五台山区太古宙/元古宙界线划分及其地球演化意义     

李江海  牛向龙  钱祥麟  田永清 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(4):409-418

太古宙/元古宙界线代表地球演化历史上的重大事件,如何准确标定和划分这一界线对认识早期演化历史具有重要意义。区域构造及同位素地质年代学研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代构造演化明显滞后于欧美澳等克拉通,成为有利于建立太古宙/元古宙界线的关键地区。山西五台山区保留了较完整的新太古代-古元古代地层记录。先前研究主要依据该区地层、区域构造、叠层石记录进行界线划分,并对界线争议较多。本文在五台山区长期野外研究的基础上,通过对磨拉石沉积、同构造花岗岩、裂解环境相关玄武岩的综合探讨,建议这一界线划分在东冶亚群与豆村亚群之间。初步的同位素年龄制约表明,这一界线的时代介于2549±22Ma到2450±10Ma之间,与早期大陆克拉通伸展裂解、隆升剥蚀相关,并涉及岩石圈、水圈、大气圈性质的重大变化。  相似文献   

江汉叠合盆地及邻区中生代以来盆山耦合数值模拟研究   总被引：9，自引：9，他引：0  

徐政语  姚根顺  林舸  郭庆新 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(3):305-311

江汉叠合盆地位于扬子地台中部,夹持于秦岭-大别及江南造山带中段之间。中生代以来,先后经历了北部陆陆碰撞、南部陆内挤压造山与断陷、裂陷成盆的演化历程,区域构造体制在中生代发生了重大转换,其中复合、联合了众多的地质现象;盆地历经的海盆、煤盆、盐盆、陆相广盆四个盆地世代详细记录有中国南北大陆联合及东北亚大陆构造体制转换的运动学过程,是认识欧亚大陆东部深层动力地质作用过程的关键地区之一。盆地沉积充填过程可简要概括为前陆、裂陷、坳陷三种基本样式。系统的盆山构造样式及运动学分析结果表明:叠合盆地前陆期发育于同碰撞-造山后作用阶段早期,断、坳陷期发育于造山后作用阶段晚期-非造山裂解阶段。本文运用大陆动力学数值模拟(FLAC软件)方法,从挤压和伸展两方面效验了山-盆演化分别受控于印支-早燕山期的华南与华北陆块的旋转碰撞造山,以及随后的晚燕山-喜山早期碰后陆内俯冲作用所产生的板片断离引起的地幔物质上升与对流作用,晚喜山期太平洋板块俯冲作用以及由此产生的地幔调整等三期动力学系统。为南方中小型叠合盆地动力学解析提供了一种新的思路与研究方法。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景   总被引：29，自引：9，他引：20  

徐黎明  周立发  张义楷  党犇 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(4):455-462

通过大量断层和褶皱的野外观测以及构造形成序列的确定,同时考虑盆地形成演化过程中板块动力学背景,并结合前人的研究成果,开展了鄂尔多斯盆地古构造应力场的研究。研究表明盆地区域主压应力场方向在加里东期呈NNE-SSW向和近SN向,主要是晚奥陶世以来秦岭洋盆向北俯冲并与华北板块碰撞的结果;印支期主要呈NW-SE向和NNE-SSW向、SN向,主要受中特提斯构造动力体系中羌塘地块与欧亚大陆碰撞拼贴产生的远程构造效应影响;燕山期主要呈NW-SE向,主要受古太平洋大陆板块与欧亚大陆板块碰撞远程构造效应影响,盆地西南缘呈NE-SW向;喜马拉雅期呈NNE-SSW向,主要受新特提斯构造动力体系和今太平洋构造动力体系联合作用影响,即今太平洋板块和印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞有关。  相似文献   

Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in coastal grabens,north-east Rhodes,Greece     

NILS-MARTIN HANKEN  RICHARD G. BROMLEY  JOHN MILLER 《Geological Journal》1996,31(3):271-296

The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data.  相似文献   

Trends in stream and river temperature     

B. W. Webb 《水文研究》1996,10(2):205-226

Information on past and likely future trends in water temperature from different parts of the world is collated. The potential causes of trends in the thermal regimes of streams and rivers are many, but the existing database of water temperature information is inadequate to provide a global perspective on changes during the recent, let alone the more remote, past. Data from Europe suggest that warming of up to ca. 1°C in mean river temperatures has occurred during the 20th century, but that this trend has not been continuous, is distorted by extreme hydrological events, is not correlated with simple hydrometeorological factors and has been influenced by a variety of human activities. Predictive studies indicate that an accelerated rise in stream and river temperatures will occur during the next century as a consequence of global warming. However, forecasts must be tentative because future climatic conditions are uncertain and interactions between climate, hydrological and vegetation changes are complex.  相似文献   

DAYTIME HEAT BALANCE FOR ESTIMATING NON-RADIATIVE FLUXES OF LAKE BANYOLES,SPAIN     

J. COLOMER  E. ROGET  X. CASAMITJANA 《水文研究》1996,10(5):721-726

Combining a six-term heat balance equation and a seasonal thermocline model, a new equation to calculate non- radiative fluxes of Lake Banyoles has been determined. Mean daily measurements of global solar radiation, downward longwave radiation, wind speed, air temperature and water surface temperature were used as input data and lake temperature as the calculated output data of the model. To calibrate performance of the new equation, calculated lake temperature was compared with measured lake temperature during both the mixing and the stratified period of the lake. The new coefficients in the wind function to calculate the non-radiative fluxes at the water surface were assumed to depend on the variability of the wind speed, the air temperature of the study area and the surface temperature of the lake. In addition, the results were used to estimate the heat balance of the air–water interface of Lake Banyoles over a period of two years. The processes that have been taken into account are shortwave and longwave radiation, back-radiation emitted by the lake, sensible and latent heat and throughflow.  相似文献   

Carbon cycling in a high-arctic marine ecosystem – Young Sound, NE Greenland     

Sren Rysgaard  Torkel Gissel Nielsen 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,71(2-4):426

Young Sound is a deep-sill fjord in NE Greenland (74°N). Sea ice usually begins to form in late September and gains a thickness of 1.5 m topped with 0–40 cm of snow before breaking up in mid-July the following year. Primary production starts in spring when sea ice algae begin to flourish at the ice–water interface. Most biomass accumulation occurs in the lower parts of the sea ice, but sea ice algae are observed throughout the sea ice matrix. However, sea ice algal primary production in the fjord is low and often contributes only a few percent of the annual phytoplankton production. Following the break-up of ice, the immediate increase in light penetration to the water column causes a steep increase in pelagic primary production. Usually, the bloom lasts until August–September when nutrients begin to limit production in surface waters and sea ice starts to form. The grazer community, dominated by copepods, soon takes advantage of the increased phytoplankton production, and on an annual basis their carbon demand (7–11 g C m⁻²) is similar to phytoplankton production (6–10 g C m⁻²). Furthermore, the carbon demand of pelagic bacteria amounts to 7–12 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Thus, the carbon demand of the heterotrophic plankton is approximately twice the estimated pelagic primary production, illustrating the importance of advected carbon from the Greenland Sea and from land in fuelling the ecosystem.In the shallow parts of the fjord (<40 m) benthic primary producers dominate primary production. As a minimum estimate, a total of 41 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ is fixed by primary production, of which phytoplankton contributes 15%, sea ice algae <1%, benthic macrophytes 62% and benthic microphytes 22%. A high and diverse benthic infauna dominated by polychaetes and bivalves exists in these shallow-water sediments (<40 m), which are colonized by benthic primary producers and in direct contact with the pelagic phytoplankton bloom. The annual benthic mineralization is 32 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ of which megafauna accounts for 17%. In deeper waters benthic mineralization is 40% lower than in shallow waters and megafauna, primarily brittle stars, accounts for 27% of the benthic mineralization. The carbon that escapes degradation is permanently accumulated in the sediment, and for the locality investigated a rate of 7 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ was determined.A group of walruses (up to 50 adult males) feed in the area in shallow waters (<40 m) during the short, productive, ice-free period, and they have been shown to be able to consume <3% of the standing stock of bivalves (Hiatella arctica, Mya truncata and Serripes Groenlandicus), or half of the annual bivalve somatic production. Feeding at greater depths is negligible in comparison with their feeding in the bivalve-rich shallow waters.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

刘绍文  王良书  李成  张鹏  李华 《地质学报》2006,80(3):344-350

塔里木盆地是我国特大型沉积盆地,也是“西气东输”工程的重要战略基地。利用盆地区大量的地温及岩石热物性参数并结合地热学知识分析了塔里木盆地的现代地温场、热演化和岩石圈热-流变学结构,并进一步讨论了地热场和岩石圈性质对成盆、成烃和成藏的意义。研究结果表明塔里木盆地现今平均大地热流为45mW/m2,平均地温梯度为18~20℃/km;整体上具有低温冷盆的特征。地温场的展布具有明显的横向差异,不同构造单元的地温场特征相差较大:坳陷部位具有较低的地温,隆起区具有较高的地热特征。热演化模拟表明盆地自成盆以来经历了从震旦纪—奥陶纪高热流(“热”盆)、志留纪—晚古生代热衰减(“热”盆向“冷”盆过渡)、中生代稳定的热演化(低热流“冷”盆阶段)、新生代岩石圈挠曲热演化等阶段。“热”岩石圈厚度为205~230km,有效弹性厚度(Te)达66±7km,脆-韧性转换深度为25~28km,岩石圈总强度为1.6×1013~7.8×1013N/m。盆地区的岩石圈表现为地温低、强度高的刚性块体,具有整体变形特征。受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应影响,塔里木盆地作为刚性块体进行应力传递,盆地周边产生强烈变形,表现山脉的急剧隆升和盆地边缘的快速挠曲沉降。这一动力学过程造成地层内部流体趋于流向山前隆起带,并对油气成藏和分布具有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

四川盆地米仓山前陆冲断带成藏条件分析   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

吴世祥  汤良杰  马永生  郭彤楼  黄仁春  程胜辉  李儒峰  陈梅涛 《地质学报》2006,80(3):337-343

本文运用层序地层学、平衡剖面分析与缩短量计算和生烃史恢复等方法,从区域构造分析和地震剖面解释入手,通过野外地质调查、地震资料解释、典型剖面平衡剖面分析和缩短量计算,结合成藏条件的分析和生烃史恢复,探讨了米仓山前陆冲断带构造演化特征,揭示该带的成藏条件和天然气富集特征。提出了米仓山演化模式,认为米仓山前陆冲断带成藏条件优越,可供钻探的圈闭发育,天然气勘探潜力巨大,储层、保存条件是成藏关键。其中,二叠系为主要烃源岩,二叠系生屑灰岩和飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩为主要储集层,雷口坡组和嘉陵江组膏盐岩层为主要盖层。并且,冲断带构造演化的时序性表现为由西向东变形强度、缩短量变小,变形时间变晚,同时前陆盆地的不同构造单元间的相互关系发生变化,造成勘探目的层系、圈闭幅度、类型的相应变化。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田原油地球化学特征及其成因   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20  

段毅  吴保祥  张辉  郑朝阳  王传远 《地质学报》2006,80(2):301-310

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田原油进行系统地采样和高分辨率的GC-MS、IRMS分析,研究了原油的生物标志化合物和碳同位素组成特征,并且进行了油源对比,探讨了其成因。研究资料指示了所研究原油属于同一成因类型;原油有机母质为菌藻类和高等植物,特别是高等植物为原油的形成作出了贡献;原油形成于弱还原和淡水或微咸水环境;原油均为成熟原油;原油地球化学特征和上三叠统延长组长,油层组具有亲缘关系,反映了原油主要来源于长,油层组。这些研究结果为盆地的石油勘探提供了科学依据。  相似文献