中国地区边界层大气气溶胶辐射吸收特性   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

黄世鸿  李子华  杨军 《高原气象》2000,19(4):487-494

采用粒子采样法对中国２３个地区边界层气溶胶的吸收系数作了测量,研究了其分布特征。结果表明：中国地区边界层气溶胶的吸收系数在１０＾－６－１０＾－３ｍ＾－１之间,明显呈北高南低的趋势,四川盆地和贵州有一相对较高的中心,吸收系数与粒子含量之间的相关系数为０．７４,吸收系数与粒子含量的分布一致性较好。小颗粒的吸收性能好于大颗粒。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地气溶胶不同波段散射系数比较     

彭艳梅  高磊  王舒  肖高翔  何清  刘新春 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(3):26-32

利用2010年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站(下文简称"塔中")多波段(450、525、635 nm)积分浊度计和PM_(10)自动监测仪观测资料,并结合塔中地面气象观测资料,分析了沙漠腹地不同波段气溶胶散射系数的变化特征。分析结果显示:(1)塔中气溶胶对635 nm太阳辐射的散射作用最大,其次是525 nm,最小为450 nm。三波段(450、525、635 nm)散射系数平均值分别为:288.0、318.4、443.8 Mm~(-1)。(2)三波段散射系数日变化与PM_(10)质量浓度一致,都呈单峰变化:夜间高、白天低。在日变化中,散射系数始终保持635 nm最大,525 nm次之,450 nm最小。(3)三波段散射系数年变化基本一致,都与PM_(10)变化接近。1—5月中,除3月散射系数是450 nm最大外,另外4个月均是635 nm最大,450 nm次之,525 nm最小。6—12月散射系数都是635 nm最大,525 nm次之,450 nm最小。(4)三波段散射系数均是沙尘暴下最大,扬沙次之,浮尘最小。不同沙尘天气下,塔中气溶胶对635 nm散射作用都是最明显的,对450 nm和525nm散射作用不同:沙尘暴时,对525 nm的散射强于450 nm,在扬沙和浮尘时,对450 nm的散射强于525 nm,尤其在浮尘时。(5)三波段散射系数与PM_(10)质量浓度都呈显著正相关,PM_(10)质量浓度与525 nm散射系数相关程度最大,450 nm次之,635 nm最小。但是季节内相关程度略有差异:春、冬季PM_(10)浓度与450 nm散射系数相关程度最大,525 nm次之,635 nm最小。夏、秋季则是525nm最大。  相似文献   

Response of the Tropical Indian Ocean to Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol Forcing in the GFDL CM3 Coupled Climate Model     

Zhi Li 《大气与海洋》2018,56(1):40-54

The response of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols are investigated based on historical single-forcing and all-forcing simulations using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3 (GFDL CM3). Results reveal a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD)-like pattern in GHG forcing but a negative Indian Ocean Dipole (nIOD)-like pattern in aerosol forcing. The GHG-induced pIOD-like pattern features less (more) sea surface temperature (SST) warming over the southeastern (western) TIO, accompanied by equatorial easterly anomalies, as well as a shallower thermocline off Sumatra. The aerosol-induced nIOD-like pattern displays the reverse features, characterized by less (more) SST cooling over the southeastern (western) TIO, anomalous equatorial westerlies, and a deeper thermocline off Sumatra. Although the aerosol-induced pattern appears to resemble a reversal of the GHG-induced pattern, there is a strong asymmetry in the SST changes over the southeastern TIO, where the cooling responding to aerosol forcing exceeds the warming in response to GHG forcing, and a negative SST residual is thus produced. A mixed-layer heat budget analysis suggests that the negative SST residual results mainly from asymmetric responses of shortwave radiation, zonal advection, and diffusion to GHGs and aerosols. For comparison, the formation processes for the negative SST skewness over the southeastern TIO between the internal pIOD and nIOD are also discussed.  相似文献   

Why Is the Climate Forcing of Sulfate Aerosols So Uncertain?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hu Rongming  Serge Planton  Michel Déque  Pascal Marquet  Alain Braun 《大气科学进展》2001,18(6):1103-1120

l. IntroductionAlthough the aerosol has been recognized as an important factor which has innuence onthe past, present and future climate for a long time, it still has much uncertainty in assessingits climate forcing. The direct radiative forcing of sulfate aerosols has been estimated rangingfrom --0.3 W/ m2 to --0.9 W/ m2 in recent publications (Charlson et al., l992, Kiehl andBriegleb l993; Taylor and Penner 1994, Boucher and Anderson l995, Kieh1 and Rodhe l995;Chuang et al., l997, Penne…  相似文献   

Atmospheric nuclei in the remote free-troposphere     

Antomy D. Clarke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):479-488

During May-June of 1990 an extensive flight series to survey aerosol present in the upper-troposphere was undertaken aboard the NASA DC-8 as part of the CLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE). About 50,000 km were characterized between 8–12 km altitude and between 70°N and 58°S. Aerosol with diameters greater than 3nm were counted and sized with a combination of condensation nuclei counters and optical particle counters. Aerosol number and mass concentrations were separately identified with regard to both refractory and volatile components. Regions of the free-troposphere with the lowest mass concentrations were generally found to have the highest number concentrations and appeared to be effective regions for new particle production. These new particle concentrations appear inversely related to available aerosol surface area and their volatility suggests a sulfuric acid composition. The long lifetime of these new particles aloft can result in their growth to sizes effective as CN and CCN that can be mixed throughout the troposphere.  相似文献   

Mid-chain ketocarboxylic acids in the remote marine atmosphere: Distribution patterns and possible formation mechanisms     

Kimitaka Kawamura  R. B. Gagosian 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,11(1-2):107-122

In remote marine aerosol samples collected from the North Pacific ocean, Enewetak Atoll, American Samoa, and New Zealand, series of mid-chain ketocarboxylic acids in the range of C₆-C₁₈ were detected. All the positional isomers, except for the 2-oxo and 3-oxo species, were detected for major ketoacid families (e.g. C₉, C₁₁ and C₁₃). Higher ketoacid concentrations (up to 19 ng/m³) were obtained in the northern North Pacific aerosol samples, which generally showed an odd carbon-numbered predominance with 5-oxoundecanoic acid being the major species. By contrast, lower concentrations were obtained in the lower-latitude or subtropical aerosol samples, where even carbon-numbered ketoacids were relatively abundant.The distribution patterns of the odd carbon-numbered ketoacids could not be explained by the primary emissions from source materials including terrestrial higher plants, soil particles, and ocean surfaces. We consider that the isomeric ketocarboxylic acids are produced in the atmosphere by the photochemical oxidation of semi-volatile monocarboxylic acids, which are counterparts of the oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids emitted from seawater surfaces. Atmospheric production of the ketoacids is seemingly enhanced in the northern North Pacific, probably due to an enhanced primary productivity.  相似文献   

On the distribution of physical and chemical particle properties in the atmospheric aerosol     

Jost Heintzenberg  David S. Covert 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(4):383-397

Consideration of sources and growth dynamics of aerosols has led to the conclusion that there may be a distribution or variation of chemical composition and physical structure among atmospheric aerosol particles as a function of size, and within a narrow size range as well. A mathematical representation of these particle properties in terms of an additional dimension to the number size distribution is described. Examples of the relevance of this aspect of aerosol characterization for physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere are discussed. A review of the available techniques shows that several methods are available which can and have provided quantitative results on the distribution of particle properties. Examples of data from the literature have been selected and are presented as three-dimensional distributions illustrating the wide range of particle properties which may exist in narrow size intervals. An evaluation of these results reiterates the value of taking the distribution of particle properties in the atmosphere into account for sampling and modeling purposes.  相似文献   

南京冬季持续性强浓雾天气中三级分档雾水的理化特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康博识  樊曙先  张悦  李皓  孙玉 《气象学报》2017,75(2):356-370

2013年12月7—9日南京出现持续性强浓雾天气过程。利用观测试验中获取的三级分档雾水和分粒径气溶胶的水溶性离子浓度,气溶胶数浓度谱、雾滴谱以及自动气象站获取的气象要素等资料,通过对比研究浓雾过程中4—16 μm（3级）、16—22 μm（2级）、>22 μm（1级）3个粒径范围雾滴（雾水）与分粒径气溶胶的微物理特征和化学特性,探讨不同粒径气溶胶粒子吸湿增长对雾滴的贡献以及气溶胶离子组分对不同尺度雾滴化学性质的影响。结果表明,在强浓雾天气中,能见度为50 m左右,短波辐射减弱形成稳定逆温层,有助于污染气溶胶的累积并吸湿增长向雾滴转化。雾滴的增加主要集中在小滴范围, 直径在0.5—1 μm的气溶胶粒子对其贡献最大。各粒径段气溶胶中阴离子NO₃-和SO₄2-均表现出较高值,阳离子中Ca2+浓度最高。三档雾水中各阴、阳离子浓度均在4—16 μm小滴雾水中最高,16—22 μm中滴雾水和>22 μm大滴雾水的阴、阳离子浓度没有明显的高低之分。阳离子中Ca2+的浓度在第1级小滴雾水中最高,2级和3级雾水中NH₄+的浓度最高,阴离子中NO₃-和SO₄2-在各级雾水中浓度相差不大。雾水pH值2.7—6.9,呈酸性,小雾滴酸性更强。   相似文献   

Anthropogenic Aerosol Pollution over the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau     

Rui JIA  Min LUO  Yuzhi LIU  Qingzhe ZHU  Shan HUA  Chuqiao WU  Tianbin SHAO 《大气科学进展》2019,(8):847-862

In this study, a combination of satellite observations and reanalysis datasets is used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution, classification and source of pollutants over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP). The aerosol optical depth(AOD) over the ESTP is extremely large and even larger than some important industrialized regions and deserts. The main aerosol component over the ESTP is sulfate, followed by carbonaceous and dust aerosols. Local emissions related to human activity directly contribute to the accumulation of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over the Sichuan Basin. In addition, in spring, abundant carbonaceous aerosols emitted from forest, grassland and savanna fires in Southeast Asia can be transported by the prevailing southwesterly wind to southern China and the ESTP. The dust AOD over the ESTP peaks in spring because of the transport from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. Additionally, the high aerosol loading over the ESTP is also directly related to the meteorological background. Due to the special topography, the terrain-driven circulation can trap aerosols in the Sichuan Basin and these aerosols can climb along the ESTP due to the perennial updraft. The aerosol loading is lowest in summer because of effective wet deposition induced by the strong precipitation and better dispersion conditions due to the larger vertical temperature gradients and ascending air movement enhanced by the plateau heat pump effect. In contrast,the aerosol loading is greatest in winter. Abundant anthropogenic aerosols over the ESTP may generate some climatic and environmental risks and consequently greatly influence the downstream regions.  相似文献   

2016年11—12月北京及周边重污染过程PM_2.5特征          下载免费PDF全文

贾小芳  颜鹏  孟昭阳  汤洁  张勇  颜旭 《应用气象学报》2019,30(3):302-315

该文对2016年11—12月北京及周边地区不同站点重污染期间PM_2.5质量浓度变化特征进行分析,并结合地面和探空气象要素及化学组分等对重污染成因进行深入探讨,比较了其中两次持续3 d及以上重污染过程的异同。结果表明:重污染期间北京及周边地区PM_2.5质量浓度较高,北京上甸子站、顺义站、朝阳站的PM_2.5质量浓度分别为73.1,130.8,226.0 μg·m-3,河北保定站和石家庄站分别为357.8 μg·m-3和346.9 μg·m-3。12月17—21日重污染过程比11月3—5日持续时间更长且PM_2.5质量浓度更高。通过对11—12月所有重污染过程分析发现,北京颗粒物重污染发生的主要气象条件是静稳天气。在排放源相对稳定情况下,逆温层的结构、演变和持续时间决定了重污染的程度,其中污染持续时间和污染期间的主导逆温层类型演变对重污染程度有较好的指示作用。较低的水平风速、逆温层的持续出现及更多的燃煤和机动车尾气排放是12月17—21日污染偏重的原因。  相似文献