西北地区县域脆弱性时空格局演变   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

鲁大铭  石育中  李文龙  杨新军 《地理科学进展》2017,36(4):404-415

人地耦合系统的脆弱性研究作为未来地理科学的十大科学研究命题之一,已成为人地关系和区域可持续发展研究的重要领域。本文以西北地区316个县(市)为研究单元,以2003、2008和2013年社会经济统计数据、气象数据、遥感影像数据和空间矢量数据为基础,综合运用模糊层次分析和变异系数分析等方法,构建西北地区人地系统脆弱性评价模型并说明其时空演化过程。研究表明：①西北地区县域脆弱性指数整体呈现北低南高、东低西高的格局。大中型城市对周边区域产生显著的影响并已形成以自身为核心的低脆弱圈层,各低脆弱圈层逐渐关联形成大范围的低脆弱片区;②4个子系统的脆弱性水平分别表现出一定的地域分异格局,社会子系统和经济子系统脆弱性的空间集聚特征明显且变化显著,资源环境子系统和政策子系统脆弱性则趋于碎片化且相对稳定;③西北地区人地系统脆弱性的空间差异度呈缓慢增大趋势,社会脆弱性差异度的变化趋势为先增加后下降,经济脆弱性与资源环境脆弱性差异度均表现出持续下降的态势,政策扶持性在地区间的差异较大且整体格局稳定;④在政策的引导和扶持下,资源开发促使经济发展、环境质量和人类福祉发生转变,最终影响社会发展水平和社会的稳定程度,而社会的发展和稳定又反作用于经济发展、环境质量、资源开发和政策制定。本文以“脆弱性”的视角解构西北地区人地系统时空动态变化过程,为西北地区社会经济发展提供理论方法参考和实践应用借鉴。  相似文献   

珠三角地区耕地多功能空间差异与影响因素分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈星宇  王枫  李灿 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(1)

在借鉴文献的基础上,结合珠三角地区实际情况,构建耕地多功能评价指标体系,运用加权求和评分法计算得出耕地各类功能指数。结果表明:2005—2013年珠三角各城市耕地总功能整体表现稳定,空间差异表现为中心城市的功能等级较低,外围城市的功能等级较高,耕地资源禀赋和经济发展水平是影响耕地总功能的最主要因素;耕地的各项子功能整体表现较为稳定,体现出较为明显的空间差异;耕地资源禀赋、经济发展水平、人口及城市化水平、要素投入水平和政策因素等是影响各项子功能的主要因素。  相似文献   

山东省20世纪90年代产业结构变动研究     

刘兆德  王慧 《地理与地理信息科学》2001,17(1):25-30

分析山东 90年代产业结构变动趋向的时空差异 ,探讨产业结构变动的原因及地区产业结构变动能力 ,并对山东产业结构走向及产业结构在地区间的协调发展提出建议。  相似文献   

Mapping radon-prone areas - a geophysical approach     

Shirav M.  U. Vulkan 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(3-4):167-173

 Radon-prone areas in Israel were mapped on the basis of direct measurements of radon (²²²Rn) in the soil/rock gas of all exposed geological units, supported by the accumulated knowledge of local stratigraphy and sub-surface geology. Measurements were carried out by a modified alpha-track detection system, resulting in high radon levels mainly in rocks of the Senonian-Paleocene-aged Mount Scopus Group, comprised of chert-bearing marly chalks, rich in phosphorite which acts as the major uranium source. Issues of source depth, seasonal variations and comparison with indoor radon levels are addressed as well. This approach could be applied to other similar terrains, especially the Mediterranean Phosphate Belt.  相似文献   

Application of statistical methods to study seasonal variation in the mine contaminants in soil and groundwater of Goa, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. S. Ratha  G. Venkataraman 《Environmental Geology》1997,29(3-4):253-262

 Soil and groundwater samples were collected during two seasons, premonsoon (April 1990) and postmonsoon (December 1990), and analyzed for major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe), trace elements (Ni, Pb, Co, Cr and Zn) and water parameters (pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, Cl and SO₄). All the data were subjected to linear discriminant analysis and partial correlation analysis in order to understand the seasonal variation in the data. It was observed from the Mahalanobis generalized distance that in both soil and groundwater samples there was a large difference in the concentration level of premonsoon and postmonsoon data. Linear discriminant functions were calculated to distinguish between premonsoon and postmonsoon samples. From the partial correlation coefficient analysis of soil samples, dominance of chemical weathering and precipitation of atmospheric fallout during monsoon were inferred. In the case of the water samples, high conductivity and high hardness in the postmonsoon samples as well as atmospheric fallout of Pb and Ni during the premonsoon period was suggested from partial correlation of water samples. Received: 19 September 1995 · Accepted: 12 December 1995  相似文献   

Experiments with Higdon's absorbing boundary conditions for a number of wave equations     

W. A. Mulder 《Computational Geosciences》1997,1(1):85-108

Simulation of wave propagation for seismic purposes is usually restricted to a small portion of the earth. Artificial boundary conditions are required where the subsurface model is truncated. Absorbing boundaries should ensure that waves hitting the artificial boundaries are not reflected. The vast amount of literature on the subject suggests that “good” conditions have not been found, and only “reasonable” solutions exist. A cursory overview of existing and a few new ideas is presented that may guide the construction of suitable boundary conditions. Because the intended application of the boundary conditions was a high-order finite-difference code that runs on a parallel computer, we have restricted our attention to local boundary conditions. A fundamental problem in the design of accurate local boundary conditions is pointed out: accuracy is required to keep the amount of reflected energy small, but at the same time allows for growing low-frequency modes. We have settled for Higdon’s boundary conditions. Higdon proposes to include some damping to suppress the growing low-frequency modes. We show that third-order conditions provide acceptable results for the simple scalar wave equation and the acoustic equation. In the elastic case, an additional low-frequency growing mode may occur. This mode can be suppressed by using a dissipative boundary scheme and by increasing the amount of damping. The increase in damping results in an increase in the amount of reflected energy, which is larger than in the scalar case. Numerical experiments exhibit a reasonable performance, although some improvement would be useful, particularly in the anisotropic elastic case. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

1979年平流层大气环流季节变化的研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

田荣湘  高由禧 《高原气象》1992,11(2):170-177

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塔中隆起古生代构造演化的分段差异性分析     

李萌  逄思宇  郭健 《化工矿产地质》2016,(4):215-220

应用平衡剖面技术探讨了塔中隆起东、西段古生代构造演化的时空差异性。结果表明,早奥陶世塔中西段在伸展背景下拉张沉降,而塔中东段已出现隆起雏形。中奥陶世-晚奥陶世,塔中隆起构造形态基本定型,东段构造变形和隆升强度高于西段。该区东强西弱的分段差异性持续到中泥盆世末期。推测与来自阿尔金方向的压扭应力自东向西逐渐递减有关,同时形成了塔中隆起东敛西散的构造形态。  相似文献   

Effect of basic state on seasonal variation of convectively coupled Rossby wave     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2017

Convectively coupled equatorial Rossby (ER) waves display maximum varability over the northern hemisphere during boreal summer and over the southern hemisphere during boreal winter. It suggests that the seasonal variation of ER waves is significantly affected by the annual cycle of basic state. However, which specific environmental factor plays a determining role remains obscure. This study investigates the background influence on the seasonal variation of ER wave by employing an intermediate anomaly atmospheric model. By prescribing boreal summer/winter seasonal mean state as the model’s basic state, the authors found that the model is able to simulate the trapping of the ER wave purtrubation over the northern/southern hemisphere as in observation. Further sensitivity experiments suggest that the moisture distribution plays a major role in modulating the ER wave structure while the mosoonal flows play a minor role.  相似文献   

历元间差分精密单点定位的精度分析     

范士杰  牟春霖  刘焱雄  陈冠旭  秦学彬 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):122-126

针对历元间差分精密单点定位技术用于地表形变监测的可行性问题,该文利用IGS跟踪站数据,对此方法的精度进行分析:借助自编程序,对IGS跟踪站不同采样率数据进行动态模拟的数据处理和误差统计,对历元间差分精密单点定位技术的精度进行比较和初步分析,验证GPS数据采样率对该技术定位精度的影响。实验结果表明,此方法能够满足地震等地质灾害引起的同震地表形变监测的精度要求。  相似文献