2018年辽宁地区两次大雾天气成因分析     

阎琦  李爽  滕方达  吴芳妮  梁淑娥  张爱忠 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(6):91-97

应用能见度观测仪、风廓线雷达、加密自动站和常规气象观测等资料,从天气学角度对2018年1月17—18日和11月24—25日辽宁地区两次大雾天气特点及边界层热动力条件对大雾形成的影响进行分析。结果表明：两次大雾天气表现与成因较为类似。大雾发展均有两个阶段,且天气背景条件相似。其中大雾第一阶段主要为辐射雾,辽宁中部位于弱辐合带上,大雾出现在偏南气流中,偏南风将海上水汽输送到营口—沈阳一带,辐射降温配合弱的上升冷却作用,形成近地面逆温,同时温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大,导致大雾爆发性发展。大雾第二阶段,在次日07—08时冷平流入侵近地面层,逆温层再次建立导致大雾发展,低层弱冷平流到达地面时间和位置是大雾精细化预报的关键因素。  相似文献   

腾冲火山区壳内岩浆囊现今温度:来自温泉逸出气体 CO₂、CH₄间碳同位素分馏的估计   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵慈平  冉华  陈坤华 《岩石学报》2011,27(10):2883-2897

温度是岩浆囊的重要物理参数,获取温度参数并监测其变化对更好地理解岩浆囊的物理化学性质和行为、评价火山的活动性和喷发危险性具有重要的理论和现实意义.本文通过对温泉逸出气体CO2和CH4碳同位素样品的采集、分析测试,利用Horita通过实验矫正的Richet的平衡分馏系数的理论计算数据,通过拟合得到的CO2-CH4碳同位素平衡分馏方程T(K)=3880.3(10001nα(CO2-CH4))-0.5984,计算了腾冲火山区现存3个岩浆囊的温度.结果表明:在整个腾冲火山区,由CO2和CH4的碳同位素分馏值计算的气体源区平衡温度最低397℃,最高1163℃,平均615℃.腾冲火山区的3个岩浆囊中,南部五合-龙江-浦川岩浆囊的现今温度在464～1163℃,平均773℃,温度最高;中部腾冲-和顺-热海岩浆囊的现今温度在438 ～773℃间,平均达566℃,温度次之;北部马站-曲石-永安岩浆囊的现今温度在397～651℃间,平均达524℃,温度最低.我们认为,腾冲火山区地下岩浆囊顶部气体富集区目前的温度变化范围为400～ 1200℃,岩浆囊的实际温度应高于平均值615℃.3个岩浆囊的边缘温度可能在400 ～600℃间,中心温度可能在700～1200℃间.3个岩浆囊中心的现今温度已达到流纹岩浆(600～900℃)、安山岩(800 ～ 1100℃)和玄武岩浆(1000～1250℃)的形成温度,进一步说明腾冲火山区目前3个岩浆囊是客观存在的.另外,我们发现在用δ-△图解法判断CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏平衡的过程中,在保持2条拟合直线的斜率符号相反的条件下,无论如何剔除数据点,都不能使δ13CCO2-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线的截距bCO2和δ13 CCH4-ΔCO2-CH14拟合直线的截距bCH4之差bΔ小于0.1245,说明2条拟合直线的交点不能落于δ轴上,而这一数值与Horita方程的常数项接近,这说明CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏方程中确实存在常数项,CO2和CH4间在再高的温度下都存在碳同位素的分馏.δ-△图解法判断CO2-CH4间碳同位素分馏平衡准则应修正为:在保持2条拟合直线的斜率符号相反的条件下,δ13 CCO2-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线和δ13CCH4-ΔCO2-CH4拟合直线应相交于δ轴附近截距差0.1245处.  相似文献   

A numerical study of transport dynamics and seasonal variability of the Yellow River sediment in the Bohai and Yellow seas   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. Lu  F.L. Qiao  X.H. Wang  Y.G. Wang  Y. Teng  C.S. Xia 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

A sediment numerical model was embedded into a wave-tide-circulation coupled model to simulate the transport processes of the Yellow River-derived sediment considering the wave-induced vertical mixing (Bv) and the wave-current coupled bottom shear stress (BSS). Numerical results show that the main stream of the Yellow River-derived sediment moves first eastward off the northern Shandong Peninsula and then southward into the South Yellow Sea all year round. In spring, the sediment moves northeastward in the Bohai Sea. In summer, there is a northeastward branch of sediment in the Bohai Sea off the west coast of the Liaodong Peninsula, while the main part goes eastward to the Yellow Sea. The Yellow River-derived sediment transport from the Bohai Sea to the North Yellow Sea across the Bohai Strait is mainly limited to the top 10 m, and with a maximum centered at 37.9°N in summer. The transport from the North Yellow Sea to the South Yellow Sea across the transect of 37°N is mainly in the 0–30 m layer with a maximum around 123.7°E in autumn. The simulated Yellow River-discharged sediment deposits along the Shandong Peninsula and between 20 and 30 m isobaths in the Yellow Sea, which is consistent with observation. If surface waves are not considered in the model, the sediment deposits westward to the nearshore area in the South Yellow Sea. The sediment would deposit further southward in the numerical experiment results without wind influence. In the numerical experiment of no tide, there is hardly any sediment deposited on the Yellow Sea floor, while in the Bohai Sea most of the sediment is transported southward and northwestward around the river mouth instead of eastward as in the Control Run, indicating the tides play a key role in forming the deposition pattern.  相似文献   

The influence of environmental characteristics on fish larvae spatial patterns related to a marine protected area: The Medes islands (NW Mediterranean)     

ngel Lpez-Sanz  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Francesc Maynou  Ana Sabats 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,92(4):187

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不同条件下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)能量代谢研究          下载免费PDF全文

李婷  梁堪富  李义军  王平  孙成志  孙成波 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(1):41-46

通过设置不同温度、盐度、pH值和摄食状态的方法,研究凡纳滨对虾在不同条件下的无机磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率.结果表明,温度、体重、盐度、pH值和摄食状态对其代谢存在影响.无机磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率与体重呈负相关;在20-30℃的温度范围内,随着温度的上升,凡纳滨对虾磷、亚硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率均上升,...  相似文献   

近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的研究     

栗志民  刘志刚  谢丽  钟春城 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(1)

采用室内实验生态学方法研究近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度13~33℃范围内,近江牡蛎的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体重(W)均呈负相关,可用Y=aW-b表示。耗氧率和温度的关系可表示为RO=-c+b1t-b2 t2,耗氧率为0.626~2.354 mg.g-1.h-1;在温度13~28℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。排氨率与温度的关系可表示为RN=c1e d1t,排氨率为0.075~0.318 mg.g-1.h-1,且随温度的升高,排氨率呈持续升高趋势。近江牡蛎呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.631~3.399和1.046~2.288。在28℃,不同规格近江牡蛎呼吸氧原子数与排出氨氮原子数的比值(nO/nN)均达到最大值。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。近江牡蛎的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高46.8%和67.7%。  相似文献   

风速正弦变化下的非平稳跃移风沙流模拟     

彭晓庆  王萍 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):588-592

 采用有限体积法模拟了风速正弦变化下的一维非平稳跃移风沙流发展过程。考虑风沙流跃移系统的4个子过程,沙粒的流体起动、沙粒的运动、击溅过程和沙粒对风场的反作用。给出在风速正弦变化时,风速变化频率和振幅对于沙粒输运的影响以及输沙率、风速廓线、床面剪切应力以及起跳沙粒数的变化规律。结果表明,输沙率随着振幅增大而增大,随着周期增大而减小;在初始的overshoot现象之后,床面剪切应力变化很小,但起跳的沙粒数随风速呈现类正弦周期变化。  相似文献   

中国东南部三条富营养化河流N₂O溶存浓度及释放通量的季节与昼夜变化（英文）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽标  晏维金  马培  王佳宁 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(5):820-832

This study was performed at three eutrophic rivers in Southeast China aiming to determine the magnitude and patterns of dissolved N2O concentrations and fluxes over a seasonal (in 2009) and diurnal (24 h) temporal scale.The results showed that N2O concentrations varied from 0.28 to 0.38 (mean 0.32±0.04),0.29 to 0.46 (mean 0.37±0.07),and 2.07 to 3.47 (mean 2.84±0.63) μg N-N2O L-1 in the Fengle,Hangbu and Nanfei rivers,respectively,in the diurnal study performed during the summer of 2008.The study found that mean N2O concentration and estimated N2O flux (67.89 ± 6.71 μg N-N2O m-2 h-1) measured from the Nanfei River with serious urban wastewater pollution was significantly higher than those from the Fengle and the Hangbu Rivers with agricultural runoff.In addition,the seasonal study during June and December of 2009 also showed that the mean N2O concentration (10.59±14.67 μg N-N2O L-1) and flux (236.87±449.74 μg N-N2O m-2 h-1) observed from the Nanfei River were significantly higher than those from the other two rivers.Our study demonstrated both N2O concentrations and fluxes exhibited seasonal and diurnal fluctuations.Over three consecutive days during the summer of 2008,N2O accumulation rates varied within the range of 3.91-7.21,2.76-15.71,and 3.23-30.03 μg N-N2O m-2 h-1 for the Fengle,Hangbu and Nanfei Rivers,respectively,and exponentially decreased with time.  相似文献   

Orbital Period Changes and Long Term Luminosity Variation in Active Binary CG Cyg     

D. M. Z. Jassur  M. H. Kermani  G. Gozaliasl 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):157-160

UBV photometric observations of the active binary star CG Cygnus have been presented and analyzed to obtain absolute parameters of both components. Updated O-C diagram analysis by Kalimeris method yielded the values of 1.55× 10^-6 day and 1.4×10^-7day as the amplitudes of orbital period modulation, and P_mod1∼ 52.3 yr and P_mod2 ∼ 15.9 yr as the modulation periodicities. Finally, the consequences of period changes have been discussed on the basis of Applegate mechanism.  相似文献   

Pre-industrial-potential and Last Glacial Maximum global vegetation simulated with a coupled climate-biosphere model: diagnosis of bioclimatic relationships     

Michel Crucifix  Richard A. Betts  Christopher D. Hewitt 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,45(4):295

The global climate–vegetation model HadSM3_TRIFFID has been used to estimate the equilibrium states of climate and vegetation with pre-industrial and last glacial boundary conditions. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the terrestrial biosphere component (TRIFFID) and its response to changes in climate and CO₂ concentration. We also show how, by means of a diagnosis of the distribution of plant functional types according to climate parameters (soil temperature, winter temperature, growing-degree days, precipitation), it is possible to get better insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the biosphere model by reference to field knowledge of ecosystems.The model exhibits profound changes between the vegetation distribution at the Last Glacial Maximum and today that are generally consistent with palaeoclimate data, such as the disappearance of the Siberian boreal forest (taiga), an increase in shrub cover in Europe and an increase of the subtropical desert area. The effective equatorial and sub-tropical tree area is reduced by 18%. There is also an increase in cover of wooded species in North-Western Africa and in Mexico. The analysis of bioclimatic relationships turns out to be an efficient method to infer the contributions of different climatic factors to vegetation changes, both at high latitudes, where the position of the boreal treeline appears in this model to be more directly constrained by the water stress than by summer temperature, and in semi-humid areas where the contributions of temperature and precipitation changes may partly compensate each other. Our study also confirms the major contribution of the decrease in CO₂ to environmental changes and carbon storage through its selective impact on gross primary productivity of C3 and C4 plants and a reduction by 25% of water-use efficiency. Specifically, the reduction in CO₂ concentration increases the amount of precipitation necessary to sustain at least 20% of grass fraction by 50 mm/year; the corresponding threshold for trees is increased by about 150 mm/year. As a consequence, a reduction in CO₂ concentration considerably widens the climatic range where grasses and shrubs dominate.  相似文献