南支槽造成红河州强降雨的统计分析     

李艳春  叶文群  兰兰 《云南地理环境研究》2011,23(2):85-89,104

利用1980～2009年MICAPS常规资料、Tlop图、红河州24小时雨量等资料对造成红河州强降雨的南支槽过程进行统计分析。分析结果表明:造成红河州强降雨的南支槽主要出现在10月至翌年5月,其中11月份南支槽造成红河州大范围强降雨的频率较高。南支槽影响红河州时,红河州中部及南部县市出现强降雨的频率高,最高在红河州的南部,北部县市出现强降雨频率较低。深南支槽与700 hPa急流配合,浅南支槽东移与700 hPa切变线配合,或与南海高压配合,易造成红河州全州性强降雨。  相似文献   

Storm流式技术在地面气象数据处理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

廖婷婷  王彪  肖卫青  李从英  郭茜 《中低纬山地气象》2019,43(5)

地面自动站气象数据的量级、观测传输频次日益增长,传输方式从传统的文本方式发展到消息传输,对数据处理时效有了更高的要求。该文提出采用Storm流式技术进行地面自动站气象数据的解码和入库,使用Spout节点连接外部数据源,将数据转化为Tuple,传递给解码Bolt、入库Bolt和DI/EI消息Bolt,分别进行实时的入库和监控,且达到灵活调整系统资源的目的。该应用与传统的简约流程对比,稳定性、处理效率、拓展性都有了显著提高。  相似文献   

地理经纬双向过渡带和复杂地形下气候的过渡性和特异性 ——以宜昌市为例          下载免费PDF全文

毛成忠  肖湛臻  李芳  雷东洋  孟芳  覃金华  黄诚 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(1):31-37

宜昌处在我国地形第二、第三级阶梯的过渡地带,又位于我国南北过渡带秦巴山地南麓的中低纬度过渡带,长江中上游结合部,山地河谷平原并存,地形复杂,垂直高差大。气候资料分析和文献调研表明,宜昌天气气候因特殊地理环境具有过渡性和特异性：（1）年平均气温主要随地形高度递减,年总降水量主要随纬度升高减小。（2）年暴雨日数、连阴雨天数,在中西部随纬度升高而递减,等值线近似纬向排列;东部随地形升高而递增,等值线近似经向排列。（3）山地平原过渡带地形的阻挡滞留、辐合抬升等对极端短时强降水有明显加强作用,这种作用在秦岭与黄淮过渡带、太行山与华北平原过渡带有相似的天气气候效应。（4）宜昌位于江淮梅雨的西界、华西秋雨的东界,具有天气气候“分水岭”特征。（5）宜昌是暴雨雨团、西南涡移动的主要通道之一。  相似文献   

江西西北部地形对一次大暴雨过程影响的数值模拟分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘雅楠  刘熙明  邹海波  吴静 《气象与减灾研究》2021,44(2):105-114

2019年6月8—10日江西出现了一次持续的大暴雨天气过程.使用常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星TBB资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,在天气尺度环流背景和中尺度系统分析的基础上,利用WRF模式对大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析罗霄山脉地形对此次持续暴雨过程的影响.结果表明:此次暴雨过程发生在稳定维持的"两槽一脊"环流形势下,高空西风气流、低空西南急流、沿海大槽、上游移来短波槽和近地面辐合线是大暴雨过程形成的主要天气系统.中尺度云团不断生成于江西省西北部的罗霄山脉北支和中支的迎风坡附近,受沿海大槽阻挡而缓慢东移,与系统性云团合并从而导致江西省西北部地区出现持续性强降水.湘、赣两省交界处的罗霄山脉北支和中支地形对暴雨强度有实质性的影响,去除相应罗霄山脉地形的数值试验模拟的降水量明显减少.罗霄山脉附近持续长时间的辐合线是引发此次大暴雨过程的直接中尺度天气系统,其生成与低层风场辐合、低空急流和地形均有关.受地形抬升作用,对流天气系统在地形迎风坡附近不断生成并持续向东移过江西省西北部,是造成暴雨持续的重要原因.  相似文献   

RegCM-Dust模式对东亚一次沙尘暴天气过程模拟的效果检验          下载免费PDF全文

宿兴涛  孙海洋  卞双双 《气象与减灾研究》2022,45(2):145-150

为检验区域气候模式与沙尘模式耦合模式RegCM Dust的性能,以2006年东亚地区一次沙尘暴过程为例,将模拟结果与观测资料进行对比,以检验模式对沙尘天气过程的模拟能力。结果表明：模式对沙尘暴过程的地面风场特征模拟效果较好,总体上重现了大风区的分布;地面沙尘浓度和沙尘光学厚度模拟结果与观测分布总体吻合。模式虽然是区域气候模式与沙尘模式耦合模式,但由于其内核是建立在中尺度数值模式MM4基础上,因此对天气过程尤其是沙尘天气过程具备较好的把握能力,对于沙尘天气过程预测具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Impact of dynamic sedimentation on facies heterogeneities in Lower Cretaceous peritidal deposits of central east Oman   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Claire M. Sena  Cédric M. John 《Sedimentology》2013,60(5):1156-1183

This study, based in the Haushi‐Huqf area of central east Oman, aims to characterize the controls on facies distribution and geometries of some of the best preserved examples of Lower Cretaceous tidal flat facies within the Tethyan epeiric platform. Field, petrographic and geochemical data were acquired from the Barremian–Aptian Jurf and Qishn formations that crop out in a 500 × 1000 m² butte, thus allowing for pseudo three‐dimensional quantitative data acquisition of the dimensions and spatial distributions of discontinuity surfaces and sedimentary bodies. The interpretation presented here suggests that the main processes impacting sedimentation in the Lower Cretaceous peritidal environment of the Haushi‐Huqf were transport and erosion processes related to storm waves and currents. The vertical evolution of the carbonate system is organized into six types of metre‐scale depositional sequences, from subtidal dominated sequences to supratidal‐capped sequences, which are bounded by regional discontinuity surfaces. At subaerial exposure and submarine erosion surfaces associated with a base level shift, sedimentary horizons along the entire depositional profile are cut by scours possibly created by storm events. Chemostratigraphy allows correlation between the Haushi‐Huqf and the age‐equivalent sections logged in the interior of the platform in Oman. The correlation suggests that the change from subtidal to intertidal depositional sequences during the late highstand is coeval with the development of rudist dominated shoals on the shelf. This study is the first to discuss the controls on Lower Cretaceous peritidal carbonate cyclicity of the Arabian epeiric platform. The results presented here also offer a unique quantitative dataset of the distribution and dimensions of peritidal carbonate shoals and storm scours in a regional sequence stratigraphic context.  相似文献   

Depositional processes on oceanic island shelves – Evidence from storm‐generated Neogene deposits from the mid‐North Atlantic     

Ricardo P. Meireles  Rui Quartau  Ricardo S. Ramalho  Ana C. Rebelo  José Madeira  Vittorio Zanon  Sérgio P. Ávila 《Sedimentology》2013,60(7):1769-1785

Oceanic islands – such as the Azores in the mid‐North Atlantic – are periodically exposed to large storms that often remobilize and transport marine sediments along coastlines, and into deeper environments. Such disruptive events create deposits – denominated tempestites – whose characteristics reflect the highly dynamic environment in which they were formed. Tempestites from oceanic islands, however, are seldom described in the literature and little is known about storm‐related sediment dynamics affecting oceanic island shelves. Therefore, the geological record of tempestite deposits at oceanic islands can provide invaluable information on the processes of sediment remobilization, transport and deposition taking place on insular shelves during and after major storms. In Santa Maria Island (Azores), a sequence of Neogene tempestite deposits was incorporated in the island edifice by the ongoing volcanic activity (thus preserved) and later exposed through uplift and erosion. Because it was overlain by a contemporary coastal lava delta, the water depth at the time of deposition could be inferred, constituting an excellent case‐study to gain insight on the still enigmatic processes of insular shelf deposition. Sedimentological, palaeontological, petrographic and palaeo‐water depth information allowed the reconstruction of the depositional environment of these sediments. The sequence typifies the characteristics of a tempestite (or successive tempestites) formed at ca 50 m depth, in a steep, energetic open insular shelf, and with evidence for massive sediment remobilization from the nearshore to the middle or outer shelf. The authors claim that cross‐shelf transport induced by storm events is the main process of sediment deposition acting on steep and narrow shelves subjected to high‐energetic environments, such as the insular shelves of open‐sea volcanic islands.  相似文献   

Examples of convective fractionation in high‐temperature granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt     

D. Wyborn  B. W. Chappell  M. James 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):531-541

Igneous rocks derived from high‐temperature, crystal‐poor magmas of intermediate potassic composition are widespread in the central Lachlan Fold Belt, and have been assigned to the Boggy Plain Supersuite. These rocks range in composition from 45 to 78% SiO₂, with a marked paucity of examples in the range 65–70% SiO₂, the composition dominant in most other granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Evidence is presented from two units of the Boggy Plain Supersuite, the Boggy Plain zoned pluton and the Nallawa complex, to demonstrate that these high‐temperature magmas solidified under a regime of convective fractionation. By this process, a magma body solidified from margin to centre as the zone of solidification moved progressively inwards. High‐temperature near‐liquidus minerals with a certain proportion of trapped interstitial differentiated melt, separated from the buoyant differentiated melt during solidification. In most cases much of this differentiated melt buoyantly rose to the top of the magma chamber to form felsic sheets that overly the solidifying main magma chamber beneath. Some of these felsic tops erupted as volcanic rocks, but they mainly form extensive high‐level intrusive bodies, the largest being the granitic part of the Yeoval complex, with an area of over 200 km². Back‐mixing of fractionated melt into the main magma chamber progressively changed the composition of the main melt, resulting in highly zoned plutons. In the more felsic part of the Boggy Plain zoned pluton back‐mixing was dominant, if not exclusive, forming an intrusive body cryptically zoned from 63% SiO₂ on the margin to 72% SiO₂ in the core. It is suggested that tonalitic bodies do not generally crystallise through convective fractionation because the differentiated melt is volumetrically small and totally trapped within the interstitial space: back‐mixing is excluded and homogeneous plutons with essentially the composition of the parental melt are formed.  相似文献   

徐州赵圩地区新元古界风暴沉积序列类型及其水深控制          下载免费PDF全文

冯乐  窦鲁星  师庆民  江煜波  孙晓倩 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,33(2):32-39

广义的风暴沉积是自然界内外地质营力促使海水产生足够大的漩涡流,对海底及海岸冲蚀形成的一种事件沉积.徐州赵圩地区发育丰富的晚元古代风暴沉积记录,通过野外露头剖面岩性观察与室内整理,划分出7种不同水深的风暴沉积序列类型.根据冲刷面、滞积层、丘状交错层理(HCS)、液化卷曲层理等典型风暴特征,可将这7种序列与浅海陆棚边缘-台地前缘缓斜坡-台前潮上环境的连续沉积相对应.据此分析了风暴沉积序列与水深的关系,并针对本区的沉积特点对风暴沉积成因进行探讨.  相似文献   

Temporal relationship between Holocene human occupation and vegetation change along the northwestern margin of the Central African rainforest     

Anne-Marie Lézine  Augustin F.-C. Holl  Judicaël Lebamba  Annie Vincens  Chimène Assi-Khaudjis  Louis Février  Émmanuelle Sultan 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(7-8):327-335

This paper discusses the relationship between patterns of human settlements and environmental change during the Holocene along the northwestern margins of the equatorial rain forest of central Africa. Palaeoenvironmental data from high-resolution sediment cores from lacustrine deposits, plant macro-remains from forest soils, and archaeological data are harnessed to discuss the differential impact of climate and/or humans on the central African rain forest. It is shown that climate change impacted the rain forest well before the widespread expansion of human settlements all over the study area.  相似文献