西昌市1989—2018年林地草地湿地动态变化特征分析     

张景华  欧阳渊  刘洪  张腾蛟  李富  黄勇 《中国地质调查》2021,8(6):135-143

遥感技术已被广泛应用于生态环境调查与研究。为获取西昌市近30 a生态环境演化趋势,利用1989年、2000年、2010年的专题绘图仪(Thematic Mapper,TM)遥感影像和2018年的陆地成像仪(Operational Land Imager,OLI)遥感影像,通过图像处理、目视解译和野外验证等方法,获得了西昌市1989—2018年的土地利用/覆盖数据,并对林地、草地和湿地的动态变化特征进行了研究。结果表明: 1989—2018年,西昌市林地、湿地和草地面积持续增加,生态环境持续向好; 林地主要分布于安宁河谷和邛海盆地四周山地,在牦牛山、螺髻山一带形成主要林区; 草地主要呈星岛状分布于牦牛山、螺髻山一带林地之间; 湿地以河流湿地与湖泊湿地为主,主要沿安宁河及邛海分布。但仍存在一些问题: 森林存在针叶化现象较普遍、树种单一等问题,需要重点加强林区火灾防范; 草地多数呈零星片状分布,不具有完整的系统结构和良好的功能,多数草地承载力和生产力较低,不宜大规模开发利用,应通过封山育林促使其向森林转化; 湿地分布也比较局限,需要着力予以保护。研究成果可为西昌市生态保护修复措施的制定及经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

玉树隆宝2014年冬季冻土积雪对陆气通量关键参数的影响分析     

张海宏  姜海梅  周秉荣  祁栋林 《气象》2019,45(11):1550-1559

利用玉树隆宝湿地的观测资料,分析了未冻结、冻结和冻结有积雪覆盖三种情况下动量通量和感热通量的日变化情况,计算了三种情况下动量总体输送系数、感热总体输送系数、动力学粗糙度和热力学粗糙度,分析了附加阻尼和粗糙度雷诺数的关系,并将三种附加阻尼的参数化方案进行了比较,结果表明:冻结状态下动量通量和感热通量的日变化幅度最大,冻结有积雪覆盖时,动量通量和感热通量的日变化幅度最小。动量总体输送系数C_D和感热总体输送系数C_H的值在冻结时最大,冻结有积雪覆盖时最小,动力学粗糙度和热力学粗糙度在冻结状况下最小,冻结有积雪覆盖时最大。未冻结、冻结和冻结有积雪覆盖状态下,三种附加阻尼kB~(-1)参数化方案中,幂函数型方案较为合适。  相似文献   

Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns     

Jane Assini 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):738-755

Abstract

This study examined the end-of-winter snow storage, its distribution and the spatial and temporal melt patterns of a large, low gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. The project utilized a combination of field observations and a physically-based snowmelt model. Topography and wind were the major controls on snow distribution in the region, and snow was routinely scoured from the hilltop regions and deposited into hillslopes and valleys. Timing and duration of snowmelt at Polar Bear Pass were similar in 2008 and 2009. The snowmelt was initiated by an increase in air temperature and net radiation receipt. Inter-annual variability in spatial snowmelt patterns was evident at Polar Bear Pass and was attributed to a non-uniform snow cover distribution and local microclimate conditions. In situ field studies and modelling remain important in High Arctic regions for assessing wetland water budgets and runoff, in addition to model parameterization and validation of satellite imagery.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Assini, J. and Young, K.L., 2012. Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 738–755.  相似文献   

Assessment of episodic acidification in Sierra Nevada,California     

Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis  Vicki S. Nikolaidis  Jerald L. Schnoor 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(4):330-345

Monte-Carlo simulations were used to assess the extent of shortterm alkalinity depressions occuring in Sierra Nevada lakes due to acidic deposition events. The Episodic Event Model (EEM) was used to simulate spring snowmelt events. Snow course data, precipitation data and lake acidification surveys were used to derive values for the EEM parameters. Spring snowmelt events were shown to have great impacts on the water quality of Sierran lakes. Lakes are likely to be most affected by the early-spring snowmelt event because the epilimnion depth is at a minimum, which indicates minimum dilution. Under annual average loading conditions, no Sierran lake has been reported as acidic although 29% of the lakes have alkalinities less than 40 µeq/L indicating a sensitivity to acidification. In simulations of early-spring snowmelt events, using present-day acidic loading conditions, it was estimated 79% ± 9% of the lakes would experience shortterm lake alkalinity depressions to levels less than 40 µeq/L. The results provided by the model simulations are valuable in establishing upper and lower limits on the extent of possible episodic acidification to lake-resources-at-risk. The most critical parameters controlling the magnitude of lake alkalinity depressions during snowmelt episodic events are a) the lake area to watershed area ratio — a measure of input loading, and b) the epilimnion volume — a measure of dilution and mixing.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of the Colorado Front Range (USA)   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

Alexander P. Wolfe  Jill S. Baron  R. Jack Cornett 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,25(1):1-7

Recent sediments from two alpine lakes (> 3300 m asl) in the Colorado Front Range (USA) register marked and near-synchronous changes that are believed to represent ecological responses to enhanced atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. Directional shifts in sediment proxies include greater representations of mesotrophic diatoms and increasingly depleted ¹⁵N values. These trends are particularly pronounced since ~ 1950, and appear to chronicle lake responses to excess N derived from agricultural and industrial sources to the east. The rate and magnitude of recent ecological changes far exceed the context of natural variability, as inferred from comparative analyses of a long core capturingthe entire 14,000-year postglacial history of one of the lakes. Nitrogen deposition to these seemingly pristine natural areas has resulted in subtle but detectable limnological changes that likely represent the beginning of a stronger response to nitrogen enrichment.  相似文献   

澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

包维楷  吴宁  和绍春  阿追  革玛江初  杨沛芳  忠永次里 《山地学报》2001,19(3):226-230

摘要：采用样方调查方法获得94个草地群落样方,对澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点进行了初步分析。结果表明,该县亚高山、高山草地群落类型存在20个类型。在放牧干扰下,大多数群落类型处于退化状态,相互之间存在明显的群落替代关系;调查发现群落中每平方米内平均含8种草本植物,平均盖度62．4％,地上平均生物量是4859kg／hm^2,平均可食率为61．5％;鸢尾群落、牛旁群落和小狼毒群落是草地严重退化后形成的典型有毒害群落类型;长期的高强度放牧虽然增加了群落类型多样性,但减少了群落内物种多样性。总体而言,长期的放牧干扰降低了德钦草地的生物多样性的质量及其生态服务功能,导致草地生态系统的非持续发展。  相似文献   

水盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植被空间分异规律的定量分析   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

贺强  崔保山  赵欣胜  付华龄  熊雄  冯光海 《湿地科学》2007,5(3):208-214

三角洲湿地植被的形成和分布同时受水深、土壤含盐量两个环境因子的作用。采用模糊数学排序方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地植被在水深、土壤含盐量两个环境梯度下的空间分异规律。结果表明,由TWINSPAN划分而得到的8个植被类型在模糊数学排序图中有各自的分布范围,界线明显。以穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spica-tum)等水生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的左上部,为黄河三角洲湿地高水深、低盐分地区;以柽柳(Tam-arix chinensis)、翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)等典型盐生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的右下部,为黄河三角洲的低水深、高盐分地区;其他以芦苇(Phragmites australis)、荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等为优势种的群落分布在排序图的中部。利用Gini-Simpson指数,在模糊数学排序图中分析了植物物种多样性随水深、土壤含盐量梯度的空间变化,结果表明,高水深、低盐分和低水深、高盐分地区植物物种多样性均较低,而二者过渡区域植物物种多样性较高。  相似文献   

高原湿地纳帕海自然保护区功能区分区初探     

徐守国  郭辉军  田昆 《湿地科学与管理》2007,3(1):27-29

高原湿地保护区具有自己独特的生态结构特征,其功能区分区不应照搬传统的3级规划模式。本文通过对纳帕海湿地保护区功能区分区的特点、现状以及存在问题的分析,提出了适合纳帕海保护区湿地特征的分区模式。  相似文献   

宁德市东湖湿地鸟类资源调查与保护     

陈文杰 《湿地科学与管理》2007,3(1):58-59

2003年3月-2004年4月,在宁德三都湾东湖湿地及其周边地区进行了10次湿地鸟类资源连续调查。调查表明:宁德东湖湿地生物多样性丰富,特别是湿地水禽种类繁多,数量巨大,发现鸟类12目26科80种,计20119只。宁德东湖湿地是福建省鸟类资源的重要分布区,是各类水禽的理想栖息地、越冬地和迁徙地,但存在因开发建设湖面缩小、市区大量生活污水污染水质、湖体淤积、陆地化过快等问题。为此,保护和恢复东湖湿地、建立湿地公园已是势在必行。  相似文献   

艾比湖湿地调节气候生态服务价值评价     

王继国 《湿地科学与管理》2007,3(2):38-41

增湿调温的气候调节功能是湿地重要的生态功能。位于干旱区的湿地,其增湿调温功能尤为明显。湿地自由水面巨大的水汽蒸发及湿地茂密植被剧烈的水汽蒸腾,是其增湿调温、调节气候的主要物质基础。通过计算艾比湖湿地年水汽蒸发、蒸腾量,得出其每年调节气候的生态服务价值为97788.86×104元,占艾比湖湿地总生态服务价值的31.9%,位居研究区各项生态价值之首。结果表明,增湿调温的气候调节功能是处于极端干旱地理条件下的艾比湖湿地最重要的生态服务功能。  相似文献