边界层臭氧浓度变化特征及相关因子分析     

周艳明  刘厚凤  吴保庆 《辽宁气象》2008,24(1):63-66

根据广州市城区麓湖、郊区花都测站的2004年污染物监测数据和气象资料,采用统计分析软件SPSS和Excel分析了广州市臭氧浓度的时间变化特征,包括臭氧浓度的年季变化、周变化及日变化特征,并分析了O3与污染物CO、NOx（NO和NO2）、SO2、PM10以及与气象条件之间的相关性。结果表明：广州市臭氧浓度一年出现2个峰值,分别为6月和10月并且郊区浓度大于城区;一周之中最大浓度出现在周末;O3日平均浓度与NOx、NO、CO、相对湿度负相关性较显著,与PM10和气温正相关性较显著;在气温较高、湿度较低的晴朗少云天气时,易造成广州市臭氧的高浓度。  相似文献   

The High-Resolution Solar Reference Spectrum between 250 and 550 nm and its Application to Measurements with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument     

Marcel Dobber  Robert Voors  Ruud Dirksen  Quintus Kleipool  Pieternel Levelt 《Solar physics》2008,249(2):281-291

We have constructed a new high resolution solar reference spectrum in the spectral range between 250 and 550 nm. The primary use of this spectrum is for the calibration of the Dutch – Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), but other applications are mentioned. The incentive for deriving a new high resolution solar reference spectrum is that available spectra do not meet our requirements on radiometric accuracy or spectral resolution. In this paper we explain the steps involved in constructing the new spectrum, based on available low and high resolution spectra and discuss the main sources of uncertainty. We compare the result with solar measurements obtained with the OMI as well as with other UV-VIS space-borne spectrometers with a similar spectral resolution. We obtain excellent agreement with the OMI measurements, which indicates that both the newly derived solar reference spectrum and our characterization of the OMI instrument are well understood. We also find good agreement with previously published low resolution spectra. The absolute intensity scale, wavelength calibration and representation of the strength of the Fraunhofer lines have been investigated and optimized to obtain the resulting high resolution solar reference spectrum.  相似文献   

AIRS卫星温度和臭氧廓线在南极的验证分析          下载免费PDF全文

张雷  丁明虎  卞林根  李建 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1318-1331

利用2008年中山站、Amundesen-Scott(SouthPole)站和Neumayer站为期一年的温度和臭氧探空数据,对AIRS第六版温度和臭氧垂直廓线产品在南极的精度进行了验证.结果表明,AIRS温度与探空温度总体上具有显著的一致性,其中对流层偏差最小(RMSe2℃),近地面温度由于受到下垫面影响偏差略大(RMSe～2℃),平流层偏差较大(2℃RMSe3℃),AIRS温度平均低于探空观测且受季节变化影响显著,秋冬季偏差整体上高于春夏季.AIRS臭氧反演精度在平流层(RMSe～25%)要优于对流层(RMSe～30%),RMSe最大值出现在UT-LS区域(可达40%)且在"臭氧洞"期间明显增大.AIRS产品精度在南极沿岸和内陆存在差异,由于南极地区探空资料较少且主要位于沿海,故在南极内陆地区进行探空观测对于提高卫星资料精度,改善该区域天气预报能力具有重大意义.  相似文献   

臭氧卫星遥感六十年进展     

赵少华  杨晓钰  李正强  王中挺  张玉环  王玉  周春艳  马鹏飞 《遥感学报》2022,26(5):817-833

臭氧已成为中国继PM_2.5之后多地的首要污染物,臭氧污染防治是中国“十四五”及未来大气污染防治的重点。本文回顾了近60年来国内外臭氧卫星观测方面的主要进展,包括卫星探测载荷和臭氧相关的反演应用技术等,分为3个阶段总结了卫星载荷天底、临边和掩星3种探测方式的发展历程。臭氧卫星遥感反演算法和监测应用也随着载荷的发展在不断更新,本文重点介绍了臭氧柱总量和垂直廓线卫星遥感反演算法、近地面臭氧及其前体物观测、平流层臭氧入侵观测和区域传输、臭氧卫星观测数据的精度验证等方面的重要进展。对比国际臭氧卫星遥感监测,中国臭氧监测卫星发展滞后,虽然国家民用空间基础设施规划中陆续发射的高光谱观测卫星、大气环境监测卫星具有初步的臭氧监测能力,但在卫星载荷在功能、性能等方面还有不小差距,比如空间分辨率、信噪比等方面。在算法反演和监测应用方面,目前臭氧柱总量反演精度较高,还存在对流层中低层和近地面臭氧浓度反演精度不够,臭氧污染评估及成因分析不足,如近地面臭氧污染迁移转化过程、平流层臭氧侵入识别分析等问题,是下一步要重点关注的方向。  相似文献   

2015—2018年海南省臭氧污染特征及其天气类型     

符传博  丹利  徐文帅  刘丽君 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):27-35

根据2015—2018年海南省18个市县32个空气质量监测站O₃浓度资料,分析了区域性O₃污染（O₃-8h浓度超标市县≥3个）时空变化特征,并对造成O₃污染的天气系统进行主观分型。结果表明：2015—2018年海南省共有40 d发生了区域性O₃污染,发生概率为2.73%。其中2015年和2017年达到了13 d,发生概率为3.56%,2018年为11 d（3.01%）,2016年仅为3 d（0.82%）。发生区域性O₃污染主要有4种天气类型：冷空气偏西下型、冷空气偏东下型、变暖高压脊型和热带系统型。其中冷空气偏西下型是最主要的天气类型,共出现了14 d,占所有天数的35%,且污染较重。不同天气类型下海南省O₃污染表现出不同的分布特征。500 hPa有下沉气流、低层受东北风控制,有相对湿度低值区从中国东部向海南省延伸,地面位于冷高压底部或热带气旋西北侧,温度露点差在5 ℃以上等条件均有利于海南省区域性O₃污染天气出现。  相似文献   

Mechanism of Ozone Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During the Reduction of Coking Wastewater Sludge          下载免费PDF全文

Chong Lin  Jianbo Liao  Haizhen Wu  Chaohai Wei 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1499-1507

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Identification and Apportionment of Sources of Ozone‐forming Potential for Proper Reduction Strategies     

Selami Demir  Arslan Saral 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(2):107-112

In this study, results of source identification and apportionment for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a previous work were used to estimate ozone‐forming potentials (OFPs) of effective sources for developing proper strategies for reduction of tropospheric ozone pollution. The source identification and apportionment of ambient VOC pollution within Yildiz Technical University's Davutpasa Campus (Istanbul, Turkey) was done by positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results suggested five effective source groups with the emissions related with paint use and solvent use having the highest contributions (36.8 and 28.2%). The results from PMF were used along with maximum incremental reactivities to estimate potentials of individual sources for ozone formation. It was found that biogenic emissions (3.78) and traffic related emissions (gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust) (3.83 and 3.15, respectively) have the highest potential for ozone formation in terms of grams O₃/g VOC emitted. The results were used to suggest proper source‐based reduction strategies for OFP.  相似文献   

The Seasonal Variations of Aerosols over East Asia as Jointly Inferred from MODIS and OMI          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Qi  DING Wei-Dong  FU Yun-Fei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(6):330-337

Data on aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and single scattering albedo(SSA) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) measurements,respectively,are used jointly to examine the seasonal variations of aerosols over East Asia.The seasonal signals of the total AOT are well defined and nearly similar over the land and over the ocean.These findings indicate a natural cycle of aerosols that originate primarily from natural emissions. In contrast,the small-sized aerosols represented by the fine-mode AOT,which are primarily generated over the land by human activities,do not have evident seasonalscale fluctuations.A persistent maximum of aerosol loadings centered over the Sichuan basin is associated with considerable amounts of fine-mode aerosols throughout the year.Most regions exhibit a general spring maximum. During the summer,however,the aerosol loadings are the most marked over north central China.This occurrence may result from anthropogenic fine particles,such as sulfate and nitrate.Four typical regions were selected to perform a covariation analysis of the monthly gridded AOT and SSA.Over southwestern and southeastern China,if the aerosol loadings are small to moderate they are composed primarily of the highly absorptive aerosols. However,more substantial aerosol loadings probably represent less-absorptive aerosols.The opposite covariation pattern occurring over the coastal-adjacent oceans suggests that the polluted oceanic atmosphere is closely correlated with the windward terrestrial aerosols.North central China is strongly affected by dust aerosols that show moderate absorption.This finding may explain the lower variability in the SSA that accompanies increasing aerosol loadings in this region.  相似文献   

QBO Signal in total ozone over Tibet     

Zou Han  Ji Chongping  Zhou Libo 《大气科学进展》2000,17(4):562-568

1. IntroductionOzone is one of the trace gases in the atmosphere distributed in 10--50 km altitude withthe maximum in 20--28 km. Ozone is significant in the following three aspects impacting theclimate and environment: 1) Ozone absorbs harmful solar ultra--violet radiation for protecting the ecological system on the Earth; 2) ozone heats the stratosphere and forces the circulation systems in this layer; 3) ozone variation in the stratosphere can change the incomingradiation at the surface leve…  相似文献   

COVID-19疫情期间全球空气质量变化:臭氧响应的区域间差异          下载免费PDF全文

Rong Tang  Xin Huang  Derong Zhou  Haikun Wang  Jiawei Xu  Aijun Ding 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):45-51

疫情期间全球各地一次排放大幅削减,而臭氧等二次污染的响应则存在着区域间差异.结合地面和卫星观测发现,同在氮氧化物大幅下降的情况下,臭氧在东亚和欧洲呈现出可达14ppb的上升信号,而北美则下降为主(约2-4ppb).我们结合气象分析和臭氧敏感性进一步讨论了臭氧响应差异性的原因,一方面受臭氧与前体物间关系的影响;另一方面来...  相似文献