覆盖麦田的小气候特征   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

朱自玺  赵国强  邓天宏  方文松  付祥军 《应用气象学报》2000,(Z1)

麦田进行秸杆覆盖后 ,由于地表热学性质和动力学性质的变化 ,使近地层水热状况发生改变 .1 997年 3月份小气候观测表明 :覆盖后白天能提高近地层的空气温度 ,减小近地层空气湿度 ,明显降低地温 ;覆盖后麦田乱流交换系数增大 ,显热通量增大 ,潜热通量减小 ,亦即用于土壤蒸发的能量减小 ,使土壤蒸发减小 ,从而从能量平衡角度解释了覆盖的保墒机理  相似文献   

随钻监测技术在气体钻井中的应用     

朱礼平  ;卫亚明  ;冯靓  ;刘绘新  ;李永杰 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(4):87-90

气体钻井是近年来兴起的一种实用钻井技术,具有保护油气产层、提高钻速、缩短建井周期及处理井漏事故等优点,应用范围越来越广泛。与常规钻井液钻井相比,气体钻井是单向循环,使用气体作为循环介质来携带岩屑、清洗井眼,使得现有录井监测系统还不能满足气体钻井现场参数监测需要,易出现钻具失效、井下燃爆、地层出水及井壁坍塌等复杂钻井问题,影响气体钻井的安全性。基于井下燃爆理论和监测监控系统技术,开展了随钻监测基本原理研究,形成了UBD气体监测系统及分析技术;通过在多口井气体钻井现场服务,验证了气体监测系统及分析技术的合理性和实用性,为安全顺利实施气体钻井提供了有力的技术支持。  相似文献   

水泥熟料生产企业CO2直接排放核算模型的建立     

杨楠  李艳霞  赵盟  吕晨  刘中良  陈莎 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(1):79-87

为快速掌握区域内全部水泥企业的碳排放情况,在部分企业实际生产数据未知时,也能建立其生产碳排放清单,文中基于熟料生产特征,构建了可根据设备设计产能和运行时长两种参数来核算企业CO2排放的数值模型.以京津冀地区59条典型水泥熟料生产线的生产数据作为统计样本,借助Eviews对生产线的实际产能、熟料烧成煤耗与设计产能间的关系...  相似文献   

东南亚生物质燃烧对我国霾和降水的影响     

王继康  江琪  尤媛  饶晓琴  盛黎  桂海林  花丛  张碧辉 《气象》2021,47(3):348-358

基于生物质燃烧排放源清单、地面观测和数值模式对东南亚中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶的排放特征,以及其在2020年春季对我国云南地区霾天气和南方前汛期降水过程的影响进行了分析.结果 表明:中南半岛生物质燃烧气溶胶排放主要集中于每年3-4月,排放峰值时段集中于3月下旬至4月上旬,主要排放区域为缅甸东部和老挝北部.中南半岛生物质燃...  相似文献   

Oligomerization of levoglucosan by Fenton chemistry in proxies of biomass burning aerosols     

Bryan J. Holmes  Giuseppe A. Petrucci 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,58(2):151-166

Reactions of levoglucosan with produced from Fenton chemistry were studied in solution serving as a proxy for biomass burning aerosols. Two modes of oligomerization (≤2000 u) were observed for reaction times between 1 and 7 days using matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS). Single-mass unit continuum mass distributions with dominant −2 u patterns were measured and superimposed by a +176/+162 u oligomer series. This latter oligomer pattern was attributed to a Criegee rearrangement (+14 u) of levoglucosan, initiated by , forming a lactone (176 u). The acid-catalyzed reaction of any ROH from levoglucosan (+162 u) forms an ester through transesterification of the lactone functionality, whereupon propagation forms polyesters. Proposed products and chemical mechanisms are suggested as sources and precursors of humic-like substances (HULIS), which are known to possess a large saccharic component and are possibly formed from biomass burning aerosols (Andreae, Global Biomass Burning, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 3–21, 1991).  相似文献   

Studying the influence of turbulent mixing on thermonuclear burning regimes during X-ray bursts of neutron stars using the <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">ε</Emphasis></Subscript> model     

V. A. Simonenko  D. A. Gryaznykh  N. G. Karlykhanov  V. A. Lykov  A. N. Shushlebin 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(2):80-92

We study the influence of turbulent mixing on the development of thermonuclear flashes in the surface layers of neutron stars. A simple K _ε model that includes various physical processes is used to describe the turbulent processes. In contrast to the widespread mixing-length theory, the K _ε model does not require using additional dimensional parameters, traces the development of turbulence in dynamics, describes the various turbulence development scenarios (gravitational and shear instabilities, convection, semiconvection, etc.) in a unified way, and can be used in multidimensional numerical simulations. Empirical constants of the model are chosen on the basis of experimental data and direct numerical simulations of typical processes. We have used the Era and Tigr-3T software packages to numerically simulate thermonuclear flashes in the accretion-renewable atmospheres of neutron stars. Turbulence is shown to accelerate significantly the transport of released energy to the stellar surface. Mixing equalizes the concentrations of matter components throughout the burning layer and increases the amount of matter involved in the thermonuclear burning during a flash.  相似文献   

越南红河流域沉积物的镜下碳屑分析实验室处理方法对比研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陆岸青  李珍  李杰  Xuan Phong Dang  Eiji Matsumoto 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4):825-830

本文设计4个不同的实验方法,以越南红河流域原始森林区、河漫滩区和水下三角洲区3个不同沉积环境下的9个样品为实验对象,对镜下碳屑不同的实验室处理方法进行对比研究,实验发现样品用六偏磷酸钠分散法(方法A)和盐酸分散法(方法B)处理后,镜下碳屑形态不易分辨,杂质多,而用氢氟酸处理法(方法C)和附加醋酸酐混合液处理法(方法D),镜下碳屑的形态清晰,杂质少,碳屑数量容易统计,但是方法D中利用醋酸酐与浓硫酸混合液去纤维素与染色过程会使纤维素碳化,结果显示碳屑浓度明显比用前3种方法处理的浓度高。以上实验结果表明方法C是最优的。另外,本研究在进行碳屑统计时,利用NIS­Elements Br 3.0软件的自动统计计数功能,不仅可以减小人为计数产生的误差,还可以实现碳屑的多参数统计,有利于古环境、古气候、古植被变化的多信息解译。  相似文献   

供热燃煤锅炉清洁生产新工艺     

徐雪平 《中国勘察设计》2009,(5):26-28

以天津市和河北省某供热中心节能减排改造工程为例,介绍炉内清洁燃烧与炉外烟气净化有机结合的新工艺,达到清洁生产的效果  相似文献   

一次由秸秆焚烧引起的霾天气分析   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

张红  邱明燕  黄勇 《气象》2008,34(11):96-100

秸秆焚烧对空气质量有着负面的影响,并且会增加霾天气的发生几率.霾是一种由于大量尘粒子、烟粒子或盐粒子的存在使空气变混浊,进一步导致水平能见度下降的天气现象.结合2007年6月10日郑州市出现的一次严重霾天气,利用EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料、高空探测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及地形高度资料,从焚烧点遥感监测、污染物轨迹、地形和气象条件四个方面出发进行机理分析.分析结果表明,秸秆焚烧产生的大量烟粒子、东南气流对粒子的输送以及大气层结中连续几天出现的逆温和"郑州弯"特殊的地形是造成这次霾天气发生的主要原因.  相似文献   

Measuring ignitability for in situ burning of oil spills weathered under Arctic conditions: from laboratory studies to large-scale field experiments     

Fritt-Rasmussen J  Brandvik PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1780-1785

This paper compares the ignitability of Troll B crude oil weathered under simulated Arctic conditions (0%, 50% and 90% ice cover). The experiments were performed in different scales at SINTEF’s laboratories in Trondheim, field research station on Svalbard and in broken ice (70-90% ice cover) in the Barents Sea. Samples from the weathering experiments were tested for ignitability using the same laboratory burning cell. The measured ignitability from the experiments in these different scales showed a good agreement for samples with similar weathering. The ice conditions clearly affected the weathering process, and 70% ice or more reduces the weathering and allows a longer time window for in situ burning. The results from the Barents Sea revealed that weathering and ignitability can vary within an oil slick. This field use of the burning cell demonstrated that it can be used as an operational tool to monitor the ignitability of oil spills.  相似文献