Biomarker distributions in asphaltenes and kerogens analysed by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry     

Ger Van Graas 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

Biomarker distributions in a suite of asphaltenes and kerogens have been analysed by flash pyrolysis directly coupled to a GCMS system. Attention has been focussed on biomarkers of the sterane and triterpane types. The sample suite under investigation consists of sediments with different kerogen types and some crude oils. Biomarker distributions in the pyrolysates have been compared with the “free” biomarkers in the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions.The analyses show significant differences between the distributions of the free biomarkers and those in the pyrolysates. The latter have lower amounts of steranes while diasteranes are absent or present at low concentrations only. In the triterpane traces a shift of maximum intensity from C₃₀ (free compounds) to C₂₇/C₂₉ is observed. Furthermore, the pyrolysates contain a set of triterpenes (not present among the free compounds), and there is a selective loss of “non-regular” triterpanes that are present in the saturated hydrocarbon fractions. The observed differences between pyrolysates and free hydrocarbons can be explained partly by the processes occurring during pyrolysis such as bond rupture and subsequent stabilisation of primary pyrolysis products. To a certain extent these differences also show that maturation processes occurring in sediments have effects on free biomarker molecules different from those on molecules that are enclosed in a macromolecular matrix (kerogen or asphaltenes).Differences between biomarker distributions of asphaltene and kerogen pyrolysates are relatively small. A comparison with the pyrolysates from extracted whole sediments suggests that these differences are mainly caused by interactions between the organic material and the mineral matrix during pyrolysis.Oil asphaltenes behave differently from sediment asphaltenes as their pyrolysates are more similar to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions, i.e. the differences described above are observed to a much smaller extent. This different behaviour appears to be the result of coprecipitation of a part of the maltene fraction with the oil asphaltenes.  相似文献   

Limestone weathering in Eastern Australia. Part 2: Surface micromorphology study     

C. Moses  A. P. Spate  D. I. Smith  M. A. Greenaway 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(6):501-514

Results from long term microerosion meter (MEM) studies indicate that microenvironments are characterized by different erosion rates. A complementary study, carried out on the same sites, examines the microscale morphology in each environment. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify a range of features thought to reflect different processes. Under subaerial conditions micromorphology is dominated by biological weathering features owing to the presence of microflora. Sites permanently covered by soil or stream water have only dissolution etch features, though stream sites may exhibit microfractures. Sites with periodic exposure exhibit both dissolution and biological etch features. The natural environment is more accurately reflected by allowing some microflora colonization of MEM sites rather than preventing colonization by artificial means.  相似文献   

竖直埋管地源热泵技术   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

刘冬生  孙友宏 《世界地质》2002,21(4):406-410

竖直埋管地源热泵技术的重点和核心是地下埋管换热器。地下埋管换热器的设计包括：换热器形式和回路形式的选择，地下换热器尺寸设计，水平间距及热短路，管材的选用和换热能力等。地下埋管换热器的施工主要包括：钻孔，下管，注浆、回填和换热器的安装。  相似文献   

离层注浆防治地表塌陷的注浆量计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨逾  范学理  杨伦  赵德深 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2001,12(1):78-81

地下煤层的大量开采，引起采空空间向地面的转移从而导致地表塌陷，造成危害。基于岩体中离层产生、发展的研究理论，提出利用“离层注浆防治地表塌陷技术”以控制地表塌陷。注浆量和与其相应的泵压是覆岩离层注浆工程实施防治地表塌陷成功与否的关键参数之一。通过对注浆机理及浆液流动模式的简论，给出了注浆量的两种计算方法并引入几个重要参数。文章指出了与计算所得注浆量相匹配的泵压，且给出一个在理论指导下的选型实例，为现场施工设计提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

水文水井抽水试验参数自动监测系统硬件设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龚元明胡郁乐  吴翔王培玉  王建国杨增斌 《探矿工程》2001,(5):16-18

设计了以单片机为核心的抽水试验参数自动监测系统，能自动完成水位、出水量、地下水温和承压水水头高度等主要参数的自动监测，并现场打印数据；能和PC机进行数据通讯，转储数据，通过PC机进行进一步数据处理，输出打印S＝f(t)和Q＝f(t)曲线，建立数据库。  相似文献   

鄂东铅锌矿床成矿中磷酸盐生物和非生物还原作用的有机地球化学研究     

胡明安  罗学常  高广立 《地球学报》1996,17(Z1):97-103

矿床产于三叠系大冶群碳酸盐岩中，有机质来自海相浮游生物和微生物。矿层中有机质发生成熟异常，已达过成熟作用早期。这得到镜质体反射率（Ro达4.6%）和矿物包裹体测温（均—温度达210℃）的证实。部分标本中有机质被微生物降解。硫同位素δ34S值大部分为正值，小部分为负值。综合研究表明在鄂东铅锌硫化物矿床的形成过程中，硫酸盐的生物和非生物还原作用，均具有十分重要的成矿意义。  相似文献   

海洋碳循环模式的进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘瑞芝  张学洪 《大气科学》1992,16(4):494-501

本文综述了两类近年来国外使用的海洋碳循环数值模式.一类是国外通常使用的比较简单的箱模式;另一类是基于大洋环流模式的三维无机碳循环模式,以及在该模式的基础上引进了海洋生物群作用的海洋碳循环模式.后者是目前比较完整的模式,也是本文重点介绍的内容.  相似文献   

砷的催化极谱波研究及应用     

陈泽堂 《华东地质学院学报》1993,16(1):91-96

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海洋环境沉积物输运研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

蒋东辉  高抒 《地球科学进展》2003,18(1):100-108

海洋环境中沉积物的输运涉及复杂的过程和机制。20世纪后半叶发展起来的悬沙输运数学模型已经成为海洋沉积动力学的一个有力的研究工具。悬沙输运数学模型的有效运行需要正确的数值解法和模型中所含参数的确定,包括悬沙沉降速度、扩散系数、底床糙度和切应力,以及底边界上的沉降-再悬浮通量。由于复杂的水动力条件、屏蔽效应以及海底生物扰动等因素的作用,海洋环境推移质输运的经验、半经验公式具有一定的局限性。因此,充分考虑以上各种因素是正确预测海洋环境中推移质输运的关键。海洋环境沉积物输运理论的进一步发展需要着重进行各种过程和机制的研究,而这项工作依赖于高精度、高分辨率现场观测仪器的发展和更先进的颗粒态物质运动理论的建立。  相似文献   

Solar ultraviolet transfer in the Martian atmosphere: biological and geological implications     

C Córdoba-Jabonero  L.M LaraA.M Mancho  A MárquezR Rodrigo 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(6):399-410

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