中国转型期中心城市城乡关系演变   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

张婧  李诚固 《地理学报》2012,67(8):1021-1030

2000 年以来中国开始进入城乡互动与统筹发展的转型期。以中国中心城市为样本, 城乡经济增长与城市化为研究视角, 中心与外围区域为空间范围, 利用时间序列数据, 采用多元变量分析模型方法, 对中国区域中心城市城乡关系要素变化进行了动态分析, 建立了中心城市城乡关系模型, 划分了中国中心城市城乡关系地域类型。研究结果表明:中心城市外围县区的固定资产投资、经济总量、工业生产的增长速度开始超过中心市区, 经济要素过度集聚中心市区的格局发生转变。但中心城市外围县区的公共设施与基础设施供给能力与中心市区仍有较大差距, 公共设施与服务的非均等化是中国城乡统筹发展的关键性障碍因素。依据城乡要素中心市区与外围县区空间变化, 中国中心城市城乡关系可以划分为中心市区集聚型、外围县区快速成长型、中心外围相对均衡型、中心外围整体发展型等4 种类型, 反映出中国各中心城市城乡关系演变阶段、城乡结构特征与空间形态的地域差异变化。  相似文献   

新疆区域经济差异时空演变特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖艳秋  杨德刚  张新焕  潘伟  唐宏 《中国沙漠》2012,32(1):244-251

区域经济差异是经济发展过程中不容忽视的问题。通过基尼系数、人均收入差异系数、“崔王指数”、锡尔系数4种区域差异演化指数的计算,结合GIS空间分异和空间自相关分析,探讨了新疆区域经济差异的时空演变特征。结果表明:①新疆区域经济差异不断扩大,极化水平不断增强;南北疆内部区域经济差异与总体变化趋势一致,北疆内部、城市内部的经济差异对总体差异的作用显著。②区域经济发展的重心不断北移,极化中心基本显现;空间自相关高值区集中分布在天山北坡,低值区域不断扩大至整个南疆地区;北疆极化中心克拉玛依市“高-高”极化作用显著,乌鲁木齐市、鄯善县的“高-高”作用不显著,有待提升;南疆极化中心库尔勒市仅在改革开放初期“高-低”作用显著,近年来阿克苏市“高-低”作用显著,有望发展成为新的极化中心。  相似文献   

新疆天池景区生态安全度时空分异特征与驱动机制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

时卉  杨兆萍  韩芳  石天戈  栾福明 《地理科学进展》2013,32(3):475-485

本研究基于2000、2010年新疆天池风景名胜区的TM遥感影像、2000-2010年新疆统计年鉴、野外实地调查等数据,构建研究区的景观生态安全度,采用ESDA、半变异函数空间分析、逐步回归等方法,分析各样点景观生态安全度的时空演变特征,探讨导致格局演变的驱动机制。结果表明:① 2000-2010年,高景观生态安全度范围由南向北转移;中景观生态安全度区域由南北向中部集中;低景观生态安全度呈现由南向北扩散的趋势。② 景观生态安全度全局空间自相关较显著,随时间演变,空间集聚水平降低;局域空间自相关呈现集群分布向随机分布转变的趋势。③ 变程范围内,景观生态安全度值的各向异性与弱空间相关性特点是结构性因素和随机性因素综合作用的结果。④ 经度、纬度、海拔因子对景观生态安全度的影响显著;放牧、旅游以及政策活动影响景观生态安全度中小尺度格局,对景观生态安全度的演变有重要影响。  相似文献   

基于不同主体的城镇人居环境要素需求特征——以广州市新塘镇为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴箐  程金屏  钟式玉  李宇 《地理研究》2013,32(2):307-316

从城镇人居环境特点及不同主体的需求出发,构建了一套包括5个综合指标项和32个要素的城镇人居环境指标体系。以广州市新塘镇为例,通过问卷调查和非参数检验分析,揭示了不同主体人居环境要素需求特征;运用相关分析、聚类分析探讨了城镇人居环境要素需求差异性影响因素及不同群体要素需求的空间差异。结果表明:受访者对闲暇活动等10个要素的需求表现出差异性,对生活能源等22个要素的需求表现出共性;居住时间和经济状况对不同主体人居环境要素需求的差异性影响最大。同时结合4个类群主体的差异性环境要素需求和空间分布特征,提出了新塘镇未来人居环境优化应该重点建设的内容。  相似文献   

长江中游经济带区域经济差异及其时空演变特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈文娣  黄震方  蒋卫国  方叶林 《热带地理》2013,33(3):324-332

以长江中游经济带的鄱阳湖生态经济区、皖江城市带、武汉城市圈、长株潭城市群各地级市为研究单元,以1995-2011年常住人口总数、总GDP和人均GDP为测度指标,采用标准差、变异系数、泰尔指数、空间自相关等方法,在ArcGIS及GeoDA等软件的支持下,从时空角度分析了研究区域经济差异及其演变特征。结果表明：从时间演变特征看,长江中游经济带总体发展水平不断上升,绝对经济差异在不断扩大,且这种扩大趋势从2000年后逐步增强;相对经济差异不显著,4个经济区中1995-2003年武汉城市圈经济相对发展最快,鄱阳湖生态经济区发展最慢,2003-2011年皖江城市带发展最快,武汉城市圈发展速度有所下降;各经济区内部经济差异不断扩大,其中武汉城市圈内部经济差异最大。从空间演变特征看,区域内经济发展的空间差异逐渐加大,空间集聚趋势越来越弱,扩散效应逐渐增强,高水平发展的城市出现极化现象,中心城市的辐射带动作用不强。交通区位、区域政策、中心城市的联动、资源禀赋与产业结构是引起区域经济差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

四川盆地降水变化的区域差异   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白莹莹  张焱  高阳华  何泽能  李永华 《地理科学》2011,31(4):478-484

利用四川盆地实测气象资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NCDC全球气温距平资料,分析了四川盆地降水变化的区域差异。结果表明:盆地降水空间异常分布主要呈东西振荡特征,近46 a来,盆西降水显著减少,盆东降水总体变化趋势不明显。青藏高原夏季风指数、西太平洋副热带高压北界和脊线指数与盆地夏季降水的相关场表现为盆西和盆东反号分布,表明高原夏季风和西太副高可能是盆地降水东西振荡分布的重要原因。通过与全球气温变化的回归分析发现,盆地降水变化趋势的区域差异,特别是盆西地区的暖干化可能是对全球变暖的区域响应。  相似文献   

Spatial-temporal differences in in-stream flow requirement based on GIS： A case study of Yan＇an region,northern Shaanxi     

王丽霞  任志远 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(1):107-114

Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah＇an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow requirement has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Additionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic development have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that： （1） According to the central streams in Yan＇an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m^3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3 （2） Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. （3） From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency.  相似文献   

Seasonal temperatures for the past ∼400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa,Switzerland)     

Lucien von Gunten  Oliver Heiri  Christian Bigler  Jacqueline van Leeuwen  Carlo Casty  André F. Lotter  Michael Sturm 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(3):283-299

We analysed a 42 cm long sediment record from Lej da la Tscheppa, a high-altitude lake (2,616 m a.s.l.) in the Upper Engadine valley (Switzerland) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids and pollen. The chronology of the top 21 cm of the record was established using ²¹⁰Pb analysis using a constant-rate-of-supply model, and validated with ¹³⁷Cs measurements and the content of spheroidal carbonaceous particles. A tentative chronology for the lower part of the core was obtained through extrapolation of the sedimentation rates in the uppermost part of the record. Pollen assemblages in the record reflect regional changes in forestation and land-use patterns in the Upper Engadine valley and show no evidence of significant local human activity in the lake’s catchment. Diatom assemblages record a distinct increase in planktonic taxa since the early 19th century, suggesting a decrease in the duration of ice-cover. In contrast, chironomid assemblages remained stable during a large part of the record. We applied an established chironomid-based July air temperature transfer function and a newly developed diatom-based spring air temperature transfer function to reconstruct past seasonal air temperature changes at Lej da la Tscheppa. The reconstructions indicate a diatom-inferred warming trend in spring temperatures during the past ca. 400 years, whereas chironomid-inferred summer temperatures suggest a slight cooling trend. These biota-based reconstructions are in good agreement with the centennial-scale temperature trend in an independent reconstruction of regional temperatures in the Upper Engadine region based on instrumental records and documentary proxy evidence from the Alps. Our results suggest that, in high-altitude lakes, independent chironomid- and diatom-based seasonal temperature reconstruction is possible and can be successfully used to track seasonal temperature trends.  相似文献   

A statistical method for varve verification using seasonal pollen deposition     

Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques  Brian F. Cumming  John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(2):733-744

We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses prospective varve layer-splitting and seasonal pollen deposition. This method can be used on any sediment that contains seasonally deposited pollen, and avoids the need for radio-isotopic, optical, or thermoluminescence dating. The method uses a χ² test and non-parametric regression, together with recorded plant bloom times from pollen traps, to assess the differences in pollen abundances in light/dark (i.e. summer/winter-spring) sediment layers. A statistical test is required because such seasonally deposited data are inherently noisy, with a low signal-to-noise ratio. To illustrate this approach, visible laminations of Lake Mina, Minnesota, USA, were assessed in two separate regions of a core spanning 900 years. Results show that the laminations were deposited annually.  相似文献   

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郭良迁  占伟  杨国华  薄万举 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(4):36-42

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