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11.
利用 TOGA COARE IOP期间“向阳红五号”调查船在 2°S、 1 55°E附近进行的 3个航段的多项目综合性科学考察资料 ,对西太平洋暖池海域的热状况进行了分析。结果表明 ,在 TO-GA COARE IOP期间 ,西太平洋暖池海域的热状况具有 El Nino事件发生前的特征。对航段平均来说 ,暖池深度、海洋上层混合层深度和海面至 2 60 m水层的平均温度 ,均是逐航段递次减小的。这种 El Nino事件发生前的热状况特征是该海域海表盛行风向转为西风 ,东向流加强 ,暖水流失的结果。此外 ,在航段内各热状况要素也存在由局地海气耦合性变化造成的数天至十多天尺度的变化。 相似文献
12.
COARE算法估算海气界面热通量的个例对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文先对NCEP分析风、QSCAT/NCEP混合风、MM5中尺度模式分析风场进行了比对分析,发现具有高分辨率的QSCAT/NCEP混合风资料给出的高风速数值较好,但给出的高风速开始时间相对较早;NCEP分析风资料给出的高风速数值明显偏小;MM5分析风场较为可信,只不过模拟的高风速数值还是相对偏小.使用COARE算法（版本3.0）计算了四种资料情况下的渤、黄海海域一次冷空气大风过程的海表面湍流热通量,并与MM5诊断分析结果进行了对比分析.结果发现相同资料情况下,MM5结果跟COARE算法所算海气热通量（包括感热和潜热）在区域分布和时间变化规律上均较为一致,中、低风速情况下,结果比较接近;但是高风速情况下两者差异显著. 相似文献
13.
EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM RAINFALL SEPARATION SCHEMES BY PRECIPITATION AND CLOUD STATISTICS 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this study,two convective-stratiform rainfall partitioning schemes are evaluated using precipitation and cloud statistics for different rainfall types categorized by applying surface rainfall equation on grid-scale data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation.One scheme is based on surface rainfall intensity whereas the other is based on cloud content information.The model is largely forced by the large-scale vertical velocity derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment(TOGA COARE).The results reveal that over 40% of convective rainfall is associated with water vapor divergence,which primarily comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric drying and water hydrometeor loss/convergence,caused by precipitation and evaporation of rain.More than 40% of stratiform rainfall is related to water vapor convergence,which largely comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric moistening and hydrometeor loss/convergence attributable to water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain and ice clouds through the conversion from ice hydrometeor to water hydrometeor.This implies that the separation methods based on surface rainfall and cloud content may not clearly separate convective and stratiform rainfall. 相似文献
14.
TOGA型海-气耦合模式直接模拟的SST误差分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对一个TOGA(热带太平洋和全球大气)型耦合环流模式直接耦合30 a(1980—2009年)的模拟结果进行分析,发现模拟的热带太平洋海表温度存在严重的"气候漂移"现象。通过对模式海表温度控制方程中加热和冷却项的分析,特别是对海表热通量和风应力的分析,指出了两者的误差在热带太平洋海表温度的"气候漂移"现象中扮演的角色。为了进一步证实分析的结果,通过4个敏感性试验分析热通量和风应力对热带太平洋海表温度分布的作用,特别是热通量对西太平洋暖池的形成,而风应力对东太平洋冷舌的形成均有重要的作用以及纬向风应力和经向风应力对冷舌形成的相对贡献。 相似文献
15.
The Signature of Sea Spray in the Hexos Turbulent Heat Flux Data 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The role of sea spray intransferring heat and moisture across the air-sea interface has remained elusive. Some studies have reported that sea spray does not affect the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes for 10-m wind speeds up to at least 25 m s-1, while others have reported important spray contributions for wind speeds as low as 12 m s-1. One goal of the HEXOS (Humidity Exchange over the Sea) program was to quantify spray's contribution to the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes, but original analyses of the HEXOS flux data found the spray signal to be too small to be reliably identified amid the scatter in the data. We look at the HEXOS data again in the context of the TOGA-COARE bulk flux algorithm and a sophisticated microphysical spray model. This combination of quality data andstate-of-the-art modelling reveals a distinct spray signature in virtually all HEXOS turbulent heat flux data collected in winds of 15 m s-1 and higher. Spray effects are most evident in the latent heat flux data, where spray contributes roughly 10% of the total turbulent flux in winds of 10 m s-1 and between 10 and 40% in winds of 15–18 m s-1. The spray contribution to the total sensible heat flux is also at least 10% in winds above 15 m s-1. These results lead to a new, unified parameterization for the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes that should be especially useful in high winds because it acknowledges both the interfacial and spray routes by which the sea exchanges heat and moisture with the atmosphere. 相似文献
16.
Ship-board measurements and estimations of air-sea fluxes in the western tropical pacific during TOGA COARE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Direct air-sea flux measurements were made on R/V Kexue #1 at 4 ° S, 156 ° E during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA)
Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Response Experiment (COARE) Intensive Observation Period (IOP). An array of six accelerometers was
used to measure the motion of the anchored ship, and a sonic anemometer and Lyman-α hygrometer were used to measure the turbulent
wind vector and specific humidity. The contamination of the turbulent wind components by ship motion was largely removed by
an improvement of a procedure due to Shao based on the acceleration signals. The scheme of the wind correction for ship motion
is briefly outlined. Results are presented from data for the best wind direction relative to the ship to minimize flow distortion
effects. Both the time series and the power spectra of the sonic-measured wind components show swell-induced ship motion contamination,
which is largely removed by the accelerometer correction scheme. There was less contamination in the longitudinal wind component
than in the vertical and transverse components. The spectral characteristics of the surface-layer turbulence properties are
compared with those from previous land and ocean results. Momentum and latent heat fluxes were calculated by eddy correlation
and compared to those estimated by the inertial dissipation method and the TOGA COARE bulk formula. The estimations of wind
stress determined by eddy correlation are smaller than those from the TOGA COARE bulk formula, especially for higher wind
speeds, while those from the bulk formula and inertial dissipation technique are generally in agreement. The estimations of
latent heat flux from the three different methods are in reasonable agreement. The effect of the correction for ship motion
on latent heat fluxes is not as large as on momentum fluxes. 相似文献
17.
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18.
19.
During Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA)/Coupled Ocean and Atmosphere Research Experiment (COARE) Intensive Observing Period (IOP), upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) and current meters were moored at two equatorial sites (147°E and 154°E) and two off-equatorial sites (2°N and 2°S, 156°E) in the warm pool region of the western equatorial Pacific. Using current data obtained by these moorings, we have shown that there is a dominant signal with a period of about 2 days from the end of November to the middle of December in 1992, except at the equatorial site on 147°E (Ueki et al., 1998). The energy of this quasi-2-day signal for the meridional current is larger than that for the zonal one and the signal has a high coherence between two off-equatorial sites. In this paper, using band-passed time series of the meridional curerent, we investigated characters of the quasi-2-day signal and attempted to interpret this signal as an equatorially trapped wave. Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis reveals two different phase propagating features between the equatorial and off-equatorial site. One is an upward propagating signal, which is dominant near the surface at two off-equatorial sites, and the other is a downward propagating signal, which is dominant near 200 m at the equatorial site. If one interprets the quasi-2-day signal as an equatorially trapped wave, it is suggested that it cannot be explained as a single wave but can be described as the superimposition of several wave signals. The main part of these signals consists of two signals, one caused by a meteorological forcing and another by another factor in the ocean field. 相似文献
20.
本文应用高风速条件下海面动力粗糙度长度,拓展了COARE3.0块体通量算法,考虑高风速下,海洋飞沫对热通量的贡献。利用GSSTF3(Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes Version 3)遥感产品、GSSTF_NCEP(National Centers Environmental Prediction)再分析资料和浮标KEO实测数据,探讨了中国南海台风LEO和西北太平洋台风SOULIK期间湍流热通量的变化。研究结果表明:感热通量与潜热通量相比很小;台风的轨迹与潜热通量的分布密切相关且在台风轨迹的东偏北区域潜热通量数值大;在热带低压之前,原潜热通量与改进后潜热通量的差值即飞沫热通量很小,随着台风等级的增加,飞沫热通量也增加。当台风LEO达到最高即台风级别时原潜热通量达到300W/m2,飞沫热通量与原通量的比值高达12%,而台风SOULIK达到强台风级别时原潜热通量达到1000W/m2,飞沫热通量与原通量的比值达到20%,显著高于台风LEO,飞沫效应更明显。 相似文献