基于SWEEP模型的天津一次典型沙尘污染事件分析     

曹亚亚  陈莉 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1644-1651

为了分析沙尘天气局地源地表风蚀起尘量与外来源传输路径,针对中国现在沙尘起尘量化的欠缺,应用一次事件的风侵蚀评估模型(SWEEP)来计算天津一次典型沙尘污染事件局地源的总损失量、蠕移+跃移量、悬移量与PM₁₀的量,结合HYSPLIT模型对天津市进行外来源空气颗粒物的轨迹模拟,并分析了空气颗粒物的输送特征。结果表明:在2013年3月9日,天津市郊区12个区县中塘沽单位地块和总起尘量都最大,主要是风速大所致。悬移量在总损失量中比例最大,为85.19%。空气颗粒物的传输路径主要有中国的内蒙古,且当沙尘严重时,不同高度运动轨迹趋于一致。  相似文献   

Ultraviolet Fe ii emission in z∼ 2 quasars     

H. Sameshima  J. Maza  Y. Matsuoka  S. Oyabu  K. Kawara  Y. Yoshii  N. Asami  N. Ienaka  Y. Tsuzuki 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(2):1087-1091

We present spectra of six luminous quasars at   z ∼ 2  , covering rest wavelengths 1600−3200 Å. The fluxes of the UV Fe  ii emission lines and Mg  ii λ2798 doublet, the line widths of Mg  ii and the 3000 Å luminosity were obtained from the spectra. These quantities were compared with those of low-redshift quasars at   z = 0.06–0.55  studied by Tsuzuki et al. In a plot of the Fe  ii (UV)/Mg  ii flux ratio as a function of the central black hole mass, Fe  ii (UV)/Mg  ii in our   z ∼ 2  quasars is systematically greater than in the low-redshift quasars. We confirmed that luminosity is not responsible for this excess. It is unclear whether this excess is caused by rich Fe abundance at   z ∼ 2  over low-redshift or by non-abundance effects such as high gas density, strong radiation field and high microturbulent velocity.  相似文献   

M _BH–σ relation in Sloan Digital Sky Survey flat-spectrum radio quasars     

Minfeng Gu  Zhaoyu Chen  Xinwu Cao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1705-1710

The relationship between the black hole mass and velocity dispersion indicated with [O  iii ] linewidth is investigated for a sample of 87 flat-spectrum radio quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3 quasar catalogue. We found that the   M _BH−σ_[O III]  relation is different from the Tremaine et al. relation for nearby inactive galaxies, with a larger black hole mass at given velocity dispersion. There is no strong evidence of cosmology evolution in the   M _BH−σ_[O III]  relation up to   z ∼ 0.8  . A significant correlation between the [O  iii ] luminosity and broad-line region (BLR) luminosity is found. When transferring the [O  iii ] luminosity to narrow-line region (NLR) luminosity, the BLR luminosity is, on average, larger than the NLR one by about one order of magnitude. We found a strong correlation between the synchrotron peak luminosity and NLR luminosity, which implies a tight relation between the jet physics and accretion process.  相似文献   

Perturbation of nuclear decay rates during the solar flare of 2006 December 13     

Jere H. Jenkins  Ephraim Fischbach   《Astroparticle Physics》2009,31(6):407-411

Recently, correlations have been reported between fluctuations in nuclear decay rates and Earth–Sun distance, which suggest that nuclear decay rates may be affected by solar activity. In this paper, we report the detection of a significant decrease in the decay of ⁵⁴Mn during the solar flare of 2006 December 13, whose X-rays were first recorded at 02:37 UT (21:37 EST on 2006 December 12). Our detector was a 1 μCi sample of ⁵⁴Mn, whose decay rate exhibited a dip coincident in time with spikes in both the X-ray and subsequent charged particle fluxes recorded by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). A secondary peak in the X-ray and proton fluxes on December 17 at 12:40 EST was also accompanied by a coincident dip in the ⁵⁴Mn decay rate. These observations support the claim by Jenkins et al. that nuclear decay rates may vary with Earth–Sun distance.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Massive Star-forming Molecular Cores: The Spectral Observations of CO,CO and CO and the Statistical Comparison     

Li-yun Zhang  Yu Gao 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2009

With the 13.7 m millimeter wave telescope of Purple Mountain Observatory at Qinghai Station, the simultaneous mapping observations at the ¹²CO(J=1-0), ¹³CO(J=1-0) and C¹⁸O(J=1-0) lines were performed towards the 24 Galactic high-mass star-forming cores, which are associated with water masers and have available Spitzer's infrared data. The average mapping range was 8′ × 8′. The C¹⁸O line emission was detected in all the cores, in which 11 cores were observed to the half maximum of their C¹⁸O integrated intensities and the rather extended (5′ − 8′) C¹⁸O maps were obtained, while the others were failed to make such a large scale mapping because of the low SNR or the intrinsically extended morphology of the cores. On the 11 completely mapped dense cores, we analyzed their characteristics and made the statistics and comparisons on the integrated intensity ratios between ¹²CO and ¹³CO (R_12/13), ¹³CO and C¹⁸O(R_13/18), as well as ¹²CO and C¹⁸O(R_12/18). We concluded that as a tracer of dense gas, C¹⁸O is absolutely optically thin and can be used to detect the detailed structures of the cores, and that in general the 3 ratios increase gradually from the core center to the periphery. We found that the integrated intensity ratio R_12/13 ranges from 2 to 6; R_13/18 fluctuates between 4 and 20, but in central regions it is concentrated in the range 6–12 with a small fluctuation; and R_12/18 occupies a wider range 13–90, but it is concentrated between 13 and 50 in the denser regions of the cores.  相似文献   

WRF/Chem模式中两种起沙参数化方案对东亚地区一次强沙尘暴过程模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴成来  林朝晖 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(4):419-436

利用耦合了GOCART和Shao04两种起沙参数化方案的WRF/Chem模式对2002年3月19~22日发生在东亚地区的强沙尘暴过程进行模拟,着重考察了不同起沙方案对沙尘暴过程模拟的影响。结果表明,耦合了两种不同方案的WRF/Chem总体上均能较合理地模拟出主要的起沙区域、起沙强度的变化以及沙尘浓度的时空演变特征,模式对沙尘源地附近及下游地区地面沙尘浓度时间变化特征的模拟与站点观测结果也十分接近。但总体说来Shao04方案对沙尘起沙的发生以及强度变化过程具有更好的模拟能力,该方案模拟的沙尘浓度与观测更为一致,整体性能要优于GOCART方案。进一步分析发现,由于GOCART方案中采用的临界起沙风速偏小,导致该方案下模拟的沙尘分布范围偏大;另外该方案忽略了蒙古东南部和内蒙古中东部的潜在沙尘源地,从而使得耦合了GOCART方案的模式未能模拟出上述区域的起沙过程,使得该区域及下游地区模拟的沙尘浓度也偏小。但在塔里木盆地,Shao04方案计算的起沙通量偏小,这可能与Shao04方案未能考虑风速较小情况下空气拖曳力夹卷作用对起沙的影响有关,也可能与该方案中采用的土壤质地数据不准确有关。  相似文献   

Characteristics of the Acid Rain Variation in China During 1993-2006 and Associated Causes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Yanxi  HOU Qing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(2):239-250

The acid rain observation network of China Meteorological Administration was established in 1989 with 22 stations.From 1993 to 2005,more than 80 stations were included and maintained in the network.In 2006-2007,the number of stations in the network went up to 294.In consideration of the data continuity,data used in this paper are the 14-yr observations of the 80 stations from 1993 to 2006.Based on the 14-yr observation of acid rain,analysis shows that the acid rain in China dominates in the vast regions south of the Yangtze River.Limited presence of acid rain is observed in the northern part of China.The 14-yr acid rain data reveal an expanding tendency for acid rain area,with the north of China being a growing zone,and the South China remaining virtually unchanged.The most severely polluted zone of acid rain gradually moves from Southwest China to Central China and the middle part of South China.With regard to the acid intensity of rain,the period of 1993-1998 bears the highest acid intensity; the period of 1999-2002 shows a bit weakening intensity; and in the period of 2003 2006,the acid intensity of rain increases again,basically up to the average acidity of the period of 1993-1998 by the end of 2006.In addition,rain acidity in the north of China increases markedly.As to the causes of the acid rain situation in China,this paper examined the sulfur dioxide emissions as well as the rainwater chemicals monitoring data.  相似文献   

晋南地区典型盐碱地棉田的NO排放特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李明  梁旺国  郑循华  杨治平  郑普山  陈玉成  陈德立 《气候与环境研究》2009,14(3):318-328

NO是一种主要的大气污染物,施肥农田是大气N0的第二大排放源,农田N0减排有利于减轻空气污染.但农田N0减排措施的制定需要以排放特征和清单研究为基础.本研究采用静态箱自动采样一化学发光在线实时测定方法,对晋南地区典型灌溉盐碱地棉田(实验期间以纯氮计的氮肥施用量为66. kg·hm-2·a-1)的NO排放进行了全天候周年连续观测.结果表明:对于该棉田的NO排放测定,提高观测频率比增加空间重复(增加采样箱)更重要;年度N0排放表现出春夏高、秋冬低的季节变化特点;晴天普遍发生着与温度同步的日间极大值单峰型日变化,且大多数情况下的NO日排放极大值比5 cm深度的土壤温度极大值提前大约3 h;NO-N背景排放率约为0.64 kg·hm-2·a-1,肥料氮的年NO-N直接排放系数为0.32%±0.09%.这些结果揭示了盐碱地棉田NO排放的一些重要特征,并为编制农田NO排放清单提供了排放系数实测数据.  相似文献   

基于ECHAM5模式预估2050年前中国旱涝格局趋势   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

翟建青  曾小凡  苏布达  姜彤 《气候变化研究进展》2009,5(4):220-225

 利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式输出的2001-2050年逐月降水量资料,考虑IPCC采用的3种排放情景（A2：温室气体高排放情景;A1B:温室气体中排放情景;B1：温室气体低排放情景）,计算其标准化降水指数,分析了中国2050年前3种排放情景下的旱涝格局。结果表明：3种情景下旱涝趋势空间分布不同,其中A2情景下旱涝格局同1961-2000年观测到的旱涝格局相似,均存在一条由东北向西南的干旱带;而A1B和B1情景下旱涝格局则发生了很大的变化,尤其B1情景下出现了"北涝南旱"的格局。未来50 a干旱面积在A2情景下呈略增加趋势;A1B和B1情景下为减少趋势。3种情景下干旱频率的空间分布也各不相同。  相似文献   

温室气体稳定浓度情景下中国地区温度和降水变化          下载免费PDF全文

徐敏  罗勇  徐影  郭品文  徐经纬 《气候变化研究进展》2009,5(2):79-084

 利用参与IPCC第四次评估报告（AR4）的多个全球气候系统模式的输出结果,着重分析了2101-2198年温室气体浓度稳定在720 mL/m3和550 mL/m3水平时（S 720和S 550情景）,中国地区地表温度与降水的时空变化特征。结果表明：1) 当温室气体浓度稳定不变时,22世纪中国地表温度仍将呈上升趋势,增温幅度为0.4℃/100a,但升温趋势平缓,幅度明显小于SRES A1B（中等排放）和B1（低排放）情景,冬、春季增温显著且高纬地区增温明显大于低纬地区,夏、秋季次之,因此季节间的温差将会变小;2) S 720（S 550）情景下年平均降水增加幅度基本稳定在11%（8%）左右,冬季降水增加显著,且增幅从南向北逐渐增大,春季次之,夏、秋季大部分地区降水将减少10%～30%。  相似文献