低纬度磁异常化极方法——压制因子法   总被引：11，自引：10，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

姚长利  管志宁  高德章  张锡林  张聿文 《地球物理学报》2003,46(5):690-696

磁异常化极转换是磁异常解释的重要基础，针对频率域磁异常化极现状，本文对低纬度化极的困难原因进行了深入分析，并提出了针对性的化极措施——压制因子法. 与已有研究比较，该方法具有简单直观、控制参数少因而便于实际操作的特点，模型计算表明了方法的有效性. 在我国南海低磁纬度地区实测磁异常的计算解释中，应用该化极方法，取得了良好的效果.  相似文献   

云南定点倾斜异常与强震关系研究     

王永安  王世芹  付虹 《内陆地震》2003,17(4):294-299

采用速率合成和趋势合成两种方法对云南定点形变倾斜观测资料进行了处理，旨在提取形变准同步群体异常的信息，分析研究倾斜与强震关系。结果表明：云南强震前1—2年形变场的群体异常信息较为显著，对云南地区强震的中期预测有一定的效能，倾斜南北向的观测变化结果对强震的反映优于东西向。  相似文献   

模糊综合评判在地球化学异常评价中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张晓常 《物探与化探》2003,27(2):106-109

对云南省元江中上游1:5万土壤测量所圈定的20个地球化学异常进行了模糊综合评判,其中甲类异常正确评判率为100%,其它几个综合评判值较大的异常经查证均发现了不同规模的矿床(点),为研究区异常的筛选和评价提供了一种较为可靠的方法.  相似文献   

Crustal structure and transform margin development south of Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer data     

Asbjrn Johan Breivik  Rolf Mjelde  Paul Grogan  Hideki Shimamura  Yoshio Murai  Yuichi Nishimura 《Tectonophysics》2003,369(1-2):37-70

The Barents Sea is located in the northwestern corner of the Eurasian continent, where the crustal terrain was assembled in the Caledonian orogeny during Late Ordovician and Silurian times. The western Barents Sea margin developed primarily as a transform margin during the early Tertiary. In the northwestern part south of Svalbard, multichannel reflection seismic lines have poor resolution below the Permian sequence, and the early post-orogenic development is not well known here. In 1998, an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) survey was collected southwest to southeast of the Svalbard archipelago. One profile was shot across the continental transform margin south of Svalbard, which is presented here. P-wave modeling of the OBS profile indicates a Caledonian suture in the continental basement south of Svalbard, also proposed previously based on a deep seismic reflection line coincident with the OBS profile. The suture zone is associated with a small crustal root and westward dipping mantle reflectivity, and it marks a boundary between two different crystalline basement terrains. The western terrain has low (6.2–6.45 km s⁻¹) P-wave velocities, while the eastern has higher (6.3–6.9 km s⁻¹) velocities. Gravity modeling agrees with this, as an increased density is needed in the eastern block. The S-wave data predict a quartz-rich lithology compatible with felsic gneiss to granite within and west of the suture zone, and an intermediate lithological composition to the east. A geological model assuming westward dipping Caledonian subduction and collision can explain the missing lower crust in the western block by subduction erosion of the lower crust, as well as the observed structuring. Due to the transform margin setting, the tectonic thinning of the continental block during opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea is restricted to the outer 35 km of the continental block, and the continent–ocean boundary (COB) can be located to within 5 km in our data. Distinct from the outer high commonly observed on transform margins, the upper part of the continental crust at the margin is dominated by two large, rotated down-faulted blocks with throws of 2–3 km on each fault, apparently formed during the transform margin development. Analysis of the gravity field shows that these faults probably merge to one single fault to the south of our profile, and that the downfaulting dominates the whole margin segment from Spitsbergen to Bjørnøya. South of Bjørnøya, the faulting leaves the continental margin to terminate as a graben 75 km south of the island. Adjacent to the continental margin, there is no clear oceanic layer 2 seismic signature. However, the top basement velocity of 6.55 km s⁻¹ is significantly lower than the high (7 km s⁻¹) velocity reported earlier from expanding spread profiles (ESPs), and we interpret the velocity structure of the oceanic crust to be a result of a development induced by the 7–8-km-thick sedimentary overburden.  相似文献   

The Baikal rift zone: the effect of mantle plumes on older structure   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Zorin  Turutanov  V. V. Mordvinova  V. M. Kozhevnikov  T. B. Yanovskaya  A. V. Treussov 《Tectonophysics》2003,371(1-4):153-173

The main chain of SW–NE-striking Cenozoic half-grabens of the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) follows the frontal parts of Early Paleozoic thrusts, which have northwestern and northern vergency. Most of the large rift half-grabens are bounded by normal faults at the northwestern and northern sides. We suggest that the rift basins were formed as a result of transformation of ancient thrusts into normal listric faults during Cenozoic extension.Seismic velocities in the uppermost mantle beneath the whole rift zone are less than those in the mantle beneath the platform. This suggests thinning of the lithosphere under the rift zone by asthenosphere upwarp. The geometry of this upwarp and the southeastward spread of its material control the crustal extension in the rift zone. This NW–SE extension cannot be blocked by SW–NE compression generated by pressure from the Indian lithospheric block against Central Asia.The geochemical and isotopic data from Late Cenozoic volcanics suggest that the hot material in the asthenospheric upwarp is probably provided by mantle plumes. To distinguish and locate these plumes, we use regional isostatic gravity anomalies, calculated under the assumption that topography is only partially compensated by Moho depth variations. Variations of the lithosphere–asthenosphere discontinuity depth play a significant role in isostatic compensation. We construct three-dimensional gravity models of the plume tails. The results of this analysis of the gravity field are in agreement with the seismic data: the group velocities of long-period Rayleigh waves are reduced in the areas where most of the recognized plumes are located, and azimuthal seismic anisotropy shows that these plumes influence the flow directions in the mantle above their tails.The Baikal rift formation, like the Kenya, Rio Grande, and Rhine continental rifts [Achauer, U., Granet, M., 1997. Complexity of continental rifts as revealed by seismic tomography and gravity modeling. In: Jacob, A.W.B., Delvaux, D., Khan, M.A. (Eds.), Lithosphere Structure, Evolution and Sedimentation in Continental Rifts. Proceedings of the IGCP 400 Meeting, Dublin, March 20–22, 1997. Institute of Advanced Studies, Dublin, pp. 161–171], is controlled by the three following factors: (i) mantle plumes, (ii) older (prerift) linear lithosphere structures favorably positioned relative to the plumes, and (iii) favorable orientation of the far-field forces.  相似文献   

地下水诱发的浅层前兆异常及其机理与有关的地震预报问题(2)   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

王吉易  宋贯一  曹志成  郑云贞  张子广  范雪芳  黄辅琼  杨明波 《华北地震科学》2002,20(3):1-13

分析了现有主要地震前兆模式（包括热物质上涌模式）在解释现实观测到的浅层异常时遇到的困难。论证了金种前兆异常与空间环境因子之间具有的密切成因联系。诱发前兆异常具有7个主要的特征，即种类的多样性、与降水及地下水变化关系的非线性、发生的周期性和季节性、变化的层次性、时间分布的成丛性、空间分布的大区域性以及多种手段异常变化的时空关联性等。  相似文献   

Rare Earth Elements in Egyptian Phosphorites     

I.S.ISMAEL 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(1):19-28

Egyptian phosphorites from Abu Tartur(Western Desert),El Mahamide mine(Nile Valley) and Rabah mne(Eastern Desert)show variable degrees of relative REE enrichment.Black plateau phosphorites of Abu Tartur are substantially enriched in REE as compared to the Red Sea and Nile Valley phosphorites.P-rich organic matter from the Abu Tartur and Rabah mines recorded negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies.Positive Eu anomaly reveals an anoxic event prior to the phase of Late Cretaceous phosphate formation.Ce is a redox indicator.Mixing of sea water and upwelling during the Late Cretaceous was responsible for the recording of positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies in the Egyptian phosphorites.  相似文献   

Regional compilation and analysis of aeromagnetic anomalies for the Transantarctic Mountains–Ross Sea sector of the Antarctic     

M. Chiappini  F. Ferraccioli  E. Bozzo  D. Damaske 《Tectonophysics》2002,347(1-3)

Magnetic observations over the area of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and the Ross Sea have been compiled into a digital database that furnishes a new regional scale view of the magnetic anomaly crustal field in this key sector of the Antarctic continent. This compilation is a component of the ongoing IAGA/SCAR Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project (ADMAP). The aeromagnetic surveys total 115 000 line km, and are distributed across the Victoria Land sector of the TAM, the Ross Sea, and Marie Byrd Land. The magnetic campaigns were performed within the framework of the national and international Italian–German–US Antarctic research programs and conducted with differing specifications during nine field seasons from 1971 until 1997. Generally flight line spacing was less than 5 km while survey altitude varied from about 610 to 4000 m above sea level for barometric surveys and was equal to 305 m above topography for the single draped survey. Reprocessing included digitizing the old contour data, improved levelling by means of microlevelling in the frequency domain, and re-reduction to a common reference field based on the DGRF90 model. A multi-frequency grid procedure was then applied to obtain a coherent and merged total intensity magnetic anomaly map. The shaded relief map covers an area of approximately 380 000 km². This new compilation provides a regional image of the location and spatial extent of the Cenozoic alkaline magmatism related to the TAM–Ross Sea rift, Jurassic tholeiites, and crustal segments of the Early Palaeozoic magmatic arc. A linear, approximately 100-km wide and 600-km long Jurassic rift-like structure is newly identified. Magnetic fabric in the Ross Sea rift often matches seismically imaged Cenozoic fault arrays. Major buried onshore pre-rift fault zones, likely inherited from the Ross Orogen, are also delineated. These faults may have been reactivated as strike-slip belts that segmented the TAM into various crustal blocks.  相似文献   

Sequential inversion of local earthquake traveltimes and gravity anomaly—the example of the western Alps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippe Vernant  Frédéric Masson  Roger Bayer  Anne Paul 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,150(1):79-90

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全球海温距平对月预报影响的数值试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

骆美霞  纪立人  张道民  李金龙  游荣高  A. Longhetto 《大气科学》1997,21(5):552-556

对1992年7月19日个例，进行了有、无海温距平的对比数值试验，研究了海温距平对月预报的影响。个例试验结果表明，海温距平对月预报的影响是重要的。海温距平不仅对全球降水量的影响明显，而且对温度场预报的影响也很明显。大气（温度、降水和高度场）对异常海温强迫开始响应的时间大约是10天。  相似文献