Dynamics of the Alpine Treeline Ecotone under Global Warming: A Review     

XU Dandan  AN Deshuai  ZHU Jianqin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):476-482

The alpine treeline ecotone is defined as a forest-grassland or forest-tundra transition boundary either between subalpine forest and treeless grassland, or between subalpine forest and treeless tundra. The alpine treeline ecotone serves irreplaceable ecological functions and provides various ecosystem services. There are three lines associated with the alpine treeline ecotone, the tree species line (i.e., the highest elevational limit of individual tree establishment and growth), the treeline (i.e., the transition line between tree islands and isolated individual trees) and the timber line (i.e., the upper boundary of the closed subalpine forest). The alpine treeline ecotone is the belt region between the tree species line and the timber line of the closed forest. The treeline is very sensitive to climate change and is often used as an indicator for the response of vegetation to global warming. However, there is currently no comprehensive review in the field of alpine treeline advance under global warming. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature and discusses the theoretical bases and challenges in the study of alpine treeline dynamics from the following four aspects: (1) Ecological functions and issues of treeline dynamics; (2) Methodology for monitoring treeline dynamics; (3) Treeline shifts in different climate zones; (4) Driving factors for treeline upward shifting.  相似文献   

黑土型退化草地时空格局遥感监测     

刘云峰  秦坤  吕慧玲  陈思宇 《测绘通报》2022,(11):57-61

准确及时地了解黑土型退化草地的时空分布特点,对祁连山地区草地退化修复治理具有重要意义。本文选取祁连县野牛沟乡西北部区域作为研究区,基于Landsat 8 OLI影像,结合地理国情监测成果,尝试利用分场景的决策树分类方法提取黑土型退化草地范围,并对比分析2014-2019年黑土型退化草地的时空变化特征。结果表明,多场景的决策树分类方法对黑土型退化草地监测具有很好的适用性;2014-2019年,研究区北部部分区域缓坡地和中部滩地黑土型退化问题有所好转,西部和西北部缓坡地黑土型退化问题有进一步恶化的趋势;好转草地主要以人工干预为主,恶化草地可能是受水热空洞效应、鼠害等多种因素的影响。  相似文献   

Ozone Dry Deposition and Resistances onto Green Grassland in Summer in Central Spain     

A. de Miguel  J. Bilbao 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(3):321-338

Measurements of ozone concentrations, and meteorological and surface parameters were carried out over a flat green grassland in northwest Spain, in July 1995. Turbulent parameters and sensible and latent heat fluxes were calculated using the gradient technique. Fluxes and deposition velocity and resistances were evaluated assuming that the diffusivity for heat fluxes was equal to pollutant diffusivity. The daily average value of dry deposition velocity was 6 mm s^-1 but it was influenced by wind velocity and atmospheric stability. Resistances have been calculated according to a simple resistance model and a comparison between theoretical and measured values has been made.  相似文献   

2000—2009年锡林郭勒典型草原植被对气象因子的响应     

王鹏飞  孙文静  宋向阳  杨晶  王欣 《内蒙古气象》2012,(3):12-14

应用MODIS数据对2000—2009年植被变化情况及其与气温、降水量进行相关分析。2007年年均气温最高,降水最少,NDVI最大值和生长季平均值最低;在降水量最大的2003年NDVI最大值和生长季平均值最高。全生长季中气温和降水量与NDVI值具有显著或极显著相关,相对于气温、降水量对NDVI值影响更大;前一个月的气温和降水量对NDVI值的影响最大,植被对气象因子的响应具有时滞性。  相似文献   

基于CART模型的鄱阳湖草滩苔草分布与水位波动要素关系     

于文琪  戴雪  杨颖  万荣荣  蒲阳  姚鑫 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1672-1680

水位波动对鄱阳湖草滩湿地的形成与分布至关重要,但不同要素对湿地植物种的具体影响不尽相同.本研究以湿地优势植被苔草群落为研究对象,通过环湖区样带设置和植被调查得到较大尺度上的苔草分布数据,以不同水文站水文数据结合湖区DEM插值得出各样点水位波动要素数据：年内最大水位差R,年内淹没出露频次F,年平均水位M,最长淹没的出露日期D,年内总出露时间T,用CART模型进行分析.结果表明：1）影响鄱阳湖区草滩湿地苔草群落分布的最直接的水位波动要素为T和R;2）年内总出露时间大于84天（T ≥ 4.619）,年极差水位大于11.3 m（R ≥ 10.41）时,苔草群落的综合分布情况最佳.进一步探讨认为：其他水位波动要素未能被CART模型选为分类依据,可能是因为彼此之间存在相关性;高程决定植被分布,实际上是多种水位波动要素综合影响的结果,精度要求不高时,可以用高程替代水位波动各要素进行简略分析.本研究相关结论可以为鄱阳湖控湖工程今后的运行,提供一定的参考,以维持草滩湿地生态系统的稳定,更好地实现其生态价值.  相似文献   

2004年以来青海湖快速扩张对人居设施与草地的潜在影响     

程俭  刘昌华  刘凯  武建双  范晨雨  薛滨  马荣华  宋春桥 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):922-934

作为我国最大的内陆咸水湖,青海湖是青藏高原东北部重要水汽源,在维持区域生态环境及半干旱生态系统功能方面发挥着重要作用.近年来,青海湖水位迅速上升,但是湖泊扩张对周边人居设施与草地的影响尚未得到广泛关注和报道.基于1995-2019年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像、Hydroweb多源测高同化水位数据、SRTM-1 DEM数据等,本研究以青海湖近年来增长速率情景开展湖泊快速扩张对周边人居设施(道路、居民点)与草地影响和潜在威胁的定量研究.结果表明:1995-2004年期间青海湖处于萎缩态势,2004年水位和面积出现最小值,之后,青海湖进入稳定扩张期.2004-2019年期间,青海湖水位累计上涨3.27 m,年均增长率约为0.22 m/a;相应地,青海湖水量增长了14.25 km³,年均增长率为0.95 km³/a.湖泊扩张模拟结果显示,若青海湖水量以当前速率增长,水位将在2070年前后达到3207 m(相对2019年约10 m的水位涨幅),届时将会淹没178个居民点、长度约为1286.91 km的道路以及2042.22 km²的植被,其中预测的高风险区域主要为切吉乡、泉吉乡和金滩乡.该研究有望为青海湖快速扩张对当地居民的影响和潜在威胁提供重要的科学参考,并在气候变化背景下为制定缓解气候变化风险的预案提供科学依据.  相似文献   

A statistical comparison of spatio-temporal surface moisture patterns beneath a semi-natural grassland and permanent pasture: From drought to saturation     

Ethan E. Wallace  Nick A. Chappell 《水文研究》2020,34(13):3000-3020

Some 60% of the agricultural land in the UK is grassland. This is mostly located in the wetter uplands of the west and north, with the majority intensively managed as permanent pasture. Despite its extent, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how agricultural practices have altered the hydrological behaviour of the underlying soils relative to the adjacent moorland covered by semi-natural grassland. Near-surface soil moisture content is an expression of the changes that have taken place and is critical in the generation of flood-producing overland flows. This study aims to develop a pioneering paired-plot approach, producing 1,536 moisture measurements at each of the monitoring dates throughout the studied year, that were subsequently analysed by a comparison of frequency distributions, visual cum geostatistical investigation of spatial patterns and mixed-effects regression modelling. The analysis demonstrated that the practices taking place in the pasture (ploughing, re-seeding and drainage) reduced the natural diversity in moisture patterns. Compared to adjacent moorland, the topsoil dried much faster in spring with the effects requiring offset with moisture from slurry applications in summer. With the onset of autumn rains, these applications then made the topsoil wetter than the moorland, heightening the likelihood of flood-producing overland flow. During the sampling within one such storm event, the adjacent moorland was almost as wet as the pasture with both visibly generating overland flow. These contrasts in soil moisture were statistically significant throughout. Further, they highlight the need to scale-up the monitoring with numerous plot pairs to see if the observed highly dynamic, contrasting behaviour is present at the landscape scale. Such research is fundamental to designing appropriate agricultural interventions to deliver sustainable sward production for livestock or methods of mitigating overland-flow incidence that would otherwise heighten flood risk or threaten water quality in rivers.  相似文献   

基于生境-生物一体化视角的鄱阳湖草洲景观连通度研究     

张成  陈文波 《湖泊科学》2023,35(4):1380-1396

分析景观连通度动态变化特征是研究景观生态过程的重要途径,也是维持区域生物多样性的重要手段。本文以鄱阳湖草洲为研究对象,立足于影响景观连通度的生境（水位变化）与生物（物种扩散）一体化视角,在识别不同水位梯度下草洲生境范围和斑块组成的基础上,利用景观格局指数分析不同水位梯度下草洲景观结构连通度的变化特征,通过基于图论的景观连通度方法对草洲景观功能连通度分别进行不同水位梯度和不同扩散距离下的情景模拟,并剖析景观结构连通度与功能连通度的相关关系。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖草洲呈现“水落滩出、水进草退”的景观特征,草洲生境同时面临水体的淹没效应和分割效应。随着水位的增加,草洲分布范围不断缩小,大斑块破碎与小斑块消失并存。（2）从水位变化过程来看,随着水位的增加,草洲斑块的面积不断萎缩、形状趋于简单、密度减小、破碎化程度加剧,草洲景观结构连通度下降。此外,随着水位的增加,草洲斑块在生态功能上的链接数减少、难以连接的独立组分增加、连接的可能性降低,草洲景观功能连通度降低。（3）从物种扩散过程来看,物种扩散距离对草洲景观功能连通度具有绝对正向作用,随着扩散距离的增加,草洲景观功能连通度显著增大。（4）相关...  相似文献   

内蒙古典型草原N2O研究刍议   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

王艳芬  陈佐忠  周涌 《气候与环境研究》1997,2(3):280-285

利用中国科学院内蒙古草原生态定位研究站（ＩＭＧＥＲＳ）的气候、土壤、植被、土地利用方式和家畜等方面的资料,根据目前国际上Ｎ２Ｏ的研究进展,分析了内蒙古典型草原区影响Ｎ２Ｏ收支作用的可能控制因子,认为：（１）作为Ｎ２Ｏ主要来源的土壤,其理化性状,尤其是土壤温度、水分状况、土壤有机质和土壤结构等,是影响该地区Ｎ２Ｏ收支平衡的主要控制因子;（２）土地利用方式的改变对Ｎ２Ｏ的释放的影响还不十分清楚。草场农用与一定的耕作管理措施以及对天然草场的人为影响（割草、放牧等）是对Ｎ２Ｏ收支平衡影响的主要方面;（３）家畜排泄物,无论作为本地区的主要燃料,还是作为肥料,在典型草原区Ｎ２Ｏ的释放中起着不可忽视的作用。  相似文献   

松嫩沙地天然草地与人工草地土壤动物的对比研究   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

殷秀琴 《中国沙漠》1998,18(3):249-254

松嫩沙地天然草地和人工草地土壤动物的对比研究表明,天然草地大型土壤动物的优势类群与人工草地优势类群数相同,但类群有差别。而中小型土壤动物的优势类群是人工草地多。天然草地大型土壤动物和中小型土壤动物的常见类群都多于人工草地,而稀有类群则相反。两种草地类型的土壤动物在土层中的垂直分布存在差异性,但基本上是随着土层加深而递减,天然草地表层的土壤动物类群数均多于人工草地,主要是受土壤营养状况和理化性质的制约。  相似文献