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31.
Josef Vesely Heather Almquist-Jacobson Lisa M. Miller Stephen A. Norton Peter Appleby Aruna S. Dixit John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(3):211-231
This multi-disciplinary investigation documents the longterm effects of atmospheric pollution of metals and acids on a geologically sensitive catchment in the umava Mountains, southwestern Czech Republic, a region with a long history of human disturbance. A 30 cm long sediment core (I) from ertovo Lake was analyzed for natural and artifical radionuclides, metals, diatoms, chrysophytes, and pollen in sediments accumulated during the last 200 years. A second core (II), extending to 95 cm, included sediment judged to be free of atmospheric deposition of pollutants associated with the Industrial Revolution. Chronostratigraphic markers include several changes in the pollen assemblages corresponding to well-documented changes in land-use, and distinct distributions of 137Cs, 134Cs and 241Am from weapons testing and the 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Russia. These markers corroborate the 210Pb dating and, together, produce a reliable chronology extending back nearly to 1800 A.D.Stratigraphic profiles of Cu, Pb, and Zn in Core I are unlike any previously reported in the literature. Concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn remain generally above 100, 400, and 200 g g-1, respectively, for the 200 years represented by Core I. These values are unusually high for sediments from a watershed with no known heavy-metal ore bodies. Accumulation rates for Cu, Pb, and Zn, which include both atmospheric and watershed contributions, are also high (ca 1, > 1 and > 1 g cm-2 yr-1, respectively) for the same period, although the anthropogenic contribution of Zn rose from nearly zero at 1800 A.D. The Cu and Pb accumulation rates rose dramatically about 1640 A.D.Accumulation rates of anthropogenically-derived Be, a relatively abundant element in the soft coals of the region, are also elevated by about 0.01 g cm-2 yr-1 in sediments of this period. Vanadium accumulation rates increased only since 1980 A.D., presumably along with increased consumption of oil.Diatom assemblages illustrate that the lake was acidic (pH between 4.5 and 5) through at least the past 200 years. The pH declined significantly (from ca 5 to 4) between 1960 and 1985 with a slight increase to 4.5 in the last few years. Recent diatom and chrysophyte assemblages suggest high trace metal concentrations, consistent with the present lake-water chemistry. 相似文献
32.
利用华中区域代表性站点金沙国家大气本底站2007—2018年的PM2.5、PM10颗粒物质量浓度数据,2019年3月—2019年6月反应性气体数据,对华中区域空气质量进行整体评价,并分析了颗粒物浓度的变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明,反应性气体CO、SO2、NO、NO2质量浓度其日平均最大值、平均值均达到一级标准,O3日平均值超标率为10.6%,PM2.5超标率为18%,PM10超标率为17%。从颗粒物质量浓度多年变化来看,2007—2013年金沙站大气颗粒物质量浓度属于上升趋势,2013年至今质量浓度呈现下降趋势,风向风速也在一定程度上影响颗粒物的来源。 相似文献
33.
大气环境质量综合评价是一个城市环境质量考核的重要指标,改进的密切值法是其中一种切实可行的评价方法。通过对1991-2000年10年间广东省三大城市——广州、深圳和珠海的大气环境质量进行综合评价,发现20世纪末,大气环境质量最好的是珠海市,最差的是广州市。与广东省平均水平相比、三大城市中。广州市污染程度高于全省平均水平。从空气环境质量的变化趋势来看,自1997年开始,三大城市大气环境质量趋于好转,为新世纪城市空气环境质量改善提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
34.
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Chanbasha Basheer Kang Lisa Siao Wei See 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):183-183
Microorganic pollutants such as polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) are known to be present in urban ambient air. These organic compounds are prone to atmospheric transport and deposition over long distances, thus enabling them to accumulate even in regions remote from their sources. Deposition from the atmosphere can be via direct deposition and exchange with crops that may be directly or indirectly ingested by humans. It can also take place via wet and dry deposition and air-water exchange. Following their deposition, these microorganic pollutants tend to accumulate in soils, sediments and in human and ecological food chains. There are many reports in the literature on the atmospheric concentrations of microorganic pollutants, but there are few reports and data in Asia. This study was performed in Singapore to determine the relative amounts of persistent organic pollutants and TPHs in ambient aerosols. One of the important sources of these organic compounds in Southeast Asia is thought to be biomass burning (vegetation fires). Hence, air sampling was conducted during both smoke haze and non-haze periods. The data obtained from this study will be presented and discussed. 相似文献
35.
The place of individuals in the politics of scale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Cidell 《Area》2006,38(2):196-203
Conceptualizations and re-conceptualizations of scale have been powerful tools for explaining spatial processes that transcend traditionally-bounded territories. Examining the role of individuals within a politics of scale can do even more to explain multi-scalar conflicts. This paper does so by examining struggles over airport expansion in the US, showing how an understanding of the various roles of individuals in the politics of scale – as sites of multiple scales, as actors constituting other scales, and as scales in and of themselves – better explains multi-scalar conflicts and offers more opportunities for resolving them. 相似文献
36.
Daily zenith scattered light intensity observations were carried out in the morning twilight hours using home-made UV-visible
spectrometer over the tropical station Pune (18‡31′, 73‡51′) for the years 2000–2003. These observations are obtained in the
spectral range 462–498 nm for the solar zenith angles (SZAs) varying from 87‡ to 91.5‡. An algorithm has been developed to
retrieve vertical profiles of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from ground-based measurements using the Chahine iteration method. This retrieval method has been checked using measured
and recalculated slant column densities (SCDs) and they are found to be well matching. O3 and NO2 vertical profiles have been retrieved using a set of their air mass factors (AMFs) and SCDs measured over a range of 87–91.5‡
SZA during the morning. The vertical profiles obtained by this method are compared with Umkehr profiles and ozonesondes and
they are found to be in good agreement. The bulk of the column density is found near layer 20–25 km. Daily total column densities
(TCDs) of O3 and NO2 along with their stratospheric and tropospheric counterparts are derived using their vertical profiles for the period 2000–2003.
The total column, stratospheric column and tropospheric column amounts of both trace gases are found to be maximum in summer
and minimum in the winter season. Increasing trend is found in column density of NO2 in stratospheric, tropospheric and surface layers, but no trend is observed in O3 columns for above layers during the period 2000–2003 相似文献
37.
东北地区冬季气温与北极涛动年代际关系研究 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15
利用中国160站气温资料、北极涛动指数资料及关国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中月平均海平面气压场、高度场、风场资料,分析了东北地区冬季气温、冬季北极涛动的年代际特征及其关系。结果表明:在年代际时间尺度上,两者之间存在显著正相关。冬季北极涛动处于低(高)指数期,东北冬季气温为持续冷冬(暖冬)期。可能影响机制是:在地面,冬季北极涛动处于低(高)指数期时,西伯利亚高压增强(减弱),亚洲大陆偏北冬季风增强(减弱),东北为持续冷冬(暖冬)期;在对流层中层,冬季北极涛动处于低(高)指数期时,东亚大槽加深(减弱),贝加尔湖以西以北脊增强(减弱),环流呈经向(纬向)型发展,东北对流层中层偏北风增强(减弱),东北为持续冷冬(暖冬)期。 相似文献
38.
39.
克拉玛依夏季日最高气温与08时 850hPa温度的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
冀新琪 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(4):12-13
根据克拉玛依40年气温观测资料,分析克拉玛依夏季日最高气温与08时850hPa温度的关系,寻找预报夏季日最高气温关键因子. 相似文献
40.
The chemical composition of fogwater has been studied in the city of Strasbourg (France) from 1990 to 1999. During these years, fogwater samples have been collected and analysed for major ions and trace metals. This paper reports on the analysis of the collected dataset. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in acidity of approximately one pH unit over the course of the study. This decrease in acidity appears to be linked to a decrease in SO2(g) and the resulting SO42−. Trace metal concentrations have also strongly decreased over the 10-year period. Pb concentrations, following the elimination of leaded gasoline, decreased by more than one order of magnitude. 相似文献