NUMERICAL STUDY ON FUNCTIONS AFFECTING TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE AND MOTION     

陈联寿  罗哲贤 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(4)

By using a beta-plane quasigeostrophic barotropic model,four numerical experiments withintegration time more than five days are performed.Results show that the vorticity advection termand beta term are two basic factors significantly affecting tropical cyclone structure and motion.  相似文献   

On the Second-Year Warming in Late 2019 over the Tropical Pacific and Its Attribution to an Indian Ocean Dipole Event※     

Licheng FENG  Fei LIU  Rong-Hua ZHANG  Xue HAN  Bo YU  Chuan GAO 《大气科学进展》2021,38(12):2153-2166

After its maturity, El Ni?o usually decays rapidly in the following summer and evolves into a La Ni?a pattern. However, this was not the case for the 2018/19 El Ni?o event. Based on multiple reanalysis data sets, the space-time evolution and triggering mechanism for the unusual second-year warming in late 2019, after the 2018/19 El Ni?o event, are investigated in the tropical Pacific. After a short decaying period associated with the 2018/19 El Ni?o condition, positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) re-intensified in the eastern equatorial Pacific in late 2019. Compared with the composite pattern of El Ni?o in the following year, two key differences are evident in the evolution of SSTAs in 2019. First, is the persistence of the surface warming over the central equatorial Pacific in May, and second, is the re-intensification of the positive SSTAs over the eastern equatorial Pacific in September. Observational results suggest that the re-intensification of anomalous westerly winds over the western and central Pacific, induced remotely by an extreme Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event, acted as a triggering mechanism for the second-year warming in late 2019. That is, the IOD-related cold SSTAs in the eastern Indian Ocean established and sustained anomalous surface westerly winds over the western equatorial Pacific, which induced downwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward along the equator. At the same time, the subsurface ocean provided plenty of warm water in the western and central equatorial Pacific. Mixed-layer heat budget analyses further confirm that positive zonal advection, induced by the anomalous westerly winds, and thermocline feedback played important roles in leading to the second-year warming in late 2019. This study provides new insights into the processes responsible for the diversity of El Ni?o evolution, which is important for improving the physical understanding and seasonal prediction of El Ni?o events.  相似文献   

Atmospheric driving mechanisms of extreme precipitation events in July of 2017 and 2018 in western Japan     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The occurrence of extreme precipitation events is now a serious concern in recent years in Japan. This study explores the atmospheric driving mechanisms of two extreme precipitation events occurred during 5–6 July 2017 and 5–8 July 2018 over western Japan. We identified that the atmospheric transport of large amounts of moisture and wind streams with wind speed of minimum 15 m s⁻¹ from south of Japan towards north on the days before these torrential precipitation events are mainly responsible for the July 2017 and July 2018 floods over western Japan. However, the contributions from the moisture advections (both vertical and horizontal) to the atmospheric water budget plays key roles to intensify the precipitations during the said torrential events. We also find that the prominent moisture flux convergence and well-developed moist conditions mainly maintain these heavy precipitation events over the downpour affected area. Our overall analysis suggests that the atmospheric factors driving to all these two heavy precipitation events are qualitatively robust and vital to explain the mechanism of extreme precipitations.  相似文献   

A general approach to the modelling of contaminant transport through composite landfill liners with intact or leaking geomembranes     

Abbas El‐Zein 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):265-287

Finite‐element models of contaminant transport through composite landfill liners require highly refined meshes around the interface between the geomembrane and the clay layer, especially if leakage through holes in the geomembrane is considered. In addition, no general formulation for transport through leaking geomembranes can be found in the literature. The paper develops a general approach to time‐dependent contaminant migration through composite liners with intact or leaking geomembranes. Equations are derived for various combinations of system conditions including Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in the waste, constant mass of contaminants in the waste, steady state or transient transport in the geomembrane, and steady state or transient seepage velocities in the mineral liner. The effect of the geomembrane on transport in the soil is converted into an equivalent boundary condition applicable at the top of the clay layer. Hence, only the media underlying the top geomembrane are explicitly represented in the numerical model, yielding a computationally efficient algorithm. The new formulation is validated in conjunction with finite‐layer, finite‐element and boundary‐element methods, by comparing its predictions to those of more conventional approaches which represent the geomembrane explicitly. The scope of the method is illustrated by modelling a landfill liner with a geomembrane leaking in five locations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

江淮流域长生命史飑线的特征分析与临近预警   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

姚晨  戴娟  刘晓蓓 《气象科学》2013,33(5):577-583

利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料,对江淮流域4次长生命史的飑线的形成原因、发展演变过程进行天气学分析。结果表明:飑线的发生需要强位势不稳定层结,且高层有冷空气的不断补充是飑线长生命史维持的主要原因之一;江苏东部的沿海地形为其发生发展提供了良好的水汽输送条件;强的环境风垂直切变,中高空急流和高空辐散场能使飑线维持较长的生命史。4次过程从雷达反射率因子图中,均可分析出典型的弓形回波结构。成熟的弓形回波结构严谨,宽度很窄,前沿有阵风锋存在。垂直结构上,在弓形回波的前侧入流一侧,存在较大的回波反射率因子梯度,回波顶位于强反射率因子梯度区之上;伴随着飑线的发展,在多普勒雷达径向速度图上有中层径向辐合和低空大范围的大风速区;中气旋和MARC可作为预报灾害性大风的可靠判据。  相似文献   

引发黄渤海大风的黄河气旋诊断研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄彬  代刊  钱奇峰  许映龙  王小光 《气象》2013,39(3):302-312

利用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°的再分析资料、常规观测资料和风云2E卫星云图资料,分析研究2011年4月26-27日突发性黄河气旋造成黄渤海大风的物理变化过程及诊断黄河气旋发生、发展的物理机制.结果表明:这次大风是在欧亚中高纬环流发生调整,高纬不稳定小槽东移发展及东亚大槽重建的过程中发生的.突发性强烈发展的黄河气旋使黄渤海产生强偏北大风.在气旋发展初期涡度平流起了主要作用,而在气旋发展中温度平流又起了主要作用;冷锋上的斜压性对于气旋发生发展起着重要作用,斜压性有利于有效位能的释放、动能制造及气旋加强;气旋始终位于Q矢量散度梯度最大区域,有利的动力和热力条件使得能量积累,促使气旋前期发展、后期维持.高空偏西急流和低空偏南急流的相互耦合,低空暖湿气流的热力强迫,使得低层大气产生强上升运动,黄河气旋强烈发展.变压梯度、气压梯度、高空风动量下传和超低空急流的偏差风辐散的共同作用,形成黄渤海强风.  相似文献   

上海一次连续大雾过程的成因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈永林  刘晓波  茅懋  王智 《气象科技》2013,41(1):131-137

利用上海市遥测能见度数据、常规气象资料和T213、GFS分析资料以及GPS-PWV资料,分析了2008年1月5-11日发生在上海地区的一次连续大雾天气过程.分析表明当有天气尺度西风槽频繁活动、槽前暖湿气流不断向气层输入暖湿空气,如再遇特定暖水面或暖海面从近地面向气层输送暖湿气流时,在晴天和微风的早晨极易形成辐射雾;当东、黄海暖湿空气从近地面流向冷水面或冷陆面,如再遇江南低空偏南暖湿气流辐合聚积时,极易形成平流雾.雾区登陆距离与东风气流强弱有关,东风气流越强,雾区西进距离越长.在平流雾期间,0～300 m平均相对湿度的高湿区与雾区吻合.当绝对湿度小于3 g/kg时不会有大雾发生,绝对湿度在9～1 5 g/kg和GPS-PWV值在15 mm左右时,在合适的大气条件下容易形成大雾.  相似文献   

陕西中部一次远距离台风暴雨过程成因分析     

武麦凤  王旭仙  王桂梅  王英 《气象科技》2013,41(1):138-145

2010年第03号台风“灿都”诱发渭河流域7月23日出现了远距离台风暴雨,利用常规高空、地面观测资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6h1°×1°再分析资料以及FY2E卫星云图资料对该次暴雨的成因进行了分析,结果表明登陆台风对暴雨的作用主要表现在以下几个方面:①为暴雨提供了水汽和能量,②为暴雨区低层提供了较强的正涡度平流,③为中尺度暴雨系统的形成提供了有利的环流背景,直接或间接地影响了中尺度云团的生消.地面中尺度系统是中尺度云团的直接影响系统,而低空急流是中尺度云团的动力源;强降雨时段与云顶亮温TBB小于等于233K区域有较好的对应关系.  相似文献   

2018年辽宁地区两次大雾天气成因分析     

阎琦  李爽  滕方达  吴芳妮  梁淑娥  张爱忠 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(6):91-97

应用能见度观测仪、风廓线雷达、加密自动站和常规气象观测等资料,从天气学角度对2018年1月17—18日和11月24—25日辽宁地区两次大雾天气特点及边界层热动力条件对大雾形成的影响进行分析。结果表明：两次大雾天气表现与成因较为类似。大雾发展均有两个阶段,且天气背景条件相似。其中大雾第一阶段主要为辐射雾,辽宁中部位于弱辐合带上,大雾出现在偏南气流中,偏南风将海上水汽输送到营口—沈阳一带,辐射降温配合弱的上升冷却作用,形成近地面逆温,同时温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大,导致大雾爆发性发展。大雾第二阶段,在次日07—08时冷平流入侵近地面层,逆温层再次建立导致大雾发展,低层弱冷平流到达地面时间和位置是大雾精细化预报的关键因素。  相似文献   

Priestley-Taylor公式的改进及其在互补蒸散模型中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵玲玲  王中根  夏军  陈喜  秦年秀 《地理科学进展》2011,30(7):805-810

Priestley-Taylor公式是无平流的假设条件下提出的,而实际情况很难满足。为了消除基本假设所带来的计算误差,原公式中引入修正系数α。但大量研究表明,修正系数α具有很大的时空变异性,取值具有很大的不确定性。本文尝试直接引入平流项的方法来反映平流的影响作用。通过在乌江鸭池河流域进行实例验证分析,结果表明该方法具有一定的合理性,能够为冬季蒸散发的计算提供最小能量保证。相比原有的修正系数法,蒸散发的计算精度得到有效提高。特别是原有公式计算出现的冬季偏小、夏季偏大的情况得到了有效的改善。  相似文献