Observations of the OH Radical in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) with the Nançay Radio Telescope     

Colom  P.  Gérard  E.  Crovisier  J.  Bockelé-Morvan  D.  Biver  N.  Rauer  H. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,78(1-3):37-43

We present OH 18-cm observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) at the Nançay radio telescope. On nucleus and offset position observations allowed us to obtain both OH production rates and quenching radii. The maximum OH production rate was reached around perihelion, at about10³¹ s^-1.  相似文献   

Urban Atmospheric Chemistry During the PUMA Campaign 2: Radical Budgets for OH,HO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and RO<Subscript>2</Subscript>   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.?M.?Emmerson  N.?CarslawEmail author  M.?J.?Pilling 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(2):165-183

A detailed photochemical box model was used to investigate the key reaction pathways between OH, HO₂ and RO₂ radicals during the summer and winter PUMA field campaigns in the urban city-centre of Birmingham in the UK. The model employed the most recent version of the Master Chemical Mechanism and was constrained to 15-minute average measurements of long-lived species determined in situ at the site. The results showed that in the summer, OH initiation was dominated by the reactions of ozone with alkenes, nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis and the reaction of excited oxygen atoms atoms with water. In the winter, ozone+alkene reactions were the primary initiation route, with a minor contribution from HONO photolysis. Photolysis of aldehydes was the main initiation route for HO₂, in both summer and winter. RO₂ initiation was dominated by the photolysis of aldehydes in the summer with a smaller contribution from ozone+alkenes, a situation that was reversed in the winter. At night, ozone+alkene reactions were the main radical source. Termination, under all conditions, primarily involved reactions with NO (OH) and NO₂ (OH and RCO₃). These results demonstrate the importance of ozone+alkene reactions in urban atmospheres, particularly when photolysis reactions were less important during winter and at nighttime. The implications for urban atmospheric chemistry are discussed.  相似文献   

A Laser-induced Fluorescence Instrument for Detecting Tropospheric OH and HO2: Characteristics and Calibration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ian C. Faloona  David Tan  Robert L. Lesher  Nathan L. Hazen  Christopher L. Frame  James B. Simpas  Hartwig Harder  Monica Martinez  Piero Di Carlo  Xinrong Ren  William H. Brune 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(2):139-167

  相似文献   

Radiation-induced defects in quartz. III. Single-crystal EPR,ENDOR and ESEEM study of a peroxy radical     

Mark J. Nilges  Yuanming Pan  Rudolf I. Mashkovtsev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(2):61-73

The X- and W-band single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of an electron-irradiated natural quartz permit quantitative analysis of a ²⁹Si hyperfine structure (A ~12.6 MHz) and an ²⁷Al hyperfine structure (A ≤ 0.8 MHz) for a previously reported hole-like center. The ²⁹Si hyperfine structure arises from interaction with two equivalent Si atoms and is characterized by the direction of the unique A axis close to a Si–O bond direction. The ²⁷Al hyperfine structure, confirmed by pulsed electron nuclear double resonance and electron spin echo envelope modulation spectra, is characterized by the unique A axis approximately along a twofold symmetry axis. These ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al hyperfine data, together with published theoretical results on peroxy radicals in SiO₂ as well as our own density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model peroxy centers, suggest this hole-like center to have the unpaired spin on a pair of oxygen atoms linked to two symmetrically equivalent Si atoms and a substitutional Al³⁺ ion across the c-axis channel, a first peroxy radical in quartz. The nuclear quadrupole matrix P also suggests that the Al³⁺ ion corresponds closely to the diamagnetic precursor to the [AlO₄]⁰ center. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

基于采样分布式估计器的多无人艇轨迹跟踪控制     

胡金波  刘智伟  葛明峰 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(4):443-449

提出了一种级联控制算法解决多无人艇（USVs）系统的分布式轨迹跟踪问题.这种控制算法可以分为两层：第一层是基于采样信息的分布式估计器,主要用于估计领航者的期望轨迹;第二层是每个无人艇的本地控制器,主要是结合滑模控制与神经网络径向基函数,在系统具有欠驱动、参数不确定性和扰动等因素的情况下,使其状态跟踪期望轨迹的本地估计值.为了求解上述跟踪控制问题,基于李雅普诺夫理论与级联系统理论,推导得到了所有无人艇位置状态收敛到期望轨迹的充分条件,并通过仿真结果验证了所提出控制方法的有效性与正确性.  相似文献   

大气中粘性效应对三维地形波及其波动阻力的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘辉志  洪钟祥  桑建国 《气候与环境研究》1999,4(3):315-322

采用两层大气模式, 通过引入瑞利摩擦系数来定性描述大气中粘性机制, 讨论了粘性效应对三维简单地形波及其波动阻力的影响。结果表明,无论低层大气为稳定层结还是不稳定层结, 大气中粘性的存在将减弱地形波的强度, 减小其产生的波动阻力  相似文献   

羟基在海洋有害生物污染防治的应用研究     

刘兴旺  周晓见  白希尧  薛晓红 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(4):39-43

利用高气压强电离放电方法制取高比值浓度的羟基溶液,应用于压载水外来有害生物入侵性传播,赤潮生物污染等领域的防治。论文详细介绍了羟基产生的等离子体过程,在进行的20t／h压载水中试试验和杀灭赤潮微生物的围隔实验中,微生物致死率分别达到100％和99．89％,并且在很大程度上改善了海水水质。结果表明羟基是治理海洋有害生物污染行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

The influence of light intensity,SO2, NOx and C3H6 on sulfate aerosol formation     

Menachem Luria  Geula Sharf 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1985,2(3):321-329

The photochemical oxidation of SO₂ in the presence of NO and C₃H₆ was studied in a 18.2 liter pyrex reactor. When light intensity, irradiation time and SO₂ concentration were constant, SO₄ ^2- concentration, derived from the total volume of aerosol produced, peaked when [C₃H₆]/[NO] was approximately 6.0. Another increase im SO₄ ^2- formation was reached at very high ratios (>50). The experimental observations are consistent with the two SO₂ oxidation mechanisms. At low [C₃H₆]/[NO] ratios, the processes proceed via the HO–SO₂ reaction, while at high ratios the O₃–C₃H₆ adduct is assumed to oxidize SO₂ to produce SO₄ ^2- aerosols.  相似文献   

土壤类型及组分对热活化过硫酸盐氧化降解土壤中挥发性氯代烃的影响     

张凤君  刘哲华  苏小四  吕聪  刘佳露 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(4):1212-1220

为了探究高级氧化技术对土壤中有机氯代烃的氧化降解作用,为ISCO（in situ chemical oxidation）技术体系提供重要的理论依据和数据支撑,考察了热活化过硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）氧化降解不同类型土壤（砂类土壤、黏土类土壤）中挥发性氯代烃污染物（三氯乙烯（TCE）、三氯乙烷（TCA）、顺式-1,2-二氯乙烯（cis-1,2-DCE）、1,2-二氯乙烷（1,2-DCA））的效能;同时,通过硫酸盐与土壤相互作用过程研究,探究了不同土壤介质中有机质和无机组分在过硫酸盐消耗中所占比例。结果表明：在50℃时,热活化过硫酸盐可有效降解土壤中1,2-DCA、cis-1,2-DCE、TCA和TCE,砂类土壤介质中4种氯代烃降解效果依次为25%、89%、5%和61%,黏土类土壤介质中4种氯代烃降解效果依次为35%、86%、8%和63%;4种氯代烃的降解效果从高到低顺序依次为cis-1,2-DCE、TCE、1,2-DCA、TCA,砂类土壤中的氯代烃总体降解效果优于黏土类土壤中氯代烃的降解效果。另外,土壤中过硫酸盐氧化降解氯代烃反应研究发现,砂类和黏土类土壤介质组分中有机质消耗率分别为81.3%和72.6%,铁元素消耗率分别为80.5%和38.6%,表明土壤介质组分与过硫酸盐发生了氧化还原反应,从而导致过硫酸盐自身的大量消耗。由此可知,土壤介质中的有机质、铁元素等矿物质均参与过硫酸盐的消耗过程,且土壤有机质、铁元素与氯代烃之间在消耗过硫酸盐反应上存在竞争关系,土壤组分过多地消耗了过硫酸盐,导致了氯代烃的氧化降解效率较低。因此,针对实际有机氯代烃污染场地,采用过硫酸盐氧化技术进行修复时,过硫酸盐的实际投加量要远高于化学计量值,需充分考虑到土壤组分对过硫酸盐自身的消耗作用。  相似文献   

基于数字钻进技术和量子遗传-径向基函数神经网络的围岩类别超前识别技术研究     

邱道宏  李术才  薛翊国  田昊  闫茂旺 《岩土力学》2014,35(7):2013-2018

围岩类别超前分类是隧道施工过程中必须开展的一项工作,其直接关系到后续的开挖及施工支护方案。为有效地进行隧道围岩类别超前分类,提出了基于数字钻进技术和量子遗传（QGA）-径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的围岩类别超前分类方法。以数字钻进技术为基础,从钻进参数中提取有用信息,构建围岩类别超前分类指标体系。采用量子计算原理对遗传算法进行改进,通过量子位编码和量子旋转门更新种群,以此来确定RBF神经网络的参数,建立了基于QGA-RBF神经网络的围岩类别超前识别系统。最后将该方法应用于青岛胶州湾海底隧道的围岩类别超前识别中,结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确性,其结果为围岩类别超前分类提供了一种新思路。  相似文献