ²³⁴Th) of the total spectrum of particles settling out of the upper ocean.  相似文献   

融冰季节北极破碎冰区热通量的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

史久新  赵进平  矫玉田 《海洋科学进展》2002,20(3):35-43

利用航空遥感数字影像的解析结果和实测气象，海洋和海冰资料，定量研究了夏季融冰期北极破碎冰区的热通量，计算了海洋对大气的热贡献，结果表明，在北极夏季海冰融化时，短波辐射远远大于感热和潜热通量，是表面热通量的决定因素，海洋对大气的热贡献主要由长波辐射决定，在观测期间，海洋对大气的热贡献为38～104Wm^-2，这部分热量的大小与海冰的密集度有关，当海冰密集度小于0.8时，海洋对大气的热贡献随海冰密度度的增大而减小，而当海冰密集度超过0.8以后，该热通量将随海冰密集度的增大而增大。  相似文献   

Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean     

Bin Zhao  Yong Yang  Gaowen He  Heng Zhang  Weilin Ma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(9):1037-1045

Abstract

Cobalt-rich crust has attracted increased attention due to their economic value. Studies have indicated that seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are rich in cobalt-rich crust resources. The Caiwei Guyot in Western Pacific Ocean is one of the cobalt-rich crust exploration areas contracted between China and the International Seabed Authority. A large volume of research has been conducted to elucidate the tectonic evolution, basement type, sediment type, gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics, and geochemical characteristics of shallow surface sediments at Caiwei Guyot. However, a research gap exists on the sedimentary strata below the pelagic deposits and above the volcanic basement of the Caiwei Guyot. This paper summarizes that two main types of sediments existing on the top of Caiwei Guyot. The deposition thickness on the top of Caiwei Guyot is characterized by three sedimentary centers and exposed periphery. Pelagic sediments are difficult to form at the northeastern portion and edge area of Caiwei Guyot due to the strong bottom current environment, which makes these areas suitable for crust growth. This paper delineated three cobalt-rich crust prospective areas at the Caiwei Guyot with of significant implications for exploration and mining-lease-block selections at Caiwei Guyot.  相似文献   

海洋钙离子非保守行为及海洋钙问题     

曹知勉  戴民汉 《地球科学进展》2008,23(1):8-16

钙离子是海洋11种常量离子之一,与钠、钾等离子的保守性不同,钙离子在海洋中的分布表现出微小但系统的变化。钙离子的变化往往与海洋碳酸钙的形成和溶解过程有关,所以,钙离子可直接指示海洋碳酸钙通量（深层海洋碳通量的主要组成部分）。同时,碳酸钙沉淀或溶解又会改变总碱度和溶解无机碳,通过钙离子变化也能间接探讨海洋碳酸盐系统和海洋吸收CO2的能力。介绍了以碳酸钙溶解形成超额钙为主的海洋钙离子多种非保守行为及其控制过程,讨论这些过程对海水组成和海洋碳酸盐系统的影响,探讨未来海洋酸化条件下钙离子可能的变化及其潜在的效应,最后展望在南海开展钙离子精细行为的研究意义。   相似文献   

大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翦知湣  金海燕 《地球科学进展》2008,23(3):221-227

20世纪气候演变研究的最大突破,在于地球轨道变化驱动冰期旋回的米兰柯维奇理论。然而近年来学术界对热带过程和大气CO2浓度变化的研究进展,暴露了传统的轨道驱动理论存在着对低纬区和碳循环在全球气候系统中作用估计不足的严重缺陷。国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动"拟以南海与西太平洋暖池的深海记录为依据,进行全球性对比和跨越地球圈层的探索,通过观测分析结果与数值模拟的结合、地质记录与现代过程的结合,检验和论证大洋碳储库长周期变化机制的假说,对于不同时间尺度上低纬过程如何通过碳循环在全球气候环境演变中的作用,实现理论上的突破。同时简要介绍了该项目的目的、科学意义、关键科学问题及预期目标等。  相似文献   

基于IGS超级跟踪站的近实时GPS气象研究及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张双成  叶世榕  刘经南  张斌 《测绘科学》2008,33(2):93-95

目前国内许多城市开始将CORS综合应用网服务于气象部门,为给地基GPS气象研究人员提供一个真实的研究环境,本文基于IGS超级跟踪站网络搭建了一个近实时GPS气象系统,并结合实测数据验证了该系统的有效性。基于该平台可以系统地研究GPS遥感水汽、层析水汽三维分布、数值天气预报同化GPS水汽以及利用电离层分布进行空间天气预报等理论。  相似文献   

Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stavros A. Melachroinos  R. Biancale  M. Llubes  F. Perosanz  F. Lyard  M. Vergnolle  M. -N. Bouin  F. Masson  J. Nicolas  L. Morel  S. Durand 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(6):357-371

In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models. Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world where tides provoke loading displacements of ∼10–12 cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2, TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL constituents of M₂, S₂, N₂ and K₁ waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over 20° and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M₂ between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed, indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004, NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models.  相似文献