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1.
柴北缘都兰高压麻粒岩的变质演化及形成的动力学背景 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
在柴北缘-阿尔金HP/UHP变质带东端,新识别出一个高压麻粒岩单元.高压基性麻粒岩是高压麻粒岩单元的主体,还包括少量高压中酸性麻粒岩.高压基性麻粒岩主要由平衡共生的石榴子石、单斜辉石、斜长石组成,还含有不等量的蓝晶石、角闪石、石英、金红石、黝帘石/斜黝帘石、钛铁矿、方柱石等矿物.高压长英质麻粒岩主要包括石榴子石、蓝晶石、钾长石、斜长石、石英等矿物,并具有少量的单斜辉石和角闪石.岩石学和矿物学数据显示高压麻粒岩经历了多阶段的变质演化,温压计算获得峰期高压麻粒岩相的变质条件为1.40～1.85GPa和800～925℃.退变质高角闪岩相的变质条件为P=0.80～1.05GPa和T=580～695℃：进一步的退变质作用发生在低角闪岩相/绿片岩相条件下(<0.8GPa和<550℃).岩石学、矿物学及年代学资料研究表明都兰地区的高压麻粒岩具有与相邻榴辉岩不同的变质演化历史,而不是榴辉岩在抬升过程中热松弛作用所致.高压麻粒岩可能形成于与陆壳俯冲相关的造山带增厚的陆壳根部环境,形成的深度为50～70km. 相似文献
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山东半岛基性高压麻粒岩的成因矿物学及变质演化 总被引：27，自引：22，他引：5
在山东半岛的平度-莱西-莱阳-烟台一带,广泛出露基性高压麻粒岩,它们呈大小不等的透镜体或不规则脉状体产于TTG片麻岩中,且与超镁铁质岩石密切"伴生"。根据岩相学、矿物相转变、变质反应以及温压条件的系统研究结果,确定山东半岛基性高压麻粒岩经历了四个阶段的变质演化。早期进变质阶段(M1)的标志性矿物组合以石榴石及其内部的细粒单斜辉石+斜长石±石英为特征,记录的温压条件为T=740～770℃、P=0.9～1.0GPa;峰期高压麻粒岩相变质阶段(M2)的矿物组合以基质中石榴石(富Ca核部)+单斜辉石(富Al核部)+斜长石(富Na核部)±石英为特征,记录的温压条件为T=850～880℃、P=1.45～1.65GPa;峰后近等温减压(中压)麻粒岩相退变质阶段(M3),以发生一系列典型减压反应和斜方辉石的大量出现为标志,典型的矿物组合为斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+磁铁矿±角闪石,记录的温压条件为T=780～830℃、P=0.65～0.85GPa;晚期角闪岩相退变质阶段(M4)以石榴石发生降温反应、形成角闪石+斜长石+磁铁矿±石英等退变矿物组合为特征,记录的温压条件为T=590～650℃、P=0.62～0.82GPa。高压基性麻粒岩的变质演化的P-T轨迹具有顺时针型式,先后经历了近等温减压过程(ITD)和近等压降温过程(IBC)变质演化过程,指示研究区基性高压麻粒岩是古老陆块之间在俯冲-碰撞造山过程中加厚下地壳折返地表的产物。该项成果对于重新认识华北克拉通在早前寒武纪古老陆块的碰撞-拼贴及其演化的动力学过程具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
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东秦岭松树沟高压变质基性岩石及其退变质作用的PTt演化轨迹 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
在北秦岭商南松树沟出露的高压变质基性岩石，包括高压基性麻粒岩和石榴单斜辉石岩，遭受了从中压麻粒岩相、高角闪岩相到绿帘角闪岩相的连续的退变质作用的改造。这些岩石形成的温度为８２６℃～８８７℃，压力约为１．４０～１．５８ＧＰａ，其不同退变质阶段的温压条件依次分别是７６５℃～８２５℃和约１．０３～１．１４ＧＰａ、６５０℃～７５０℃和约０．９ＧＰａ以及４００℃～５００℃和约０．５～０．６ＧＰａ。它们共同构成一个早期近等温降压（ＩＴＤ）和晚期降温降压的顺时针ＰＴｔ演化轨迹。结合高压岩石９８３±１４０Ｍａ的退变质年龄和松树沟残存的蛇绿岩片考虑，这些高压岩石的形成和抬升与秦岭造山带中、晚元古宙时期洋壳的俯冲、消减和陆块碰撞伴随的快速构造上升作用有关。 相似文献
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造山带中成对出现的高压麻粒岩与榴辉岩及其地球动力学意义 总被引：18，自引：13，他引：5
在一些典型碰撞造山带中,高压麻粒岩与榴辉岩在空间和时间上密切相关,它们之间的关系对揭示碰撞造山带的造山过程和造山机制具有重要意义.本文以中国西部的南阿尔金、柴北缘及中部的北秦岭造山带为例,详细陈述了这3个地区榴辉岩和相关的高压麻粒岩的野外关系、变质演化和形成时代,目的是要建立大陆碰撞造山带中榴辉岩和相关高压麻粒岩形成的地球动力学背景模式.南阿尔金榴辉岩呈近东西向分布在江尕勒萨依,玉石矿沟一带,与含夕线石副片麻岩、花岗质片麻岩和少量大理岩构成榴辉岩一片麻岩单元,榴辉岩中含有柯石英假象,其峰期变质条件为P=2.8～3.0GPa,T=730～850℃,并在抬升过程中经历了角闪岩-麻粒岩相的叠加;大量年代学研究显示其峰期变质时代为485～500Ma.南阿尔金高压麻粒岩分布在巴什瓦克地区,包括高压基性麻粒岩和高压长英质麻粒岩,它们与超基性岩构成了一个大约5km宽的构造岩石单元,与周围角闪岩相的片麻岩为韧性剪切带接触.长英质麻粒岩和基性麻粒岩的峰期组合均具有蓝晶石和三元长石(已变成条纹长石),形成的温压条件为T=930～1020℃,P=1.8～2.5GPa,并在退变质过程中经历了中压麻粒岩相变质作用叠加.锆石SHRIMP测定显示巴什瓦克高压麻粒岩的峰期变质时代为493～497Ma.都兰地区的榴辉岩分布柴北缘HP-UHP变质带的东端,在榴辉岩和围岩副片麻岩中均发现有柯石英保存,形成的峰期温压条件为T=670～730℃和P=2.7～3.25GPa,退变质阶段经过了角闪岩相的叠加;榴辉岩相变质时代为420～450Mao都兰地区的高压麻粒岩分布在阿尔茨托山西部,高压麻粒岩包括基性麻粒岩长英质麻粒岩,基性麻粒岩的峰期矿物组合为Grt+Cpx+Pl±Ky±Zo+Rt±Qtz,长英质麻粒岩的峰期矿物组合为：Grt+Kf+Ky+Pl+Qtz.峰期变质条件为T=800～925℃,P=1.4～1.85GPa,退变质阶段经历了角闪岩-绿片岩的改造,高压麻粒岩的变质时代为420～450Ma.北秦岭榴辉岩分布在官坡-双槐树一带,榴辉岩的峰期变质组合为Grt+Omp±Phe+Qtz+Rt,所计算的峰期温压条件为T=680～770℃和P=2.25～2.65GPa,年代学数据显示榴辉岩的变质时代为500Ma左右.北秦岭高压麻粒岩分布在含榴辉岩单元的南侧松树沟一带,包括高压基性麻粒岩和高压长英质麻粒岩,与超基性岩在空间上密切伴生,高压麻粒岩的峰期温压条件为T=850～925℃,P=1.45～1.80GPa,锆石U-Pb年代学研究显示其峰期变质时代为485～507Ma.以上三个实例显示,出现在同一造山带、在空间上伴生的高压麻粒岩和榴辉岩有各自不同的变质演化历史,但榴辉岩中的榴辉岩相变质时代和相邻的高压麻粒岩中的高压麻粒岩相变质作用时代相同或相近,这种成对出现的榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩代表了它们同时形成在造山带中不同的构造环境中,即榴辉岩的形成于大陆俯冲带中,而高压麻粒岩可能形成在俯冲带之上增厚的大陆地壳根部. 相似文献
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西藏定结高喜马拉雅石榴辉石岩-镁铁质麻粒岩的岩石特征及其地质意义 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
在高喜马拉雅带的定日县曲当—扎乡一带出露的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中, 发现了高压变质的石榴辉石岩及其降压变质的镁铁质麻粒岩组合, 早期高压条件下形成的石榴辉石岩矿物组合为Grt+Cpx (富铝) +Ru+Q, 斜长石已完全消失, 形成温度为845~896℃, 压力大于1.2GPa, 已达到榴辉岩相的压力条件.中期的麻粒岩相组合为Opx+Pl±Cpx±Ga, 其中Opx、Cpx和Pl为石榴石的后成合晶, 形成温度为993~776℃, 压力为0.90~1.21GPa, 为中压麻粒岩相产物, 晚期矿物仅见普通角闪石、斜长石和石英, 是角闪岩相退变质的产物, 表明HHC经历了降压升温-降压降温的快速抬升过程, 证明其抬升作用与地幔热源的参与有关. 相似文献
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南阿尔金造山带是目前报道的具有最深俯冲记录的大陆超高压变质带,其内出露有高压-超高温麻粒岩,它们对深入理解大陆地壳岩石超深俯冲与折返过程具有重要意义.介绍了对南阿尔金巴什瓦克地区长英质麻粒岩和基性麻粒岩的岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟及锆石U-Pb年代学研究成果.其中基性麻粒岩主要记录了深俯冲大陆地壳折返过程的变质演化:包括高压榴辉岩相、高压-超高温麻粒岩相、低压-超高温麻粒岩相及随后的近等压降温演化阶段;长英质麻粒岩除了记录与基性麻粒岩相似的折返过程外,还记录了从角闪岩相到超高压榴辉岩相的进变质演化过程.结合已有研究资料,确定超高压榴辉岩阶段峰期条件> 7~9 GPa和>1 000℃,可达到斯石英稳定域.锆石年代学显示两种岩石类型的原岩和变质年龄均分别在900 Ma和500 Ma左右.变质作用与年代学研究表明,南阿尔金大陆地壳岩石在早古生代发生超深俯冲至200~300 km后,折返至加厚地壳底部发生高压-超高温变质作用,随后被快速抬升至地壳浅部发生低压-超高温变质作用并经历迅速冷却. 相似文献
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喜马拉雅造山带中段出露的基性麻粒岩是理解印度大陆前喜马拉雅期演化历史和新生代碰撞造山作用的理想研究对象。本文对亚东多庆湖地区的石榴角闪岩进行了岩石学、全岩主微量元素地球化学和锆石U- Pb年代学研究,揭示了其原岩类型和新生代的变质作用过程。石榴角闪岩的原岩很可能为新元古代(~890 Ma)的玄武岩,具有E- MORB型岩石的地球化学特征。石榴角闪岩具有三期矿物组合：① 进变质矿物组合可能为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英,即石榴子石核部及其中包裹体;② 峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+石英,即石榴子石边部和基质矿物;③ 退变质矿物组合为角闪石+斜方辉石+斜长石+黑云母+石英,包括退变质域和石榴子石边部的后成合晶矿物。矿物温压计和相平衡模拟表明,石榴角闪岩进变质、峰期和退变质条件分别为609~621℃和0. 59~0. 65 GPa、805~845℃和0. 91~1. 04 GPa、825~840℃和0. 61~0. 68 GPa,经历了峰期高压麻粒岩相的变质作用。锆石U- Pb年代学研究表明,石榴角闪岩的峰期变质时间为34. 8~20. 3 Ma,退变质时间为18. 1~17. 7 Ma,可能经历了一个较长期的部分熔融过程。本文研究认为,亚东石榴角闪岩是印度板块向欧亚板块长期俯冲、地壳增厚成因的基性麻粒岩,原岩可能与Rodinia超大陆拼合相关;其以加热埋藏、近等温降压为特征的顺时针P- T轨迹指示了喜马拉雅造山带中段的大喜马拉雅岩系上部构造层位经历了长期持续的地壳增厚和高温麻粒岩相变质作用,以及早中新世(21~17 Ma)相对快速的减压抬升和随后(17 Ma之后)相对缓慢的折返至地表的演化过程。 相似文献
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胶北地块早元古代钙硅酸盐岩与高压基性麻粒岩成因及地质意义 总被引：11，自引：11，他引：0
胶北地块发育一套早元古代变质杂岩,主要由浅变质到中高级变质的滨海相至浅海相的沉积岩系列组成,属于胶-辽-吉构造活动带的一部分。其中具有顺时针变质作用PT轨迹的高压基性麻粒岩和高压泥质麻粒岩指示了造成该带闭合的碰撞构造过程。本文研究与高压基性麻粒岩密切共生的钙硅酸盐岩。首先根据矿物反应关系研究,确定钙硅酸盐岩是由含石榴石的基性麻粒岩经钙质交代形成的。进一步采用残留单斜辉石-石榴石组合、退变矿物组合,并根据SACMF体系矿物组合演化的PT视剖面图,计算得出钙硅酸盐岩经历了早期温压条件为780~850℃、1.0~1.1GPa的变质作用和晚期温压条件为400~650℃、0.6~0.75GPa的退变质作用和交代作用,从而得出顺时针的P-T轨迹。这一结果表明,钙硅酸盐岩形成于陆-陆碰撞过程的晚期阶段,是高压基性麻粒岩在折返过程中经历退变质和Ca质交代联合作用的结果。钙硅酸盐岩的形成机制及其与石榴石基性麻粒岩原岩的成因联系的确立,丰富了对于碰撞变质地块抬升过程及其岩石学效应的认识。 相似文献
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新疆北山盐滩断裂南一带从原划奥陶-志留系地层中解体出古老的角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质岩和变质侵入岩体,主要岩性为黑云母斜长片麻岩、条带状混合岩、斜长角闪岩、及少量变粒岩、麻粒岩等。其中首次发现了代表中、下地壳深变质作用的中-高压基性麻粒岩。详细的野外调查、岩相学及矿物学研究表明,该基性麻粒岩主要由透辉石、紫苏辉石、褐色普通角闪石及拉长石组成。其演化经历了由麻粒岩相岩石经退变质反应而成为角闪岩相变质岩的过程。研究表明,该区麻粒岩中的单斜辉石及角闪石矿物学成因均属于变质成因,其中单斜辉石形成环境为高压型,而角闪石形成环境为中低压环境。麻粒岩相变质岩形成于约1.25GPa(42km埋深)以下的中高压-高压环境,其形成温度约841℃;而退变质作用下的角闪岩相变质岩应形成于650~657℃的温度范围之内,压力为0.460~0.495GPa之间,相应的代表埋深约为16.5km的中低压型环境。该区高级变质岩及其基性麻粒岩的发现,将对该区地壳成分、麻粒岩的成因与变质作用以及所处的大地构造背景演化等研究无疑将起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
Stephen K. Donovan David A.T. Harper Roger W. Portell Willem Renema 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
The Late Oligocene oyster Hyotissa antiguensis (Brown) is locally common in the Antigua Formation of Hughes Point, eastern Antigua, Lesser Antilles; it was not commonly bored at that time. Its valves and shells are robust, and reworked into the shallow water near-shore environment in Antigua; it could potentially be incorporated into younger rocks. Its neoichnology includes clues that would facilitate identification of these oysters as reworked fossils. The suite of modern borings found in these specimens includes common Caulostrepsis taeniola Clarke, Gastrochaenolites isp. cf. G. turbinatus Kelly and Bromley and Entobia isp., and rare Oichnus simplex Bromley and Rogerella? isp. The latter three taxa are limited to oyster shell substrates. Of the common ichnotaxa, Caulostrepsis and Gastrochaenolites are particularly prominent in limestone clasts and limestone cemented to oyster shells, which would be an indicator of reworking if found in a post-Oligocene lithified deposit. Caulostrepsis and Gastrochaenolites are relatively less common in oyster shells and valves, and in many specimens are seen to terminate against the shell. Entobia is the only common boring limited to the shell substrate. The fidelity of preservation of modern borings is also superior in limestone clasts. This suite of borings is comparable with those found in the Neogene of the Antillean region. 相似文献
12.
Fabien Knoll Gilles Cuny Pierre-Olivier Mojon Raquel López-Antoñanzas 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
The palaeontological content (charophytes and vertebrates) of organic-rich layers from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Grands Causses at Mostuéjouls (Aveyron, France) has been examined. It is rich in gyrogonites of Porochara douzensis. The vertebrates of the lower layer include a single hybodontiform tooth, “semionotiform” teeth and scales, and one pycnodontiform tooth whereas the upper layer has yielded one hybodontiform tooth, a variety of actinopterygian remains (mostly Caturus sp. and indeterminate pycnodontiforms) and a few possible reptile remains. The variation in fauna between the two layers is ascribed to a different degree of marine influence. 相似文献
13.
Stephen K. Donovan James Isted 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
Nineteenth-century references to clavate borings in woody substrates in the Lower Greensand of the Isle of Wight used a variety of names, but Teredo (a wood-boring bivalve, not a boring), Teredolithes (a junior synonym of Teredolites) and Gastrochaena (a bivalve borer of rock and shelly substrates, not a boring in wood) are all nomenclatorially incorrect. Borings in a beach clast derived from the Lower Greensand Group and recently collected from Sandown Bay, Isle of Wight, are referred to Teredolites isp. cf. T. longissimus Kelly and Bromley. This specimen confirms the presence of Teredolites in the Lower Greensand Group and demonstrates a common ichnological problem of beach clasts; borings, either fossil or modern, are incompletely preserved, making confident classification below the level of ichnogenus problematic. 相似文献
14.
15.
The origin of the genus Bos is a debated issue. From ∼ 0.5 Ma until historic times, the genus is well known in the Eurasian large mammal assemblages, where it is represented by Bos primigenius. This species has a highly derived cranial anatomy that shows important morphological differences from other Plio-Pleistocene Eurasian genera of the tribe Bovini such as Leptobos, Bison, Proamphibos-Hemibos, and Bubalus. The oldest clear evidence of Bos is the skull fragment ASB-198-1 from the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.6-0.8 Ma) site of Asbole (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia). The first appearance of Bos in Europe is at the site of Venosa-Notarchirico, Italy (∼ 0.5-0.6 Ma). Although the origin of Bos has traditionally been connected with Leptobos and Bison, after a detailed anatomical and morphometric study we propose here a different origin, connecting the middle Pleistocene Eurasian forms of B. primigenius with the African Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene large size member of the tribe Bovini Pelorovis sensu stricto. The dispersal of the Bos lineage in Western Europe during middle Pleistocene times seems to coincide with the arrival of the Acheulean tool technology in this continent. 相似文献
16.
Indigofera melanadenia and Tephrosia longipes plant species, collected from Cu–Ni mining area, were evaluated for accumulation of Cu and Ni. The total and bioavailable concentrations of Cu and Ni in the host soils were also determined. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used for all metal determinations. The total and bioavailable concentrations of Cu in the soils were in the range 900–9000 μg/g and 200–2000 μg/g respectively. For Ni, the total and bioavailable concentrations were in the range 900–2000 μg/g and ∼ 40–100 μg/g respectively. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in the leaves of I. melanadenia were higher than in the roots with a range 80–130 μg/g in the leaves and 20–80 μg/g in the roots for Cu and a range of 150–200 μg/g in the leaves and 20–60 μg/g in the roots for Ni. Concentration of Cu in T. longipes was in the range of 37–240 μg/g and 150–200 μg/g in the leaves and roots respectively while the concentration of Ni was 80–140 μg/g in the leaves and 25–100 μg/g in the roots. Results indicate that both species have a potential for accumulating Cu and Ni. Translocation factor, a ratio of shoots to roots metal concentration, was used to evaluate the translocation properties of the plants from roots to shoots. Translocation factors of the plants were ≥ 1 suggesting efficient translocation of metals from roots to shoots. 相似文献
17.
Vegetation and climate change on the Bolivian Altiplano between 108,000 and 18,000 yr ago 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alex Chepstow-Lusty Mark B. Bush Paul A. Baker Sherilyn C. Fritz James Aronson 《Quaternary Research》2005,63(1):90-98
A 90,000-yr record of environmental change before 18,000 cal yr B.P. has been constructed using pollen analyses from a sediment core obtained from Salar de Uyuni (3653 m above sea level) on the Bolivian Altiplano. The sequence consists of alternating mud and salt, which reflect shifts between wet and dry periods. Low abundances of aquatic species between 108,000 and 50,000 yr ago (such as Myriophyllum and Isoëtes) and marked fluctuations in Pediastrum suggest generally dry conditions dominated by saltpans. Between 50,000 yr ago and 36,000 cal yr B.P., lacustrine sediments become increasingly dominant. The transition to the formation of paleolake “Minchin” begins with marked rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum, suggesting a lake of moderate depth. Similarly, between 36,000 and 26,000 cal yr B.P., the transition to paleolake Tauca is also initiated by rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum; the sustained presence of Isoëtes indicates the development of flooded littoral communities associated with a lake maintained at a higher water level. Polylepis tarapacana-dominated communities were probably an important component of the Altiplano terrestrial vegetation during much of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and previous wet phases. 相似文献
18.
William T. Blows Kerri Honeysett 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
A new partial skeleton of the armoured ornithischian dinosaur Polacanthus found in the Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian stage) of Bexhill, Sussex is the oldest recorded occurrence of this taxon. Previous discoveries suggested that at least two armoured ornithischians occur in the Wealden succession: Polacanthus, which was mostly restricted to the Barremian, and Hylaeosaurus, which was recorded as present only in the Valanginian. The new discovery extends the stratigraphic range of Polacanthus into the Valanginian. Although these two taxa appear to be closely similar anatomically, their osteology now suggests they are not synonymous. The new specimen includes the first known jugal as well as a comparatively rare polacanthid plate/spine (splate) which probably comes from the shoulder (pectoral) area of these animals. 相似文献
19.
缅甸硬玉岩地区的热液型钠长石岩 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
产于俯冲带内的低温高压带的由单矿物构成的硬玉岩通常伴有钠长石岩,目前对于硬玉岩研究的关注度较高,而对于钠长石岩则相对较低,很少有相关论文报导.产于缅甸翡翠矿区的钠长石岩,经常与硬玉岩相伴而生,是良好的研究样品.钠长石岩的主要矿物成分是低温钠长石,其次含有硬玉、绿辉石、透辉石等辉石类矿物和钠透闪石、蓝透闪石、镁钠闪石等闪石类矿物,此外还有钠沸石等.钠长石沿着解理和裂隙交代硬玉,说明钠长石形成晚于硬玉岩.钠长岩中的主要组成矿物钠长石的形成温度小于300℃,且其形成压力小于0.5kb,推测是在硬玉岩抬升程中通过交代与沉淀作用形成.其内的透辉石有两种类型,一类可能是被交代的硬玉中的透辉石组分会渐进增加,最终形成透辉石.另一类是被绿辉石包裹的透辉石残留,其很有可能是早期来自地幔楔或者俯冲带岩石中的矿物残留,即异剥钙榴岩或辉石岩类,可以视作硬玉化绿辉石岩和硬玉化异剥钙榴岩的矿物学证据.热液型钠长石岩的存在进一步说明缅甸翡翠矿区钠化热液存在现象的普遍性与穿越性. 相似文献
20.
The hatchling sizes of the Cretaceous nautiloids (Hercoglossa forbesianus and Cimomia angustus; Hercoglossidae) are reported here for the first time as ranging between 20.4-22.2 mm in diameter. These new data for Hercoglossidae and the previously reported data for Nautilidae and Cymatoceratidae suggest that all Cretaceous nautiloids had large hatchlings irrespective of their taxonomy relative to those in ammonoids. Based on the relationship between hatching events and the nepionic constriction in modern nautili, the hatchling size of nautiloids can be recognized by the constriction on the shell surface of the innermost whorl. The range of hatchling diameter in all Cretaceous nautiloids (9-35 mm) is comparable to those of modern nautili (20-32 mm), although the Cretaceous nautiloids are characterized by a wider range with the smaller minimum diameter. The large hatchling size in Cretaceous nautiloids stands in marked contrast to those in ammonoids, which had much smaller hatchling size (mostly <2 mm in diameter) and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Such distinct differences in reproductive strategy (i.e., hatchling and egg sizes) suggest that these differences may have played a significant role in the fate of ammonoids and nautiloids through the K/T mass extinction, as previously hypothesized by several paleontologists. 相似文献