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1.
为探讨扬子克拉通古元古代变质作用特征及其形成的构造背景,对黄陵穹窿北部石榴斜长角闪岩开展了岩相学、地球化学和年代学研究。结果表明,石榴斜长角闪岩中主要矿物有石榴子石、斜长石、角闪石、单斜辉石、石英、钛铁矿等,其中保留有3个阶段的不同变质期次的矿物组合,进变质矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿,峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+单斜辉石+石英+钛铁矿,退变质矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿。石榴斜长角闪岩原岩为亚碱性玄武岩,属于拉斑系列,Mg#较低,表明其原岩经历了一定程度的分异作用。使用传统地质温压计计算不同变质阶段的温压条件分别为：进变质阶段,t=596～625℃,p=0.70～0.82 GPa;峰期变质阶段,t≈760℃,p≈1.35 GPa;退变质阶段,t=692～738℃,p=0.68～0.74 GPa,并建立了一条顺时针的p-t轨迹,显示出先升温升压至峰期阶段,随后发生近等温减压的过程。这一p-t轨迹体现了汇聚板块边缘俯冲-碰撞的构造背景,对石榴斜长角闪岩中的锆石进行U-Pb定年,获得了2 008±11 Ma的谐和年龄,并结合该... 相似文献
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喜马拉雅东构造结高压麻粒岩PT轨迹、锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喜马拉雅东构造结出露了一套基性高压麻粒岩,其峰期矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+石英+金红石+斜长石,利用相平衡计算其峰期温压条件为904℃、1.37GPa,利用锆石U-Pb定年方法确定其变质年龄为20.7±2.3Ma。角闪斜方辉石麻粒岩为其第一阶段退变产物,其变质矿物组合为斜方辉石+角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿+磁铁矿,温压条件为压力小于0.6GPa,温度为720~760℃。角闪岩相退变矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿+磁铁矿,温度小于745℃,压力小于0.6GPa。在角闪斜方辉石麻粒岩中变质锆石获得的定年结果为9.38±0.22M,根据锆石中角闪石+斜长石+石英的矿物包体特征,确定该年龄代表角闪岩相退变质年龄。据此,确定了喜马拉雅东构造结基性高压麻粒岩的PTt轨迹为顺时针2阶段折返过程,即第一阶段发生在20Ma左右的由高压麻粒岩相到角闪岩相退变阶段,第二阶段发生在9Ma左右的从角闪岩相深度折返到地表的阶段,计算得到其折返速率分别为2.4mm/y和2.3mm/y,这2个阶段的折返与目前通常认为的青藏高原2个主要抬升阶段是基本一致的。 相似文献
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文中对拉萨地块东南缘林芝杂岩中的含榴斜长角闪岩进行了详细的岩相学研究和锆石U-Pb定年。岩相学观察表明,含榴斜长角闪岩经历了峰期麻粒岩相变质和角闪岩相退变质作用。峰期麻粒岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+高Ti角闪石+紫苏辉石+斜长石+石英+金红石,其中的石榴子石、石英和角闪石中含有大量金红石出溶体,说明这些矿物的初始成分具有高Ti含量。角闪岩相退变质矿物组合为低Ti角闪石+斜长石+斜黝帘石+石英+金红石。利用Ti在石英中的含量(TitaniQ)温度计计算得到峰期麻粒岩相变质温度为803～924℃,后期角闪岩相退变质温度为555～732℃。样品中的锆石具有明显的核边结构,核部为典型岩浆型锆石,具有高的Th/U值,强烈富集HREE,明显的正Ce异常和负Eu异常,206Pb/238U年龄为(89.3±0.6)Ma,代表含榴斜长角闪岩原岩结晶年龄。锆石边部呈无环带结构,同核部相比,具有低的Th/U值,低的M-HREE和弱的Eu负异常,为变质峰期生长的锆石,206Pb/238U年龄为(81.1±0.8)Ma,代表麻粒岩相峰期变质年龄。我们认为约81Ma高温麻粒岩相变质作用可能与洋中脊俯冲造成的板片窗导致的软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
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东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩中存在典型的泥质、长英质和基性高压麻粒岩。但是,高压麻粒岩在南迦巴瓦杂岩中的分布范围、变质条件和变质时间是否存在空间上的变化并不明确。本文对南迦巴瓦杂岩西南部巴嘎地区的高压基性麻粒岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究。研究表明,巴嘎高压基性麻粒岩由石榴子石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石、黑云母和石英组成,石榴子石变斑晶发育生长成分环带。识别出三期矿物组合：进变质矿物组合M1为石榴子石变斑晶核部及其矿物包裹体,包括石榴子石、石英、榍石和磷灰石;峰期矿物组合M2为变斑晶石榴子石边部和基质矿物,即石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+金红石+熔体;退变质矿物组合M3呈冠状体或基质产出,其组合为角闪石+斜长石+单斜辉石+黑云母+石英+榍石。高压基性麻粒岩的峰期变质条件约为1. 5 GPa和915 ℃,具有顺时针P- T轨迹,退变质的早期和晚期分别为近等温降压和降温降压过程。高压基性麻粒岩在峰期条件下发生了明显的部分熔融,含~26%（体积）的熔体,其退变质和熔体结晶作用很可能发生在26~14 Ma。本文和研究区现有研究成果表明,东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩中的高压麻粒岩广泛分布,从东北部的加拉、直白和派乡延伸到西南部的巴嘎沟,形成了一条长度超过80 km的高压麻粒岩带。整个带中的高压麻粒岩具有类似的变质条件和持续时间,是印度大陆地壳平缓俯冲并经历了高温和高压变质与部分熔融的产物,构成了喜马拉雅造山带的加厚下地壳。大量高压麻粒岩强烈部分熔融产生的熔体可能为喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩提供了源区。 相似文献
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辽东半岛北部三家子石榴斜长角闪岩变质演化P-T-t轨迹及其地质意义:来自相平衡模拟与锆石U-Pb定年的约束 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
石榴斜长角闪岩常蕴含着丰富的变质反应结构,对古元古代造山带构造热演化过程研究具有十分重要的科学意义。胶-辽-吉带辽东半岛北部三家子地区出露的石榴斜长角闪岩,主要以岩脉的形式顺层侵入至南辽河群(里尔峪岩组)含黑云母的斜长片麻岩之中。三家子石榴斜长角闪岩以发育典型的"白眼圈"结构为特征,并保留了三个不同演化阶段矿物组合,峰前矿物组合为分布于石榴子石内部细粒包体矿物,主要包括角闪石+石英+磁铁矿+钛铁矿(M_1);峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+单斜辉石+斜长石(An=44~45)+石英+钛铁矿(M_2);峰后退变质阶段矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石(An=64~90)+石英+钛铁矿+磁铁矿+榍石(M_3)。相平衡模拟与矿物对地质温压计算表明,三家子石榴斜长角闪岩峰前变质阶段(M_1)、峰期变质阶段(M_2)与峰后退变质阶段(M_3)稳定的P-T条件分别为:P=0.68~0.72GPa、T=570~600℃,P=0.98~1.01GPa、T=690~710℃,P=0.52~0.61GPa、T=670~700℃。锆石矿物包体扫描电镜分析、锆石CL图像分析与锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb定年的综合研究表明,三家子石榴斜长角闪岩原岩形成时代为2.17~2.06Ga之间;近峰期高压角闪岩相变质的时代为1.96~1.94Ga;峰后近等温减压中-低压角闪岩相退变质时代为1.92~1.83Ga,记录该组年龄的变质锆石微区含有典型的中-低压角闪岩相矿物包体(角闪石+斜长石(An=60~90)+石英+磷灰石)。综合以上分析,本文初步认为三家子石榴斜长角闪岩具有顺时针P-T-t轨迹,其主要特点是从M_1到M_3表现为升温升压的变质过程,并达到变质作用的峰期阶段,峰后开始表现为近等温减压的变质过程,随后可能表现为冷却降温的退化变质过程。因此,它们与胶-辽-吉带古元古代造山作用有关的构造增厚作用有密切关系。 相似文献
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喜马拉雅造山带是目前最年轻的仍处于碰撞阶段的陆陆碰撞造山带。高喜马拉雅结晶岩系内产出的（退变）榴辉岩记录了印度板块俯冲和折返的重要信息。本文对中喜马拉雅日玛那地区的（退变）榴辉岩进行了岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石年代学研究,确定了其变质演化、原岩性质及构造背景。日玛那榴辉岩呈透镜状或岩墙状与花岗片麻岩接触,基于矿物组合识别出3个变质阶段：(1)峰期榴辉岩相：石榴子石+绿辉石+多硅白云母+金红石+石英;(2)高压麻粒岩相：以单斜辉石+斜长石后成合晶、黑云母+斜长石的后成合晶为代表;(3)角闪岩相：以基质中角闪石的大量出现为特征。锆石U-Pb定年给出两期年龄,峰期榴辉岩相锆石年龄为约15.5～14 Ma,具平坦的HREE分配模式,缺失Eu负异常,麻粒岩相的年龄约为12 Ma,锆石显著富集HREE,并呈现出Eu负异常的特征,指示石榴子石分解和斜长石生长。矿物温压计限定日玛那榴辉岩峰期变质条件为约730℃、1.9～2.1 GPa。榴辉岩记录了顺时针的变质p-T轨迹,从峰期榴辉岩相经近等温快速降压至麻粒岩相,最后降温降压至角闪岩相。另外,日玛那榴辉岩的原岩为亚碱性玄武岩并沿着拉斑玄武岩趋势演化,地... 相似文献
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北天山西部温泉岩群中新发现的石榴角闪岩对于研究中亚造山带的形成与演化具有重要意义。详细的岩相学和相平衡模拟的结果表明,石榴角闪岩的变质演化过程可以划分为三个阶段:(1)升温升压进变质阶段,以石榴子石中包裹绿帘石为特征,矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿+绿帘石,峰期变质条件为700℃/9. 6kbar,可能发生的变质反应为角闪石+绿帘石+石英→石榴子石+斜长石+水;(2)近等温降压退变质阶段,以石榴子石周围发育由"斜长石+石英+角闪石"组成的"白眼圈"结构为特征,可能发生的变质反应为石榴子石+石英+水→角闪石+斜长石;(3)降温降压退变质阶段,以石榴子石发育绿泥石化为特征。结合前人研究成果,推测石榴角闪岩形成于晚奥陶世古亚洲洋俯冲消减的环境中。 相似文献
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喜马拉雅造山带核部的变质作用与部分熔融:亚东地区高压泥质麻粒岩的岩石学与年代学研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
喜马拉雅造山带核部的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系是印度大陆深俯冲到欧亚板块之下经历了高压变质作用的产物,记录了喜马拉雅造山带的形成与演化历史。本文对喜马拉雅造山带中段亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中的泥质麻粒岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明泥质麻粒岩经历了复杂的变质演化和部分熔融,可识别出三期变质矿物组合。早期进变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母+石英,峰期变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+蓝晶石+石英,晚期退变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+夕线石+黑云母+白云母+石英。相平衡模拟表明,该泥质麻粒岩经历了高温、高压的峰期变质条件为800~835℃和12.8~14kbar,在进变质和峰期变质过程中经历了白云母和黑云母脱水熔融,所形成的熔体量至少为5%~8%。麻粒岩的晚期退变质条件为720~740℃和7.6~8.3kbar。这表明泥质麻粒岩经历了一条以高压麻粒岩相峰期变质和降温、降压退变质为特征的顺时针P-T轨迹。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,麻粒岩相变质和深熔作用发生在28.5~17.0Ma。本研究表明高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的上部构造层位经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用,而不是以前认为的以高温、低压变质作用为特征,并为喜马拉雅造山带构造演化的研究提供了新的见解。 相似文献
9.
大量来自于华北陆块的高压变质岩被发现发育于苏鲁构造杂岩带中，给俯冲带上盘物质如何卷入陆-陆俯冲碰撞作用的研究带来新的契机.通过对乳山地区（含榴）斜长角闪岩进行岩石学、矿物化学及相平衡模拟的研究，发现其保留有3个不同变质演化阶段的矿物组合，峰前矿物组合为粗粒石榴子石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿；峰期矿物组合由石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿组成，为典型高角闪岩相矿物组合；峰后退变质阶段矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+石榴子石+钛铁矿，发育有典型的“白眼圈”结构.相平衡模拟与温压计算表明，乳山午极石榴斜长角闪岩峰前变质阶段的P-T条件分别为P=6.4~7.0 kbar、T=610~640℃，表明其俯冲至30 km左右的地壳深度；峰期变质阶段P-T条件分别为P=9.3~10.0 kbar、T=700~730℃，表明其已俯冲至36~40 km的地壳深度，峰后退变质阶段P-T条件分别为P=5.2~5.8 kbar、T=680~710℃.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明乳山午极石榴斜长角闪岩原岩时代为1 734±24 Ma，龙角山水库斜长角闪岩变质时代为1 849±28 Ma，研究表明二者均来源于华北构造岩片.结合前人研究资料，推测乳山地区石榴斜长角闪岩原岩可能经历三叠纪俯冲作用并发生变质；其与杂岩带中来自华南的构造岩片发生混杂，共同构成华北-华南板块间宽约80~100 km的构造杂岩带. 相似文献
10.
华北东南缘五河杂岩的变质演化过程研究有助于揭示研究区前寒武纪变质基底的形成与演化历史.基于对五河杂岩中镁铁质麻粒岩进行的详细岩相学观察、矿物电子探针及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和微量元素分析,识别出古元古代变质演化的3个阶段,重建了峰期后近等温减压及降压冷却的顺时针P-T-t轨迹.峰期高压麻粒岩相变质阶段的代表性矿物组合为石榴子石（富Ca核部）+单斜辉石（富Al）+斜长石+石英+金红石±角闪石（富Ti）,所记录的峰期温压条件为850~900 ℃、1.5 GPa;峰期后近等温减压麻粒岩相变质阶段,富Ti角闪石分解在周围形成石榴子石+斜方辉石+斜长石±单斜辉石的矿物组合,所记录的温压条件为~900 ℃、1.1~1.2 GPa;晚期角闪岩相退变质阶段,石榴子石分解产生角闪石+斜长石±石英,所记录的温压条件为600~680 ℃、0.65~0.75 GPa.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,高压麻粒岩相、中压麻粒岩相和角闪岩相变质时代分别为~1.90 Ga、~1.85 Ga和~1.78 Ga.因此,研究区镁铁质麻粒岩的变质演化过程与胶北地体可以对比,结合已有的2.1 Ga花岗质岩石的成因和锆石年代学等方面研究成果,进一步证明五河杂岩属于胶-辽-吉带的西延,二者共同构成了华北克拉通东部一条古元古代碰撞造山带. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献