Compositions of four unusual CM or CM-related Antarctic chondrites     

Gina M. Moriarty  Douglas Rumble III 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2009,69(2):161-2323

To identify chemical group affinities and infer the occurrence of thermal metamorphism or aqueous alteration in their histories, we quantified 43 trace elements in the CM or CM-related Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites EET 96010, LAP 02277, MET 01070, and WIS 91600. We also analyzed LAP 02206, a CV chondrite, to add to our comparison database. We present whole-rock oxygen isotope data for LAP 02206, LAP 02277, and MET 01070 to complement our trace element results. With these data, we confirm the CV classification of LAP 02206 and CM or CM-like classification for the other four chondrites in this study. On the basis of moderately volatile element content, our results show that EET 96010 experienced open-system heating, while any heating LAP 02277 and MET 01070 may have experienced was in a chemically closed-system. WIS 91600, on a trace element basis, appears to be CM-like material. Our analyses support the idea that CM material has experienced a wide variety of post-accretionary processing.  相似文献   

An empirical model for estimating hydraulic conductivity of highly disturbed clastic sedimentary rocks in Taiwan     

Cheng-Yu Ku  Shih-Meng Hsu  Lin-Bin Chiou  Gwo-Fong Lin 《Engineering Geology》2009,109(3-4):213-223

This paper presents the establishment of an empirical HC model for estimating rock mass hydraulic conductivity of highly disturbed clastic sedimentary rocks in Taiwan using high-resolution borehole acoustic televiewer and double packer hydraulic tests. Four geological parameters including rock quality designation (RQD), depth index (DI), gouge content designation (GCD), and lithology permeability index (LPI) were adopted for establishing the empirical HC model. To verify rationality of the proposed HC model, 22 in-situ hydraulic tests were carried out to measure the hydraulic conductivity of the highly disturbed clastic sedimentary rocks in three boreholes at two different locations in Taiwan. Besides, the model verification using another borehole data with four additional in-situ hydraulic tests from similar clastic sedimentary rocks was also conducted to further verify the feasibility of the proposed empirical HC model. The field results indicated that the rock mass in the study area has a conductivity between the order of 10^− 10 m/s and 10^− 6 m/s at the depth between 34 m and 275 m below ground surface. Results demonstrate that the empirical HC model may provide a useful tool to predict hydraulic conductivity of the highly disturbed clastic sedimentary rocks in Taiwan based on measured HC-values.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of in situ behaviour of the Callovo–Oxfordian argillite subjected to the thermal loading     

Y. Jia  H.B. Bian  G. Duveau  K. Su  J.F. Shao   《Engineering Geology》2009,109(3-4):262-272

To enhance the understanding of thermal impact on the in situ behaviour of the Callovo–Oxfordian argillite, this paper presents an interpretation of an in situ heating experiment carried out in the Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory (M/HM URL). The argillite was heated successively by two constant heating powers: 277 W and 925 W. When subjected to thermal loading, the argillite exhibits an important volume change and a strong pore pressure response that significantly affect its hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. Numerical analysis has been performed by using a coupled theoretical formulation that incorporates a constitutive model especially developed for this material. Based on Biot's theory, this model includes the influence of interstitial pressure on the mechanical behaviour. The simulation obtained reproduces satisfactorily the results of the in situ experiment and the main observed patterns of behaviour. The interpretation and discussion of numerical results provide additional data that can help us to understand the thermo-hydromechanical behaviour concepts of saturated argillite formation.  相似文献   

模拟退火算法反演水文地质参数算例研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

魏连伟  邵景力  张建立  崔亚莉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(4):612-616

基于模拟退火算法(SA)这一全局优化技术,耦合地下水模拟的有限元模型,给出水文地质参数的反演方法.并用水文地质参数反演算例来验证反演模型的可用性和适用性.结果表明,用"变尺度"产生新的渗透系数反演结果明显优于"随机法",当初始温度在500～650、降温系数在0.92～O.95时,模拟退火法在正常情况获得了很好的反演结果,在考虑减少观测孔个数和观测水头值有误差的情况下,也取得了较为满意的反演结果.为了提高运算效率,可考虑与传统反演方法或其它人工智能算法相结合.  相似文献   

分形渗透模型在饱和冻土中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈磊  李东庆  明锋 《冰川冻土》2019,41(6):1414-1421

冻土中的渗透系数对于评估冻土工程中的水,热和溶质迁移至关重要。以往研究表明,渗透系数主要依赖孔隙结构,经常被描述为孔径大小和孔隙率,但是这两个参数并不能充分地表征孔隙结构。为加强对孔隙结构的描述,引用分形理论研究了冻土中的渗透系数。基于非均匀毛细管束模型和分形理论,提出了饱和冻土中渗透系数的分形模型,并提出通过土体冻结特征曲线获取冻土中孔径分布的理论方法。为了验证分形模型的有效性,对已有实验数据进行分析。分析表明,分形渗透系数模型是毛细管分维、最大孔径、黏度和迂曲度的函数,孔径分布变化是导致冻土渗透系数变化的根本原因。通过对比,计算值与实测值吻合较好。结果表明分形模型可以较好的预测冻土中的渗透系数,研究结果可为冻土渗透机理研究提供参考。  相似文献   

养护龄期和铅含量对磷酸镁水泥固化/稳定化铅污染土的固稳性能影响规律及微观机制     

张亭亭  王平  李江山  万勇  薛强  王士权 《岩土力学》2018,39(6):2115-2123

采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验、渗透试验和浸出试验,研究了养护龄期和铅含量对污染土固稳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：固化土的强度随养护龄期增加而增大,渗透系数和浸出浓度减小,7 d龄期的固化土强度和浸出浓度分别为0.36 MPa、1.75 mg/L,均满足环境安全标准;铅含量对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为500 mg/kg。铅含量低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着铅含量的增加而增加,渗透系数随着铅含量的增加而减小。浸出浓度随铅含量的增加而增加,但浸出浓度均低于浸出安全标准。压汞试验结果表明,随养护龄期的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,铅含量不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着铅含量的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明：随着养护龄期的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;铅含量不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于0.1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的渗透特性。  相似文献   

泥石流拦砂坝底扬压力分布及影响因素试验     

陈兴长  陈慧  游勇  柳金峰 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3229-3236

泥石流拦砂坝底的扬压力会抵消坝体的部分有效荷重,影响其抗倾覆稳定性。为了研究拦砂坝底扬压力的分布规律及其影响因素,设计制作了拦砂坝模型和扬压力采集系统,开展了不同沟床坡度和不同坝前堆积条件下的扬压力模拟试验。试验结果表明,扬压力自坝踵至坝趾不断减小,且与渗流距离呈线性关系,当坝前有堆积物时相关系数绝对值达到0.98以上;沟床坡度明显影响坝底扬压力的分布。随着沟床坡度的增加,扬压力不断减小,且对坝踵处扬压力的影响较坝趾处更大;坝底和坝前堆积物的渗透性对扬压力的影响也很显著,它们的渗透性越差,扬压力就越小;坝前堆积物的渗透性还显著影响扬压力的分布规律,渗透性越差,其分布规律性就越强。研究成果为深入研究泥石流拦砂坝底扬压力的作用过程和作用机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

The Jurassic – Tertiary unconformity: A new exploration target for supergene-enriched iron oxide copper-gold –style mineralization in the Humboldt mafic complex,Nevada, USA     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

A Late Cretaceous to Early Oligocene episode of paleoweathering and supergene activity has been identified within the Jurassic-age (170 Ma) Humboldt mafic complex (HMC) and associated Boyer Ranch Formation of west-central Nevada, USA. This episode is responsible for significant subaerial weathering, erosion, oxidation and most importantly local supergene metal enrichment which could potentially have a major economic impact upon iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG)-style mineralization within the complex and in the Boyer Ranch Formation. Paleoweathering profiles that developed on the exposed Jurassic surface during this time now mark an angular unconformity (J-T unconformity) with a stratigraphically overlying, Tertiary (Oligocene) rhyolitic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequence.Differential uplift of the Jurassic surface is a direct result of the Middle and/or Late Jurassic Luning-Fencemaker compressional overthrust faulting event during which the entire complex was tectonically transported to its present location. The uplifted Jurassic paleosurface experienced one or more cycles of weathering, erosion, depression of the water table and uninterrupted supergene activity beginning at the end of the Cretaceous and possibly accelerating during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Event (∼56 Ma). Geochemically mature supergene Cu-oxide profiles developed over exhumed mineralized sections in terrains with favorable fault block movements. These paloweathering systems evolved from moderately acidic pH to near-neutral or slightly alkaline pH environments over time. High protolith reactivity and low hypogene pyrite concentrations modified acidity of supergene fluids thus limiting Cu mobility.Profiles that survived erosion were later buried and preserved by the Oligocene-age rhyolitic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequence before the onset of mid-Tertiary Basin and Range normal faulting. Subsequent partial unroofing of overlying Tertiary volcanic cover resulted in further erosion of some profiles. Erosional remnants mapped in the field include all or some components of the original supergene Cu-oxide profiles. Drilling results suggest profiles that remain buried are generally intact.Although this field-oriented study is considered preliminary, it concludes that known Jurassic-age IOCG-style mineral occurrences in the central HMC have been subjected to prolonged subaerial paleoweathering and supergene activity that has not been previously recognized. Where complete or nearly complete profiles are preserved, efficient cumulative Cu-enrichment to potentially ore grades has been documented in well defined oxide zones. These findings can be extrapolated to the entire J-T unconformity along which concealed and enriched deposits may exist. As such, the unconformity is considered a prime exploration target that is highly prospective for new discoveries of economically viable, supergene-enriched IOCG resources.  相似文献   

钻孔岩心黏土混浊水电导率、黄铁矿、pH相关性分析及其在古沉积环境复原的应用:以渤海湾西岸平原DC01孔为例     

方晶  王福  方雨婷  潘隆  李杨  胡克  齐乌云  王中良 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(4):1154-1164

为探讨复原海岸平原沉积环境和精确划分海陆相地层的有效方法,对渤海湾西岸海河以南平原深达30 m的DC01孔岩心以约20 cm间距取样,测试黏土混浊水电导率（EC）、黄铁矿质量分数（w（FeS₂））和pH值,并开展相关分析研究。结果显示,EC与w（FeS₂）正相关（相关系数r为0.47）,而EC与pH以及w（FeS₂）与pH均负相关（r分别为-0.43和-0.52）。根据EC值的大小将DC01孔自下至上分成5个带（Ⅰ—Ⅴ）,进一步分别对5个带的EC、w（FeS₂）及pH做相关分析,结果显示,Ⅱ带相关性最为突出：EC与w（FeS₂）的相关系数为0.83,极强正相关;EC与pH的相关系数为-0.77,强负相关;w（FeS₂）与pH的相关系数为-0.45,呈中等程度负相关。根据Ⅱ带的EC和w（FeS₂）极强正相关、且EC和w（FeS₂）均明显偏高以及多发育黑色泥炭和腐殖质黏土等特征,推断Ⅱ带为受海水影响的盐沼环境;结合AMS¹⁴C测年结果,推测8 260~7 470 cal.B.P.期间,海水曾经影响到DC01孔的位置。另外,Ⅳ带的EC值也偏高,但w（FeS₂）却较低,其EC与w（FeS₂）的相关系数为-0.03,不呈正相关关系,其原因是因为接近地表的上部沉积物因淋溶作用,在Ⅳ带形成淀积层导致EC异常偏高;最上层的Ⅴ带为淋溶层,这样就导致钻孔上部（深6.7 m以上）Ⅳ带和Ⅴ带EC与w（FeS₂）的相关性出现异常。因此在讨论沉积物上部沉积环境时,将EC与w（FeS₂）综合分析可以更精确地划分钻孔岩心的沉积环境。  相似文献   

Thermal maturity of Miocene organic matter from the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic: 1D and 3D models     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

A three-dimensional reconstruction of burial and palaeogeothermal conditions is presented for Miocene sediments of the Carpathian Foredeep beneath the Outer Western Carpathians fold and trust belt in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The sedimentary units involved include autochthonous Paleozoic sequences, Miocene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep and of the Western Carpathian nappe system. Reservoir rocks with economic oil and gas accumulations occur in the fractured crystalline basement and in the Neogene Carpathian Foredeep. The studied Vizovice area, is characterized by rocks representing both Variscan and Carpathian orogenic cycles. The 3D thermal maturity and subsidence model presented allows the significance of both tectonic events to be evaluated. The model, calibrated by vitrinite reflectance from eight boreholes proved that eroded units related to the Variscan orogeny approach, in amount, those eroded during the Carpathian orogeny. The thickness of the eroded rocks does not exceed 300 m in either case. Vitrinite reflectance data from representative core samples of the Miocene organic matter show that R_r values increase with depth from 0.36 to 0.58%. A re-evaluation of archival data on the quantity and quality of organic matter shows that total organic carbon ranges from 0.20 to 2.92 wt%, and residual hydrocarbons (S₂) from 0.04 to 8.48 mg HC/g rock. These results lead to the conclusion that Neogene Unit II that was interpreted as coastline-through to shallow-marine deposition environment within the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic is potential source rock for hydrocarbon accumulations.  相似文献