Potential impacts of aerosol–land–atmosphere interactions on the Indian monsoonal rainfall characteristics     

Dev Niyogi  Hsin-I Chang  Fei Chen  Lianhong Gu  Anil Kumar  Surabi Menon  Roger A. Pielke Sr. 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(2):345-359

Aerosols can affect the cloud-radiation feedback and the precipitation over the Indian monsoon region. In this paper, we propose that another pathway by which aerosols can modulate the multi-scale aspect of Indian monsoons is by altering the land–atmosphere interactions. The nonlinear feedbacks due to aerosol/diffuse radiation on coupled interactions over the Indian monsoon region are studied by: (1) reviewing recent field measurements and modeling studies, (2) analyzing the MODIS and AERONET aerosol optical depth datasets, and (3) diagnosing the results from sensitivity experiments using a mesoscale modeling system. The results of this study suggest that the large magnitude of aerosol loading and its impact on land–atmosphere interactions can significantly influence the mesoscale monsoonal characteristics in the Indo-Ganges Basin.  相似文献   

降水和温度MOS预报方法探讨     

吴爱敏 《干旱气象》2002,20(3):1-3

文中分析了庆阳地区春季降水气候特征和环流形势 ,用 1995～ 1998年 3～ 5月T10 6资料建立了该区 8县 (市 )春季降水、温度MOS预报方程 ,进行了回代检验和试报 ,并提出了模式更换后的处理方法  相似文献   

雷州半岛近40年来气温和降水的变化     

陈理森 《广东气象》2001,(2):29-30

利用1961～2000年雷州半岛5个气象站的月平均降水量、平均最高、最低气温等资料，对雷州半岛40年和近10年的变化作了较为全面的分析。  相似文献   

Atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological contributions to seasonal variations in length of day     

J. Höpfner 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(2-3):137-150

 The annual and semiannual residuals derived in the axial angular momentum budget of the solid Earth–atmosphere system reflect significant signals. They must be caused by further excitation sources. Since, in particular, the contribution for the wind term from the atmospheric layer between the 10 and 0.3 hPa levels to the seasonal variations in length of day (LOD) is still missing, it is necessary to extend the top level into the upper stratosphere up to 0.3 hPa. Under the conservation of the total angular momentum of the entire Earth, variations in the oceanic angular momentum (OAM) and the hydrological angular momentum (HAM) are further significant excitation sources at seasonal time scales. Focusing on other contributions to the Earth's axial angular momentum budget, the following data are used in this study: axial atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) data derived for the 10–0.3 hPa layer from 1991 to 1997 for computing the missing wind effects; axial OAM functions as generated by oceanic general circulation models (GCMs), namely for the ECHAM3 and the MICOM models, available from 1975 to 1994 and from 1992 to 1994, respectively, for computing the oceanic contributions to LOD changes, and, concerning the HAM variations, the seasonal estimates of the hydrological contribution as derived by Chao and O'Connor [(1988) Geophys J 94: 263–270]. Using vector representation, it is shown that the vectors achieve a close balance in the global axial angular momentum budget within the estimated uncertainties of the momentum quantities on seasonal time scales. Received: 6 April 2000 / Accepted: 13 December 2000  相似文献   

不同天气系统下我国云雨水化学特征的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

雷恒池  吴玉霞  肖辉  沈志来 《高原气象》2001,20(2):127-131

根据1985－1993年我国10个省市飞机观测的云水化学资料，分析了不同天气系统对我国云、雨水化学特征的影响。平均而言，我国北方地区云水不酸，南方地区云水酸。降水天气系统对云化学组分有一定的影响。北方地区受蒙古低涡影响时，云水中Ca^2 明显增多，表现了沙尘污染的特征；南方地区静止锋降水时，云水酸，离子浓度也高。  相似文献   

河南干旱年地面雨滴谱特征   总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

周毓荃  刘晓天  周非非  黄毅梅  李子华 《应用气象学报》2001,12(Z1):39-47

采用PMS公司生产的GBPP-100型地面雨滴谱仪，对河南省唐河地区17次降水过程进行了连续观测，其中层状云降水14次，积云降水3次。17次降水量都很小，5次有降水而无量，8、9月总降水量分别为8.3mm和31.3mm，占常年降水量的15.6%，属特别干旱的季节，该文利用观测获得的13928个样本，分析了干旱年降水的微结构特征。  相似文献   

鄂西北对流云及其人工催化的三维数值模拟个例研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

何观芳  胡志晋  李淑日 《应用气象学报》2001,12(Z1):96-106

该文把三维对流云模式应用于湖北省西北部地区的对流云降水研究和人工增雨试验设计，并和张家口冰雹云个例的模拟进行了比较。模拟结果表明该地区给定季节的对流云主要特征有云底温度（约26℃)。云中上升气流速度中等（最大约18m/s)，初始回波在较暖区1～-2.5℃)形成，云的回波顶高约13km。前期的暖支降水对地面雨量贡献很大。播云的数值模拟结果显示了初始回波出现后约10min回波项高到达-22℃处时，在温度为-2～-6℃层的支的中心部位引进5×105～107个/kg碘化银冰核，使地面降雨只有身长弱增加。湖北西北部对流云中过冷云水偏少，最大仅5g/kg和3.8g/kg,面且过冷云水大值区温度偏高（-2.5℃).催化后云中最大上升气流和地面格点最大雨量值变化不大，有时减少，后期降雨量增加，下风方雨量增加，分布更加均匀，但总雨量增加不多。  相似文献   

对流云降水过程中地形作用的数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

楼小凤  胡志晋  王广河 《应用气象学报》2001,12(Z1):113-121

该文利用地形追随坐标三维云模式，对湖北的一次对流降水过程进行了平坦地面和理想斜坡地形的模拟试验。结果发现平坦地面模拟的回波强度、最大降水强度和累积降水都与实况有相当的差距。理想地形的对流过程虽然不能模拟出对流群中多单体的生消过程，但最大降水强度和累积降水都比平坦地面的大，更接近实测结果。模拟试验表明，在地形坡度较大时，会产生较强的上升气流，从而使系统对流发展旺盛，产生较大的降水和较强的回波。所以在模拟山区和丘陵地带的对流系统时，采用地形坐标并考虑地形将会改善模式的模拟结果。  相似文献   

河南省飞机人工增雨试验方案设计   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李念童  李铁林  郑宏伟 《应用气象学报》2001,12(Z1):200-205

借鉴国内外已有的探测和分析研究成果，结合国内人工增雨飞机的性能，着重介绍在催化作业和探测时，开展等半径盘旋上升（或下降）垂直观测，和在特定高度上进行水平观测的方案设计及其资料收集、处理、存档的流程。为开展人工增雨作业、观测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Synoptic circulation and stream discharge in the Great Lakes basin, USA     

R. V. Rohli  A. J. Vega  M. R. Binkley  S. D. Britton  H. E. Heckman  J. M. Jenkins  Y. Ono  D. E. Sheeler 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2001,21(4)

Impacts on water resources caused by human activity, natural climate variation and long-term climate change are unclear in the US Great Lakes region. Improved understanding of the impact of atmospheric circulation on stream discharge variability into the Lakes is thus important. In this analysis, monthly surface and mid-tropospheric circulation patterns suggest that surface pressure variations over Missouri and Illinois are most strongly correlated to discharge. The mid-tropospheric patterns most directly related to discharge place the Great Lakes in a trough-to-ridge flow pattern. The analysis confirms that at this scale, lee shore advection resulting in ‘lake-effect’ precipitation is not very important to regional discharge, and neither are variations in the Pacific–North American teleconnection.  相似文献