The dynamics of a bathymetrically arrested estuarine front     

Linda M. Huzzey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(5):537-552

The mixing and circulation associated with a bathymetrically arrested estuarine front was studied using hydrographic and current data. A quasisteady front, exhibiting strongly convergent surface flows, is formed along the steeply sloping inner margins of the flood tide delta during each semidiurnal tide cycle. This front separates the brackish ambient water within a deep estuarine basin from the incoming oceanic tidal water. The position of the front is dependent on the local water depth and the difference in density between the two water masses. Beneath the surface there is an inclined frontal interface where static stability is very low and vertical mixing intense. A vertically integrated horizontal momentum equation was derived for flow in the upper layer and an estimate made as to the value of the associated entrainment coefficient.  相似文献   

Correlations between seabirds and ocenic fronts around the Pribilof Islands,Alaska     

Thomas H. Kinder  George L. Hunt  David Schneider  James D. Schumacher 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(3):309-319

Located on the extensive continental shelf of the Bering Sea, the Pribilof Islands, Alaska are the site of one of the largest breeding colonies of seabirds in the northern hemisphere. During summer these islands are surrounded by a front that separates vertically homogeneous waters from well stratified waters farther seaward. We studied the front with hydrographic data and the bird distributions with concurrent counts during summer 1977 and spring, summer and fall 1978. Murres (Uria lomvia and U. aalge) sitting on the water aggregated near the front during summer 1977 and probably during summer 1978. Other species, such as northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and auklets (Aethia pusilla and A. cristatella) were unaffected by the front. We hypothesize that the aggregation of the murres was related to an enhanced availability of their food near the front.  相似文献   

Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion:Ediacaran revolution in the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation     

George E.Williams  Phillip W.Schmidt 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(2):391-402

The late Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka excursion, with δ~(13)C_(carb) values as low as-12‰(PDB) in marineshelf deposits and spanning up to 10 Myr, is the deepest and most protracted δ~(13)C_(carb) negative anomaly recognised in Earth history. The excursion formed on at least four continents in low(≤32°) palaeolatitudes, and in China is associated with a major phosphogenic event. Global and intrabasinal correlation, magnetostratigraphy, isotope conglomerate tests and further geochemical data are consistent with a primary or syn-depositional origin for the excursion. Continental-margin phosphorites are generated by oceanic upwelling driven by surface winds, and δ~(13)C_(carb) negative anomalies are explicable by oceanic upwelling of 13 C-depleted deep oceanic waters, arguing that a feature common to these exceptional Ediacaran events was unprecedented perturbation of the world ocean. These events occurred during the transition from an alien Proterozoic world marked by low-palaeolatitude glaciation near sea level and strong seasonality to the familiar Phanerozoic Earth with circum-polar glaciation and temperate climate, suggesting that the Shuram-Wonoka excursion is related to this profound change in Earth's climate system. Of various hypotheses for Proterozoic low-palaeolatitude glaciation, only the high obliquity(54°) hypothesis, which posits secular decrease in obliquity to near the present-day value(23.5°) during the Ediacaran, predicts an unparalleled revolution in the Ediacaran world ocean. The obliquity controls the sense of the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation, which today is driven by the sinking of cold, dense water at the poles and upwelling driven by zonal surface winds.When the decreasing obliquity passed the critical value of 54° during the Ediacaran the meridional temperature gradient reversed, with the equator becoming warmer than the poles and Hadley lowlatitude(30°-35°) atmospheric zonal circulation reversing. This reversal of the temperature gradient is unique to the Ediacaran Period and caused reversal of the oceanic meridional overturning circulation,with upwelling of anoxic, 13 C-depleted deep oceanic waters producing a deeply negative and protractedδ~(13)C_(carb) signature on late Ediacaran marine-shelf deposits.  相似文献   

岩浆与构造作用对洋壳厚度的影响——以西北印度洋为例     

宋珏琛  李江海  王志琛  刘持恒 《地球物理学报》2021,64(4):1266-1278

洋中脊及邻区洋盆的洋壳厚度能很好地反映区域岩浆补给特征,对于研究洋中脊内部及周缘岩浆活动和构造演化过程具有很好的指示意义.西北印度洋中脊作为典型的慢速扩张洋中脊,其扩张过程与周缘构造活动具有很强的时空关系.本文利用剩余地幔布格重力异常反演了西北印度洋洋壳厚度,由此分析区域内洋壳厚度分布和岩浆补给特征.研究发现,西北印度洋洋壳平均厚度为7.8 km,受区域构造背景影响厚度变化较大.根据洋壳厚度的统计学分布特征,将区域内洋壳分为三种类型:薄洋壳(小于4.5 km)、正常洋壳(4.5~6.5 km)和厚洋壳(大于6.5 km),根据西北印度洋中脊周缘(~40 Ma内)洋壳厚度变化特征可将洋中脊划分为5段,发现洋中脊洋壳厚度受区域构造活动和地幔温度所控制,其中薄洋壳主要受转换断层影响造成区域洋壳厚度减薄,而厚洋壳主要受地幔温度和地幔柱作用影响,并在S4洋中脊段显示出较强的热点与洋中脊相互作用,同时微陆块的裂解和漂移也可能是导致洋壳厚度差异的原因之一.  相似文献   

Exceptionally favourable life conditions for macrobenthos during the Late Cenomanian OAE-2 event: Ichnological record from the Bonarelli Level in the Grajcarek Unit,Polish Carpathians     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

Pelagic and hemipelagic sediments of the Bonarelli Level (uppermost Cenomanian) in the Sztolnia section (Grajcarek Unit, Polish Carpathians) contain trace fossils of the Zoophycos ichnofacies, including (in descending order of abundance): Chondrites (smaller and larger forms), Planolites, Thalassinoides, Palaeophycus, Taenidium, Teichichnus, and Zoophycos. They occur in thick bioturbated layers, which are interbedded with rare, thin layers of unbioturbated black shales. The black shale layers mark the Bonarelli Level and are interpreted as a record of anoxia or dysoxia. Coeval sections in the Western Tethys contain similar trace fossils but they are less abundant and these sections are characterized by thicker unbioturbated black shale layers and thinner bioturbated layers. This confirms the exceptionally favourable life conditions in sediments of the Sztolnia section, which do not record strong global anoxia during the OAE-2 event. Such favourable conditions were probably caused by effective oxygenation of pore waters and deep burial of organic matter, which are a consequence of high rates of accumulation and the palaeogeographical location of the section on a flank of a submarine high, under strong circulation.  相似文献   

淮河梅雨洪涝与西太平洋副热带高压季节推进异常   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

刘屹岷  洪洁莉  刘超  张鹏飞 《大气科学》2013,37(2):439-450

基于台站观测和卫星观测资料及再分析数据集,本文研究了6月淮河洪涝发生时中国东部降雨型及与雨带异常相联系的环流特征、环流的季节推进异常及其机理.结果发现6月淮河流域洪涝与亚洲环流和中国东部降水联合模态的第二模态密切相关.该模态在我国东部降水表现为以长江为界北增南减的“梅雨偶极型”分布,对应的低层风场呈现出倾斜的以台湾为界,以南西太平洋是异常气旋环流,以北为反气旋环流,即西太平洋副热带高压偏北,淮河流域上存在异常西南风;同时阿拉伯海上是异常反气旋,印度上空西风偏强、降水显著偏多.这些特征是东亚和西太平洋季风区季节推进超前的反映,且与前期春季澳大利亚东北向海域海洋热含量异常偏高显著相关.该关键区海洋热含量变化是太平洋热含量变化第一模态——三极型变化的一部分,即当菲律宾以东的西太平洋和澳大利亚东北向海域海洋热含量增加,赤道中东太平洋热含量减少.该三极型海洋热含量异常从春到夏信号稳定,它激发正感热加热异常控制菲律宾以东到夏威夷以北的广大热带—副热带西太平洋地区,其北侧黑潮延伸区为负感热区.两者共同作用激发出局地反气旋在北、气旋在南,使对流层低层西太平洋副热带高压偏北.因此春季三极型海洋热含量通过影响对流层低层西太平洋副热带高压异常北移对东亚—西太平洋季节推进提前和6月淮河梅雨洪涝发生起重要作用,可作为季节预测的前期因子之一.  相似文献   

西藏拉萨地体北部的前寒武纪高压变质作用及构造意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

严溶  张泽明  董昕  林彦蒿  刘峰 《岩石学报》2013,29(6):1949-1961

高压基性麻粒岩以石榴石-单斜辉石-斜长石-石英共生为特征,是研究大洋或大陆地壳俯冲-碰撞的最好载体之一.西藏拉萨地体北部高压基性麻粒岩以构造块体的形式出现在早古生代沉积岩中.高压麻粒岩的原岩是辉长岩,它经历了四期变质作用,从早到晚分别是:角闪岩相变质(0.9～1.0GPa和710～720℃)、高压麻粒岩相峰期(1.55～1.65GPa和730～740℃)、麻粒岩相(0.82GPa和821℃)和角闪岩相退变质(0.60～0.68GPa和520～540℃)作用.整个变质作用的P-T轨迹是顺时针型的,包括一个近等压降温的早期角闪岩相变质过程,近等温升压的晚期进变质过程,以及加温降压的早期退变质过程和降温降压的晚期退变质过程.这表明,高压基性麻粒岩形成在较高地热梯度条件下,并且经历了加热变质过程.因此,纳木错高压基性麻粒岩并不是形成在典型的洋壳俯冲带构造环境,洋中脊俯冲和地幔柱作用是其成因的可能构造控制因素.  相似文献   

A model of plate kinematics in Gondwana breakup   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Graeme Eagles  Matthias König 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(2):703-717

  相似文献   

Mesoscale features and phytoplankton biomass at the GoodHope line in the Southern Ocean during austral summer     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):511-524

Two sets of high-resolution subsurface hydrographic and underway surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) measurements are used, in conjunction with satellite remotely sensed data, to investigate the upper layer oceanography (mesoscale features and mixed layer depth variability) and phytoplankton biomass at the GoodHope line south of Africa, during the 2010–2011 austral summer. The link between physical parameters of the upper ocean, specifically frontal activity, to the spatially varying in situ and satellite measurements of Chl a concentrations is investigated. The observations provide evidence to show that the fronts act to both enhance phytoplankton biomass as well as to delimit regions of similar chlorophyll concentrations, although the front–chlorophyll relationships become obscure towards the end of the growing season due to bloom advection and ‘patchy’ Chl a behaviour. Satellite ocean colour measurements are compared to in situ chlorophyll measurements to assess the disparity between the two sampling techniques. The scientific value of the time-series of oceanographic observations collected at the GoodHope line between 2004 to present is being realised. Continued efforts in this programme are essential to better understand both the physical and biogeochemical dynamics of the upper ocean in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

Leaf litter decomposition in remote oceanic islands: The role of macroinvertebrates vs. microbial decomposition of native vs. exotic plant species     

《Limnologica》2014

Freshwater communities on remote oceanic islands can be depauperate due to the influence of biogeographic processes that operate over a range of spatial scales, influencing the colonization of organisms, and events that shape local freshwater assemblages. The consequences of this paucity in organism diversity for the functioning of these ecosystems are, however, not well understood.Here, we examine the relative decomposition rate of leaf litter of native vs. exotic origin by aquatic macroinvertebrates and microbial communities in an isolated and depauperate oceanic environment.Bags containing a standard amount of leaf litter of each of 10 tree species (5 native and 5 non-native species) were deployed on two streams. Two types of bags differing in mesh size were used to allow or prevent the access of leaf litter to macroinvertebrates, respectively. Over a period of 28 days, mass loss of leaf litter was similar in the two bag types suggesting that macroinvertebrates had little influence on the break down of leaf litter in this system. In addition, there was no difference in mass loss of leaf litter of native and exotic origin. Decomposition rates were highly species-specific suggesting that decomposition rates were related to inhibitory substance specific of each leaf species. Our results add to the wider literature by showing that in depauperate and isolated ecosystems, and in contrast to temperate continental ecosystems, decomposition of plant litter by aquatic macroinvertebrates is negligible.  相似文献