A statistical survey of dayside pulsed ionospheric flows as seen by the CUTLASS Finland HF radar   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. A. McWilliams  T. K. Yeoman  G. Provan 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(4):445-453

Nearly two years of 2-min resolution data and 7- to 21-s resolution data from the CUTLASS Finland HF radar have undergone Fourier analysis in order to study statistically the occurrence rates and repetition frequencies of pulsed ionospheric flows in the noon-sector high-latitude ionosphere. Pulsed ionospheric flow bursts are believed to be the ionospheric footprint of newly reconnected geomagnetic field lines, which occur during episodes of magnetic flux transfer to the terrestrial magnetosphere - flux transfer events or FTEs. The distribution of pulsed ionospheric flows were found to be well grouped in the radar field of view, and to be in the vicinity of the radar signature of the cusp footprint. Two thirds of the pulsed ionospheric flow intervals included in the statistical study occurred when the interplanetary magnetic field had a southward component, supporting the hypothesis that pulsed ionospheric flows are a reconnection-related phenomenon. The occurrence rate of the pulsed ionospheric flow fluctuation period was independent of the radar scan mode. The statistical results obtained from the radar data are compared to occurrence rates and repetition frequencies of FTEs derived from spacecraft data near the magnetopause reconnection region, and to ground-based optical measurements of poleward moving auroral forms. The distributions obtained by the various instruments in different regions of the magnetosphere were remarkably similar. The radar, therefore, appears to give an unbiased sample of magnetopause activity in its routine observations of the cusp footprint.  相似文献   

卫星重力资料揭示的新疆天山地区构造动力学状态   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

楼海  王椿镛  王飞 《地震学报》2000,22(5):482-490

利用最新的地球重力场模型,计算了新疆及邻近地区的自由空气重力异常、大地水准面扰动异常、地壳和上地幔平均密度异常以及地幔对流引起的岩石层底界面粘滞应力场分布．根据计算结果,对新疆天山地区的构造动力学特征进行了分析和推断,认为天山处于地幔对流形成的挤压沉降环境中,在南北不对称的挤压应力作用下快速隆升,挤压应力场中心在天山以南．这种应力场特征有利于塔里木板块向天山之下俯冲的观点．天山南北两侧的准噶尔盆地南缘和塔里木盆地北缘,是地壳内质量缺失区,是由于南北两侧地壳向天山下挤压而弯曲造成的．中国天山东段的深部密度分布特征与中段和西段的不同,可能是地幔对流分布的东西向差异造成的．   相似文献   

关于构造热涌模型的进一步思考   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

马宗晋  杜品仁 《地震地质》2000,22(1):59-64

构造热涌模型是为解释全球岩石圈和若干局部构造运动特征而提出的一种动力学模型 ,它强调在岩石圈的分层结构中 ,层的介质相对而言有“软”、“硬”之分 ,硬层内近垂向裂缝发育 ,软层物质可沿层间流动和沿硬层内裂缝上涌 ,因构造裂缝的开合是变化的 ,对软物质上涌起控制作用。依据近几年来岩石圈的一些探测成果 ,将构造热涌模型发展为层块构造热涌模型。本文阐述了构造热涌模型的要点和立论根据 ,并根据这个模型对一些构造现象和板块构造理论面临的一些困难问题进行了讨论  相似文献   

Turbulent eddy viscosity and large-scale convection in the Sun     

Richard B. Stothers 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,314(1):L7-L9

It is suggested here that the laminar character of the large-scale deep convective flows appearing in numerical simulations of the convective envelope of the Sun arises from the effect of turbulent eddy viscosity. Previously, M. Schwarzschild suggested the same idea to explain the observed surface granulation in the Sun.  相似文献   

Development of structure in pores and sunspots: flows around axisymmetric magnetic flux tubes     

N. E. Hurlburt  A. M. Rucklidge † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,314(4):793-806

Flux elements, pores and sunspots form a family of magnetic features observed at the solar surface. As a first step towards developing a fully non-linear model of the structure of these features and of the dynamics of their interaction with solar convection, we conduct numerical experiments on idealized axisymmetric flux tubes in a compressible convecting atmosphere in cylindrical boxes of radius up to 8 times their depth. We find that the magnetic field strength of the flux tubes is roughly independent of both distance from the centre and the total flux content of the flux tube, but that the angle of inclination from the vertical of the field at the edge of the tube increases with flux content. In all our calculations, fluid motion converges on the flux tube at the surface. The results compare favourably with observations of pores; in contrast, large sunspots lie at the centre of an out-flowing moat cell. We conjecture that there is an inflow hidden beneath the penumbrae of large spots, and that this inflow is responsible for the remarkable longevity of such features.  相似文献   

Mixed and mixing layer depths simulated by an OGCM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yign Noh  Woo-Sung Lee 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(2):217-225

The global distributions of the mixed layer depth h _D , representing the depth of uniform density, and the mixing layer depth h _K , representing the depth of active turbulent mixing, were simulated using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM), and compared with each other, as well as with the mixed layer depth from the climatological data h _D *. The comparison between h _D and h _D * suggested that the threshold density difference Δ σ _θ should decrease from 0.09 kg m⁻³ to 0.02 kg m⁻³ with increasing latitude for consistent comparison between two mixed layer depths, due to the different nature of density profiles depending on latitude. The comparison between h _D and h _K revealed that h _K is deeper than h _D in the region where strong subsurface shear is present, such as the equatorial ocean and the region of the western boundary current. On the other hand, h _K is shallower than h _D in the high latitude ocean during convective cooling and early restratification.  相似文献   

一次中尺度对流复合体致洪暴雨成因分析     

刘瑞芳  李萍云  陈小婷  侯建忠 《成都信息工程学院学报》2012,27(3):306-313

为了探索陕西暴雨天气发生发展的机制,采用天气学、动力诊断等方法对2011年7月5～6日陕西南部出现的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:中尺度对流复合体是造成此次暴雨的直接原因,强降水发生在中尺度对流复合体云顶亮温北边界的等值线密集区;沿海至陕西建立起水汽和温湿能的输送通道,高温高湿的暖湿空气源源不断地向暴雨区输送;不同暴雨阶段的中低层大气稳定性有明显的差异,对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定是暴雨发展维持的重要机制;对流层低层较大的垂直螺旋度东侧可能预示着大暴雨的发生。  相似文献   

华北局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统发生发展对比分析     

徐姝  易笑园  熊明明  孙密娜  林晓萌 《气象》2024,50(2):181-194

利用常规地面高空观测、多普勒雷达、风廓线、VDRAS(Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System)和NCEP再分析资料,对2018年8月5—6日副热带高压(以下简称副高)控制下华北一次局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统触发和发展机制进行了分析。结果表明:这次大暴雨发生在副高控制下,处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定。暴雨由多个相继发展的中尺度对流系统造成,分别是太行山迎风坡上西南—东北向、华北平原地区保定一带南北向、保定至霸州附近西南—东北向和以雄安新区为中心东西向原地生消的准静止MCS-Ⅰ、MCS-Ⅱ、MCS-Ⅲ和MCS-Ⅳ,均属于β中尺度。在相似的环境中,不同中尺度对流系统触发机制有较大差异,太行山迎风坡上的MCS-Ⅰ是由近地层偏东暖湿气流在迎风坡与山风形成的辐合抬升触发;由辐射差异和前期强降水形成的局地冷池受MCS-Ⅰ影响再次加强后,其出流与环境风形成的两条地面辐合线分别触发了MCS-Ⅱ和MCS-Ⅲ,并组织对流沿辐合线呈带状发展;而超低空偏东风增强叠加冷池出流在地形抬升作用下促使沿山暖湿气团进一步抬升,使得原本消亡的MCS-Ⅰ再次重建...  相似文献   

2020年湖南两次典型混合型强对流天气过程对比分析     

周慧  周莉  蔡荣辉  陈龙  唐佳  唐明晖  黄骄文 《气象科技》2023,51(2):222-232

利用地面自动站资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、卫星逐小时TBB资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2020年3月下旬两次强对流天气过程（21—22日过程和26—27日过程）进行对比分析。结果表明：①两次强对流天气过程都有较好的动力、热气和水汽条件配合,高层辐散、低层辐合的环流配置有利于上升运动,热力不稳定层结强烈发展,加上有利的水汽条件,在高空低槽与地面辐合线等系统的触发下,导致混合强对流天气发生。②两次强对流天气过程均分为两个阶段,暖平流强迫类强对流和斜压锋生类,在暖平流强迫类阶段不稳定能量积聚很明显,并在斜压锋生阶段开始前得到一定程度的释放,两次过程斜压锋生类阶段的动力条件和水汽辐合较暖平流类阶段更强。③两次强对流天气过程均出现了冰雹、雷暴大风、短时强降水,“21日过程”西南急流发展更加旺盛,暖平流中心强度更强,垂直伸展高度更厚,热力条件更好,以雷暴大风、冰雹为主;“26日过程”冷空气势力更强,显著上升运动维持的时间也较长,有着更充沛的水汽供给,以短时强降水为主。④两次过程怀化沅陵县官庄镇19:00—20:00均出现冰雹,雷达回波均反映出典型的冰雹回波特征,“21日过程”较“26日过程”最大反射率因子更大,中气旋强度更强,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)跃增更明显,值更大,中气旋扩展高度更高、高空辐散更强,因此冰雹直径更大。  相似文献   

Giant impacts and the initiation of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets     

Javier Ruiz 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(8):749-753

Earth is the only terrestrial planet with present-day lithosphere recycling through plate tectonics. However, theoretical models of mantle convection based on general considerations find that all the terrestrial planets should be operating in the stagnant lid regime, in which the planets are one-plated and there is no lithosphere recycling. The stagnant lid regime is a consequence of the strong viscosity contrast across the convective layer, and therefore the upper lid (roughly equivalent to the lithosphere) must be sufficiently weakened in order to be mobilized. Here I propose that giant impacts could have provided the upper layer weakening required for surface recycling, and hence for plate tectonics, to initiate on the early Earth. Additionally, giant impacts originated lithosphere thickness and density differences, which might contribute to the initiation of subduction. Impacts are more energetic for Earth than for Mars, which could explain the likely early existence of plate tectonics on the Earth whereas Mars never had lithosphere recycling. On the other hand, convection on Mercury and the Moon might be sluggish or even inexistent, implying a reduced influence of giant impacts on their internal dynamics, whereas there is no record of the earliest geological history of Venus, which obscures any discussion on the influence of giant impacts on their internal dynamics.  相似文献