非常规油气储集孔隙多尺度连通性的定量显微CT研究     

王玉丹  杨玉双  刘可禹  任玉琦  谭海  邓彪  杜国浩  谢红兰  肖体乔 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,34(1)

非常规油气储集孔隙结构复杂多样,以纳米级孔喉系统为主,局部发育毫米-微米级孔隙和裂隙。孔、裂隙大小、形态及三维连通性等微观结构特征对油气赋存状态、运移方式、渗流特征等地质问题研究具有重要意义。常规方法无法实现微纳孔隙多尺度三维结构及连通性分析。本文采用同步辐射多能CT技术,结合数据约束模型(DCM)方法对非常规油气储集微纳孔、裂隙研究,可实现多尺度三维可视化表征,进一步获得孔、裂隙体积统计分布及其三维连通结构等信息。基于上海光源显微CT实验平台,针对碳酸盐岩及陆相页岩两种样品,成功获得了孔、裂隙三维结构以及统计分布、三维连通结构等定量信息。实验结果表明,该方法有望成为非常规油气储集研究强有力的手段。  相似文献   

近百年来胶州湾沉积物中重金属元素的累积过程及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李凤业  李学刚  齐君  宋金明 《海洋学研究》2011,29(2):35-45

利用2003年9月中国科学院海洋研究所"金星二号"调查船采自胶州湾海域的6个沉积岩心样品,对其(210)Pb放射活度和重金属Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co和Ni元素的含量进行了测定,计算了其不同分布模式下的沉积速率和沉积通量,并分析了相应的岩层中重金属元素累积过程,探讨了其沉积环境意义,结果表明,胶州湾中部、东部沿...  相似文献   

秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物群落时空结构   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

丁月旻  线薇微 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(10):67-74

根据1998—2009年11月长江口及其邻近海域7个航次的调查资料,探讨了秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物群落种类组成、群落结构及多样性时空变化特征。研究结果显示,7个秋季航次共捕获鱼类浮游生物969个(尾),隶属于10目19科33种,以鲈形目种类最多(7科9种)。秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物以沿岸型种类最多(12种),其次是半咸水(10种)和近海种类(9种),淡水种类最少(4种)。秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物优势种年度间演替显著,对鱼类浮游生物群落丰度贡献最大的种类包括:半咸水型的矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和前颌间银鱼(Salanx prognathus)、沿岸型的康氏小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonnii)、近海型的鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)。2004年以后,长江口鱼类浮游生物种类数量、丰度和多样性均显著高于2004之前的调查航次。ANOSIM分析显示,长江口鱼类浮游生物群落结构年度间差异显著,且2007和2009年与其他年度不相似性最高。可以看出,秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物种类组成呈年度变异状态,2004年后长江口鱼类浮游生物群落结构变异最大,多样性呈增加趋势。  相似文献   

济南市城市热岛效应的时空分布特征     

冉桂平  李瑞  任丹  张宁  孙长征 《西部资源》2011,(6):92-94

论文应用区域自动气象站2007～2008年逐时气温观测资料,分析了济南城市热岛的时空分布特征,结果表明,无论春、夏、秋、冬,济南的城市热岛在空间分布上均以泉城广场、市政府为中心呈环状放射发展。热岛强度以冬季最强,秋、春季次之,夏季最弱。对城市热岛进行小波分析发现,济南冬季和夏季城市热岛的主要振荡周期是以准24h为代表的日变化和准270h所代表的旬变化为主。夏季日变化不如冬季明显,夏季旬变化略强于冬季。济南城市热岛以日为周期呈规律性变化,城市热岛强度表现为夜间强,白天弱。  相似文献   

Geochemical behaviours of chemical elements during subduction-zone metamorphism and geodynamic significance     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1253-1277

ABSTRACT

Seafloor subduction and subduction-zone metamorphism (SZM) are understood to be the very cause of both subduction-zone magmatism and mantle compositional heterogeneity. In this article, we compile geochemical data for blueschist and eclogite facies rocks from global palaeo-subduction-zones in the literature, including those from the Chinese Western Tianshan ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. We synthesize our up-to-date understanding on how chemical elements behave and their controls during subduction-zone metamorphism. Although the compositional heterogeneity of metamorphic minerals from subducted rocks has been recently reported, we emphasize that the mineral compositional heterogeneity is controlled by elemental availability during mineral growth, which is affected by the protolith composition, the inherited composition of precursor minerals, and the competition with neighbouring growing minerals. In addition, given the likely effects of varying protolith compositions and metamorphic conditions on elemental behaviours, we classify meta-mafic rocks from global palaeo-subduction-zones with varying metamorphic conditions into groups in terms of their protolith compositions (i.e. ocean island basalt (OIB)-like, enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like, normal [N]-MORB-like), and discuss geochemical behaviours of chemical elements within these co-genetic groups rather than simply accepting the conclusions in the literature. We also discuss the geochemical consequences of SZM with implications for chemical geodynamics, and propose with emphasis that: (1) the traditionally accepted ‘fluid flux induced-melting’ model for arc magmatism requires revision; and (2) the residual subducted ocean crust cannot be the major source material for OIB, although it can contribute to the deep mantle compositional heterogeneity. We also highlight some important questions and problems that need further investigations, e.g. complex subduction-zone geochemical processes, different contributions of seafloor subduction and resultant subduction of continental materials, and the representativeness of studied HP–UHP metamorphic rocks.  相似文献   

Choice between competitive pairs of frequency models for use in hydrology: a review and some new results     

F. Ashkar 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1092-1106

Abstract

The potential is investigated of the generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) technique in modelling of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) obtained using the FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) equation. Various combinations of daily climatic data, namely solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, are used as inputs to the ANN so as to evaluate the degree of effect of each of these variables on ET₀. In the first part of the study, a comparison is made between the estimates provided by the GRNN and those obtained by the Penman, Hargreaves and Ritchie methods as implemented by the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS). The empirical models were calibrated using the standard FAO PM ET₀ values. The GRNN estimates are also compared with those of the calibrated models. Mean square error, mean absolute error and determination coefficient statistics are used as comparison criteria for the evaluation of the model performances. The GRNN technique (GRNN 1) whose inputs are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, gave mean square errors of 0.058 and 0.032 mm² day^?2, mean absolute errors of 0.184 and 0.127 mm day^?1, and determination coefficients of 0.985 and 0.986 for the Pomona and Santa Monica stations (Los Angeles, USA), respectively. Based on the comparisons, it was found that the GRNN 1 model could be employed successfully in modelling the ET₀ process. The second part of the study investigates the potential of the GRNN and the empirical methods in ET₀ estimation using the nearby station data. Among the models, the calibrated Hargreaves was found to perform better than the others.  相似文献   

Response‐only modal identification of structures using strong motion data     

S. F. Ghahari  F. Abazarsa  M. A. Ghannad  E. Taciroglu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1221-1242

Dynamic characteristics of structures — viz. natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes — are central to earthquake‐resistant design. These values identified from field measurements are useful for model validation and health‐monitoring. Most system identification methods require input excitations motions to be measured and the structural response; however, the true input motions are seldom recordable. For example, when soil–structure interaction effects are non‐negligible, neither the free‐field motions nor the recorded responses of the foundations may be assumed as ‘input’. Even in the absence of soil–structure interaction, in many instances, the foundation responses are not recorded (or are recorded with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio). Unfortunately, existing output‐only methods are limited to free vibration data, or weak stationary ambient excitations. However, it is well‐known that the dynamic characteristics of most civil structures are amplitude‐dependent; thus, parameters identified from low‐amplitude responses do not match well with those from strong excitations, which arguably are more pertinent to seismic design. In this study, we present a new identification method through which a structure's dynamic characteristics can be extracted using only seismic response (output) signals. In this method, first, the response signals’ spatial time‐frequency distributions are used for blindly identifying the classical mode shapes and the modal coordinate signals. Second, cross‐relations among the modal coordinates are employed to determine the system's natural frequencies and damping ratios on the premise of linear behavior for the system. We use simulated (but realistic) data to verify the method, and also apply it to a real‐life data set to demonstrate its utility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The Coefficient of Localization—An Addendum     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):338-339

Geographical data sets sometimes contain missing observations that need to be estimated. A statistical approach to the problem is discussed for multivariate normal spatial data sets satisfying the first-order spatial Markov property with constant mean, where the information at neighboring or contiguous observed sites is used to estimate the missing values. The completed data are used to estimate the parameters of the distribution. The procedure is iterative. The approach is a special case of the Orchard and Woodbury missing information principle. The paper concludes with an illustrative empirical example using rainfall data from an area of Kansas and Nebraska. The quality of the estimates for different sites are compared.  相似文献   

Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions     

R. Haeusler  A. F. Badea  H. Rebel  I. M. Brancus  J. Oehlschlger 《Astroparticle Physics》2002,17(4):271-426

Event-by-event measured arrival time distributions of extensive air shower (EAS) muons are affected and distorted by various interrelated effects which originate from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number (multiplicity) of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of the individual EAS events. The origin of these effects is discussed, and different correction procedures, which involve detailed simulations, are proposed and illustrated. The discussed distortions are relevant for relatively small observation distances (R_μ<200 m) from the EAS core. Their significance decreases with increasing observation distance and increasing primary energies. Local arrival time distributions which refer to the observed arrival time of the first local muon prove to be less sensitive to the mass of the primary. This feature points to the necessity of arrival time measurements with additional information on the curvature of the EAS disk.  相似文献   

Implications of heterogeneous flood‐frequency distributions on traditional stream‐discharge prediction techniques     

Younes Alila  Ahmed Mtiraoui 《水文研究》2002,16(5):1065-1084

Traditional flood‐frequency analysis involves the assumption of homogeneity of the flood distribution. However, floods are often generated by heterogeneous distributions composed of a mixture of two or more populations. Differences between the populations may be the result of a number of factors, including seasonal variations in the flood‐producing mechanisms, changes in weather patterns resulting from low‐frequency climate shifts and/or El Niño/La Nina oscillations, changes in channel routing owing to the dominance of within‐channel or floodplain flow, and basin variability resulting from changes in antecedent soil moisture. Not recognizing these physical processes in conventional flood‐frequency analysis probably is the main reason that many frequency distributions do not provide an acceptable fit to flood data. In this paper, we use long‐term hydroclimatic records from the Gila River basin of south‐east and central Arizona in the USA to explore the extent and significance of mixed populations. First, we discuss the probable causes of heterogeneity in the frequency distribution of annual flood and present evidence of its occurrence. Second, we investigate the implications of using various popular homogeneous distributions for predicting peak flows for basins that exhibit mixed population characteristics. Third, we demonstrate how alternative frequency models that explicitly account for floods generated by a mixture of two or more populations are both hydrologically and statistically more appropriate. We illustrate how the selection of the most plausible distribution for flood‐frequency analysis also should be based on hydrological reasoning as opposed to the sole application of the traditional statistical goodness‐of‐fit tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献