CALIOP对一次秸秆焚烧后气溶胶光学特性的探测分析     

蔡宏珂  周任君  傅云飞  郑媛媛  王英俭 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(4):469-478

采用星载激光雷达(Cloud - Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization,CALIOP)资料研究了2008年6月2日华东秸秆焚烧排放气溶胶的光学特性,并与2006～2008年统计结果进行了对比.结果表明:1)CALIOP能够有效探测到气溶胶层,探测结果符合生物质燃烧气溶胶的...  相似文献   

Emissions from grassland burning in Kaziranga National Park,India – analysis from IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite remote sensing datasets     

K. V.S. Badarinath  T. R. Kiran Chand  V. Krishna Prasad 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):89-97

Biomass burning from vegetation fires is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we quantify biomass burning emissions from grasslands from the highly sensitive Kaziranga National Park, Assam, Northeast India. Most of the fires in the park are ‘controlled burning fires’ set by the park officials for management purposes. We evaluated the short-term impacts of fires and the resulting air pollution through integrating biomass burnt information from satellite remote sensing datasets. IRS-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data during March and April corresponding to dry season were evaluated to delineate the burnt areas. These burnt area estimates were then integrated with biomass data and emission factors for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions. Results suggested that of the total study area of 37,822 ha, nearly 3163.282 ha has been burnt during March, 2005. Within one month, the burnt area increased to 7443.92 ha by April, i.e., from 8.36% to 19.68%. In total, biomass burning from the grasslands contributed to 29.65 Tg CO₂, 1.19 Tg CO, 0.071 Tg NOx, 0.042 Tg CH₄, 0.0625 Tg total non-methane hydrocarbons, 0.152 Tg of particulate matter, and 0.062 Tg of organic carbon and 0.008 Tg of black carbon during April. The importance of ‘fire’ as a management tool for maintaining the wildlife habitat has been highlighted in addition to some of the adverse affects of air pollution resulting from such management practices. The results from this study will be useful to forest officials as well as policy makers to undertake some sustainable forest management practices to maintain an ideal habitat for Kaziranga's wildlife.  相似文献   

基于卫星观测的我国北方地区紫外吸收性气溶胶的时空分布研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宿兴涛  许丽人  张志标  吴洪星 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(1):11-20

利用气溶胶指数(Aerosol Index,AI)资料研究了东亚地区紫外吸收性气溶胶的时空分布特征,主要得出以下结论:1)雨云七号卫星(Nimbus 7,N7)和地球探测卫星(Earth Probe,EP)搭载的臭氧总量测绘光谱仪(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer,TOMS)以及臭氧监测仪(Ozone Monitoring Instrument,OMI)反演的AI数据在东亚大陆具有较好的一致性,但EP/TOMS-OMI AI的连续性较好,而N7/TOMS-EP/TOMS AI的连续性较差;2)东亚地区紫外吸收性气溶胶主要位于塔克拉玛干沙漠及其东部周边的库姆塔格、柴达木盆地沙漠、古尔班通古特沙漠、内蒙古中西部、蒙古国南部以及我国东北、华北地区;3)紫外吸收性气溶胶具有明显的月际变化特征;4)旋转正交经验函数分析不仅能分离紫外吸收性气溶胶的源区范围,还能给出源强相对大小的定性信息。  相似文献   

贵州西部燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区氟源探讨--以织金县荷花村为例     

刘家仁  王尚彦 《贵州地质》2005,22(3):192-195

地方性氟中毒病简称“地氟病”,是一种严重危害人体健康的地方病,是因人体过量摄入氟元素所致.燃煤污染型地氟病,是燃烧煤炭时氟元素挥发污染空气和被烘烤的粮食、辣椒等食品,人体通过呼吸被污染的空气和食用被污染的食品而引起的氟中毒病.笔者通过对典型重病区织金县荷花村调查,获得如下认识：高氟煤炭和高氟粘土（岩）同为燃煤污染型地氟病的氟源,上二叠统龙潭组下部地层应为其重要产出层位;查明高氟煤炭和高氟粘土（岩）的成因、分布状况和分布规律,为政府制订科学合理、切实可行的防治措施提供科学依据很有必要.  相似文献   

Last glacial fire regime variability in western France inferred from microcharcoal preserved in core MD04-2845, Bay of Biscay     

Anne-Laure Daniau  Maria Fernanda Snchez Goi  Josette Duprat 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):385-396

High resolution multiproxy analysis (microcharcoal, pollen, organic carbon, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s), ice rafted debris) of the deep-sea record MD04-2845 (Bay of Biscay) provides new insights for understanding mechanisms of fire regime variability of the last glacial period in western France. Fire regime of western France closely follows Dansgaard–Oeschger climatic variability and presents the same pattern than that of southwestern Iberia, namely low fire regime associated with open vegetation during stadials including Heinrich events, and high fire regime associated with open forest during interstadials. This supports a regional climatic control on fire regime for western Europe through fuel availability for the last glacial period. Additionally, each of Heinrich events 6, 5 and 4 is characterised by three episodes of fire regime, with a high regime bracketed by lower fire regime episodes, related to vegetational succession and complex environmental condition changes.  相似文献   

Automobile Emissions of Acetonitrile: Assessment of its Contribution to the Global Source     

Rupert Holzinger  Alfons Jordan  Armin Hansel  Werner Lindinger 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(2):187-193

Based on an estimated global fuel consumption of 2.57 × 10¹⁵g(C) y^–1 and the assumption thatthe fossil fuel burned in Austria is globallyrepresentative, an upper limit of 0.021 (+150%, –50%)Tg y^–1 for global CH₃CN emission dueto fossil fuel burning was obtained from the relativeenhancement of the concentrations of toluene, benzene,and acetonitrile (methyl cyanide) during strong,short-term traffic pollution. This is less than 6% ofthe total global budget of CH₃CN, which is dominatedby an emission rate of 0.8 Tg y^–1 from biomassburning.  相似文献   

新疆煤田火烧区特征及防治对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张秀山 《新疆地质》2001,19(2):150-152

煤田火烧区的存在，给勘探、建井、开矿带来一定危害。通过对新疆煤田火烧区区域构造和煤层火烧区特征的分析研究，阐明火烧区的主要形成因素，提出了煤田火烧区的防治对策，选用地面物探方法查清火烧区的分布范围和煤层地下燃烧状态。根据煤层高温燃烧区定期观测剖面测定结果，对新疆煤田火烧区储量的损失作了科学的推算，对煤田高温燃烧区灭火方法作简要说明。  相似文献   

燃烧麦秸对大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵起越  李新中陈添 《岩矿测试》2003,22(4):273-276

通过对集中燃烧麦秸前后北京市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分析，结合麦秸燃烧排放气体中相关成分的测试，说明燃烧麦秸对大气中多环芳烃的含量有很大的影响，提示有关部门应对之采取措施，防止大气环境质量因此而受到破坏。  相似文献   

Simulation of Global Hydrogen Levels Using a Lagrangian Three-Dimensional Model     

M. G. Sanderson  W. J. Collins  R. G. Derwent  C. E. Johnson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,46(1):15-28

Many previous assessments of the global hydrogen budget have used assumed global averages of temperatures and levels of key reactants to calculate the magnitudes of the various sinks. Dry deposition is by far the largest hydrogen sink but has not been considered in detail in previous estimates of the hydrogen budget. Simulations of hydrogen using a global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model and two different dry deposition schemes were compared with surface measurements. An improved dry deposition scheme which included the effects of soil moisture gave better agreement between the modelled hydrogen levels and surface measurements. The seasonal variation in the hydrogen levels was also simulated much more accurately with the new dry deposition scheme. The model results at high southern latitudes were insensitive to the relative partitioning of the sources between fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. The results indicate a global mean hydrogen dry deposition velocity of 5.3×10^–4 m s^–1 which is lower than the previously used 7×10^–4 m s^–1.  相似文献   

综合物探手段在煤田灭火中的作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨永明 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(4):55-56

新疆是煤田火区最严重的地区，每年烧掉煤炭资源1003万t、严重影响着当地的经济发展和生态环境。为此，新疆综合地质勘查队利用综合物探手段，对煤田火烧区进行勘探，探明火区内的地质构造、火区范围及燃烧深度，为煤田开灭火设计及施工提供必要的地质依据.  相似文献