Maastrichtian to Paleocene depositional environment of the Dakhla Formation, Western Desert, Egypt: sedimentology, mineralogy, and integrated micro- and macrofossil biostratigraphies     

A. A. Tantawy  G. Keller  T. Adatte  W. Stinnesbeck  A. Kassab  P. Schulte 《Cretaceous Research》2001,22(6):795

Integrated sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microfossil and macrofossil biostratigraphies of the Maastrichtian–early Paleocene Dakhla Formation of the Western Desert, Egypt, provide improved age resolution, information on the cyclic nature of sediment deposition, and the reconstruction of depositional environments. Age control based on integrated biostratigraphies of planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and macrofossils yields the following ages for stratigraphic and lithologic sequences. The contact between the Duwi and Dakhla formations marks the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary (zone CF8a/b boundary) and is dated at about 71 Ma. The age of the Dakhla Formation is estimated to span from 71 Ma at the base to about 63 Ma at the top (zones CF8a–Plc). The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary is within the upper unit of the Kharga Shale Member and marked by a hiatus that spans from 64.5 Ma in the lower Paleocene (base Plc) to at least 65.5 Ma (base CF2, base M. prinsii zones) in the upper Maastrichtian at Gebel Gifata, the type locality of the Dakhla Formation. As a result, the Bir Abu Minqar horizon, deposited between about 64.2 and 64.5 Ma (Plc(l) zone), directly overlies the K/T boundary hiatus. Major hiatuses also span the late Maastrichtian–early Paleocene in sections to the northwest (c. 61.2–65.5 Ma at North El Qasr, c. 61.2–69 Ma at Bir Abu Minqar and c. 61.2–65.5 Ma at Farafra), and reflect increased tectonic activity.During the Maastrichtian–early Paleocene a shallow sea covered the Western Desert of Egypt and the clastic sediment source was derived primarily from tectonic activity of the Gilf El Kebir spur to the southwest of Dakhla and the Bahariya arch. Uplift in the region resulted in major hiatuses in the late Maastrichtian–early Paleocene with increased erosion to the southwest. The area was located near the palaeoequator and experienced warm, wet, tropical to subtropical conditions characterized by low seasonality contrasts and predominantly chemical weathering (high kaolinite and smectite). A change towards perennially more humid conditions with enhanced runoff (increased kaolinite) occurred towards the end of the Maastrichtian and in the early Paleocene with shallow seas fringed by Nypa palm mangroves. Sediment deposition was predominantly cyclic, consisting of alternating sandstone/shale cycles with unfossiliferous shales deposited during sea-level highstands in inner neritic to lagoonal environments characterized by euryhaline, dysaerobic or low oxygen conditions. Fossiliferous calcareous sandstone layers were deposited in well-oxygenated shallow waters during sea-level lowstand periods.  相似文献   

Rheological Strength of UHP Eclogite from Dabieshan: Evidences from High p-T Experiments     

Zhang Junfeng  Jin Zhenmin  Green H W  JIN Shuyan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)

ＴｈｅｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂａｓａｌｔｔｏｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＭｏｈｏｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙｉｎ 196 0ｓｅｖｅｒｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｂｒｏａｄｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｔｏｇｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ (ＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄａｎｄＧｒｅｅｎ ,1996 ;ＧｒｅｅｎａｎｄＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄ ,1972 ;ＩｔｏａｎｄＫｅｎｎｅｄｙ ,1971;ＫｕｓｈｉｒｏａｎｄＡｏｋｉ,196 8) .Ｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｖ ｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏｅｓ…  相似文献   

Hercynian blueschist metamorphism in North Portugal: tectonothermal implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. I. GIL IBARGUCHI  R. D. DALLMEYER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(5):539-549

Abstract Aegirine–jadeite clinopyroxene (>60 mol% jadeite) locally occurs within blueschists of the 'Lower Allochthon'exposed in the Trás-os-Montes region of northern Portugal. Peak conditions attained during blueschist facies metamorphism are estimated to have been c. 420° C and >11 kbar. Porphyroblastic white mica (paragonite/phengite) within the blueschist assemblage records a ³⁶Ar/⁴⁰Ar versus ³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar isotope correlation age of 329.4 ± 1.6 Ma. In view of the relatively low- T nature of the metamorphism, the c. 330-Ma age is interpreted to date closely the high- P recrystallization. This tectonothermal activity is interpreted to have resulted from structural emplacement of a previously assembled crystalline nappe complex ('Upper Allochthon/Ophiolite Nappe') onto Iberian protoliths of the Lower Allochthon during terminal stages of the Hercynian orogeny.  相似文献   

热带风场与气压场的客观分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛纪善  王康玲 《大气科学》1992,16(2):158-166

本文着重讨论了为恰当定义热带风场的辐散分量,客观分析方案所应具备的基本条件,指出过去通行的分析方案在这方面的严重缺陷,并提出了一个改进方案.理想与实测资料的分析结果都表明,新的分析方案在保留分析流场的辐散分量与减小分析误差方面都有明显的效果.同时新的分析方案还提供了低纬度实施多变量分析的可能性,从而部分地缓解了低纬度观测资料不完整所造成的困难.  相似文献   

Contrasting thermomechanical evolutions in the Southalpine metamorphic basement of the Orobic Alps (Central Alps, Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. DIELLA  M. I. SPALLA  A. TUNESI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(2):203-219

In the Southern Alps a progressive metamorphic zonation, with an increase in the geothermal gradient from NE to SW, has been widely proposed. However, recent investigations have shown that the greenschist metamorphic imprint of the low-grade zone corresponds to a metamorphic retrogression following amphibolite facies conditions. On the other hand, in the medium-grade zone, a later low-pressure, high-temperature (LPHT) metamorphic event has also been proposed. In an attempt to resolve these different interpretations, new petrological and partly new structural data have been obtained for two sectors of the Orobic Alps, traditionally attributed to different metamorphic zones. Thermobarometric determinations, supported by microstructural analysis, indicate the following different pressure-retrograde paths in each sector: (1) in the Val Vedello basement (VVB) rocks, a first metamorphic imprint characterized by P = 7–9 kbar and T = 570–610°C was followed by a greenschist retrogression ( P ≤ 4 kbar and T ≤ 500° C); (2) in the Lario basement (LB) rocks, the first detectable metamorphic stage, characterized by mineral assemblages indicating P = 7–9 kbar and T = 550–630° C, was followed by a LPHT event, synkinematic with F2 extensional deformation. A greenschist retrogression marks the final uplift of these rocks.
Reinterpretation of the available geochronological data indicates a diachronism for the two thermomechanical evolutions. In the light of these data, we interpret the retrograde P–T–t path of the VVB rocks as a pre-Permian post-thickening uplift and the retrograde P–T–t evolution of the LB rocks as a Permo-Mesozoic uplift related to the extensional tectonic regime of the Tethyan rifting.  相似文献   

链子崖T_（11）—T_（12）缝段危岩体开裂变形机制   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘传正  张明霞 《地学前缘》1996,3(2):234-240

文章全面描述了链子崖Ｔ（１１）—Ｔ（１２）缝段危岩体的开裂形变特征，探讨了危岩体形成的影响因素，如重力、煤层采空区、降雨、水库蓄水、勘探掘进和地震等，指出其破坏机理是重力主导下的不对称的压力拱与悬臂梁（板）弯矩的联合作用。危岩体可以分成具有不同稳定程度的若干块体，治理工程也应针对它们的不同特点而设计。  相似文献   

Radiometric ages of Alpine metamorphic rocks in the western and central Alps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroyuki  Takeshita Tetsumaru  Itaya 《Island Arc》1993,2(4):193-212

Abstract The chronological characteristics of Alpine metamorphic rocks are described and Alpine metamorphic events are reinterpreted on the basis of chronological data for the western and central Alps from 1960 to 1992. Metamorphic rocks of the Lepontine, Gran San Bernardo, Piemonte, Internal Crystalline Massifs and Sesia-Lanzo mostly date Alpine metamorphic events, but some (along with granitoids and gneisses from the Helvetic and Southern Alps) result from the Variscan, Caledonian or older events and thus predate the Alpine events. Radiometric age data from the Lepontine area show systematic age relations: U-Pb monazite (23-29 Ma), Rb-Sr muscovite (15–40 Ma) and biotite (15–30 Ma), K-Ar biotite (10-30 Ma), muscovite (15–25 Ma) and hornblende (25-35 Ma), and FT zircon (10-20 Ma) and apatite (5-15 Ma), which can be explained by the different closure temperatures of the isotopic systems. A 121 Ma U-Pb zircon age for a coesite-bearing whiteschist (metaquartzite) from the Dora-Maira represents the peak of ultra-high pressure metamorphism. Coesite-free eclogites and blueschists related to ultra-high pressure rocks in the Penninic crystalline massifs yield an ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau age of about 100 Ma for phengites, interpreted as the cooling age. From about 50 Ma, eclogites and glaucophane schists have also been reported from the Piemonte ophiolites and calcschists, suggesting the existence of a second high P/T metamorphic event. Alpine rocks therefore record three major metamorphic events: (i) ultra-high and related high P/T metamorphism in the early Cretaceous, which is well preserved in continental material such as the Sesia-Lanzo and the Penninic Internal Crystalline Massifs; (ii) a second high P/T metamorphic event in the Eocene, which is recognized in the ophiolites and calcschists of the Mesozoic Tethys; and (iii) medium P/T metamorphism, in which both types of high P/T metamorphic rocks were variably reset by Oligocene thermal events. Due to the mixture of minerals formed in the three metamorphic events, there is a possibility that almost all geochronological data reported from the Alpine metamorphic belt show mixed ages. Early Cretaceous subduction of a Tethyan mid-ocean ridge and Eocene continental collision triggered off the exhumation of the high pressure rocks.  相似文献   

飞仙关组紫色页岩作为矿质肥源的试验     

周大海 《山地学报》1993,(4)

四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组(T_1f)紫色页岩,富含有机质、磷和多种微量元素T_1f紫色母质添加到两类基础肥力较低的紫色母质和黄壤内,种植稻麦试验后对照结果表明T_1f紫色页岩肥效显著,因此它是一种矿质肥源。  相似文献   

A systematic and efficient method of computing normal modes for multilayered half-space   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Xiaofei Chen 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(2):391-409

  相似文献   

用泥岩压实法推算东营期剥蚀厚度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡云昌 《上海国土资源》1994,(3)

本文依据泥岩压实的物理化学过程,建立了超深井泥岩压实趋势模型;提出推算东营期剥蚀厚度应在正常的机械压实段,以压实泥岩时差为下限,向上作统计趋势线;并讨论了压实斜率和地表传播时差取值问题。  相似文献