雹云成雹机制及最佳催化方案的数值研究     

黄毅梅  李子华等 《河南气象》2001,(3):35-37

应用中科院大气物理研究所建立的三维雹云模式，对河南南阳1999年5月9日一次降雹过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果表明：云内存在过冷水累积区，冰雹在过冷水累积区长大；使用不同催化方案催化后，均能起到减少地面降雹的作用，但是在雹云形成的不同时间、不同的催化部位和使用不同的催化剂量，其消雹效果不一样，在冰雹形成前于过冷水累积区催化效果最好。  相似文献   

水库渗漏水中氢氧化铁的矿化特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

孙振亚  车遥  彭长琪  牟善彬  陈和生 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(4):405-408

对富水水库大坝渗漏水和析出物进行了分析和研究。析出物的主要成分为Fe2O3，并含少量Al2O3和SiO2，铁质析出物的XRD、IR、SEM和TEM分析表明，氢氧化铁的结晶程度较低，主要结晶相为针铁矿，其次为少量伊利石、蒙脱石和石英。电子显微分析观察到在非晶质氢氧化铁凝胶团和亚微米级微粒聚集体中存在特殊的显微管状和螺旋状针铁矿，显示出明显的生物矿化特征。  相似文献   

高塔,高层建筑物振动与形变的超长摆综合观测     

何世海 《地震》1997,17(4):380-388

高大建筑物（如电视塔等）在外力作用和自身老化过程中出现的形变和振动频率特性变化的监测，是灾害预测和工程检验的重要内容。具有测站移动坐标系的超长摆观测系统，可以胜任这一超宽频（0～100HZ）振动和挠曲综合观测要求。文中导出超长摆观测方程xi＝－（R~2_iQ~2_s＋P~2_i－2R_iQ_sP_icosγ_s）~(1/2)Xmsin（ωt＋θ_i）并论证了在相应参数选择下，此系统具有足够的振幅放大系数（S_i≥0．8）和振动周期观测覆盖范围；对超低频一永久形变也具有真实的监测能力（S_i＝P_i）；具有监测频带宽、动态测量范围大、无漂移、抗干扰等优点。  相似文献   

THE RECOGNITION AND TRACKING OF SEVERE CONVECTIVE CLOUD FROM IR IMAGES OF GMS     

白洁  王洪庆  陶祖钰 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1997,3(2):192-201

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Microstructural analysis of the classical spiral garnet porphyroblasts of south-east Vermont: evidence for non-rotation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. HAYWARD 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(4):567-587

New data strongly suggest that the classical spiral garnet porphyroblasts of south-east Vermont, USA, generally did not rotate, relative to geographical coordinates, throughout several stages of non-coaxial ductile deformation. The continuity of inclusion trails (S_i) in these porphyroblasts is commonly disrupted by planar to weakly arcuate discontinuities, consisting of truncations and differentiation zones where quartz–graphite S_i bend sharply into more graphitic S_i. Discontinuous, tight microfold hinges with relatively straight axial planes are also present. These microstructures form part of a complete morphological gradation between near-orthogonally arranged, discontinuous inclusion segments and smoothly curving, continuous S_i spirals. Some 2700 pitch measurements of well-developed inclusion discontinuities and discontinuous microfold axial planes were taken from several hundred vertically orientated thin sections of various strike, from specimens collected at 28 different locations around the Chester and Athens domes. The results indicate that the discontinuities have predominantly subvertical and subhorizontal orientations, irrespective of variations in the external foliation attitude, macrostructural geometry and apparent porphyroblast-matrix rotation angles. Combined with evidence for textural zoning, this supports the recent hypothesis that porphyroblasts grow incrementally during successive cycles of subvertical and subhorizontal crenulation cleavage development. Less common inclined discontinuities are interpreted as resulting from deflection of anastomosing matrix foliations around obliquely orientated crystal faces prior to inclusion. Most of the idioblastic garnet porphyroblasts have a preferred crystallographic orientation. Dimensionally elongate idioblasts also have a preferred shape orientation, with long axes orientated normal to the mica folia, within which epitaxial nucleation occurred. Truncations and differentiation zones result from the formation of differentiated crenulation cleavage seams against porphyroblast margins, in association with progressive and selective strain-induced dissolution of matrix minerals and locally also the porphyroblast margin. Non-rotation of porphyroblasts, relative to geographical coordinates, suggests that deformation at the microscale is heterogeneous and discontinuous in the presence of undeformed, relatively large and rigid heterogeneities, which cause the progressive shearing (rotational) component of deformation to partition around them. The spiral garnet porphyroblasts therefore preserve the most complete record of the complex, polyphase tectonic and metamorphic history experienced in this area, most of which was destroyed in the matrix by progressive foliation rotation and reactivation, together with recrystallization.  相似文献   

用于研究冰雪晶生长的小型垂直过冷云风洞系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龚乃虎  陶树旺  牛玉清 《大气科学》1992,16(3):353-360

研制了一个新的小型垂直过冷云风洞及其测试系统,实现了风、温数据自动采集,风洞内含水量测量方便易行.实验测量了温度-5—-18℃、含水量0.5—3.0g/m~3范围内冰雪晶生长的习性、下落速度、线性尺度增长率等诸参数.  相似文献   

Atmospheric nuclei in the remote free-troposphere     

Antomy D. Clarke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):479-488

During May-June of 1990 an extensive flight series to survey aerosol present in the upper-troposphere was undertaken aboard the NASA DC-8 as part of the CLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE). About 50,000 km were characterized between 8–12 km altitude and between 70°N and 58°S. Aerosol with diameters greater than 3nm were counted and sized with a combination of condensation nuclei counters and optical particle counters. Aerosol number and mass concentrations were separately identified with regard to both refractory and volatile components. Regions of the free-troposphere with the lowest mass concentrations were generally found to have the highest number concentrations and appeared to be effective regions for new particle production. These new particle concentrations appear inversely related to available aerosol surface area and their volatility suggests a sulfuric acid composition. The long lifetime of these new particles aloft can result in their growth to sizes effective as CN and CCN that can be mixed throughout the troposphere.  相似文献   

ON ICE FORMING NUCLEI          下载免费PDF全文

J.Rosinski  P.L.Haagenson  C.T.Nngamoto  G.Morgan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,(4)

Cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)constitute a reservoir of latent ice-forming nuclei(IFN)active by condensation-followed-by-freezing and by sorption.Two classes of aerosol particles active as IFN by sorption werefound.The first produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on temperature only.The IFN concen-tration consecutively increases with lowering of temperature and does not respond to the increasing partialwater vapor pressure.The second produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on partial water vaporpressure only,The IFN concentration consecutively decreases with decreasing of the partial water vapor pres-sure that takes place with the lowering temperature.Sulfates(mostly ammonium sulfate)constitute an integral part of IFN active by condensation-followed-by-freezing and by sorption.Backward isentropic air parcel trajectories linked polluted air rich in sulfates andclean air with high and low concentrations of IFN active by condensation-followed-by-freezing at-19.7℃ andS_w=0.1%.The experiments were performed in a dynamic filter processing chamber with aerosol particles collectedon membrane filters.  相似文献   

An iterative algorithm for removing the effect of thin cloud cover from LANDSAT imagery     

B. Chanda  D. Dutta Majumder 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(6):853-860

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm for removing the effect of thin cloud cover from LANDSAT imagery. It is seen that the noise in such images is multiplicative as well as additive. The recorded image is first processed to update different parameters of the image formation model to known values. Processing algorithm and knowledge of parameter values are developed by considering the physics of the situation. A low-pass filter is then applied to the processed image to remove the effect of the cloud. The filter is of a tapered shape, and its parameters are adjusted to minimize the estimation error.  相似文献   

GMS双光谱云图云分类微机处理系统     

郁凡  张培昌 《南京气象学院学报》1992,15(1):96-102

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