War,by Conservation     

《Geoforum》2016

In this paper I argue that there has been a critical shift towards war by conservation in which conservation, security and counter insurgency (COIN) are becoming more closely integrated. In this new phase concerns about global security constitute important underlying drivers, while biodiversity conservation is of secondary importance. This is a significant break from earlier phases of fortress conservation and war for biodiversity. In order to develop a better understanding of these shifts, this paper analyzes the existing conceptual approaches, notably environmental security which seeks to understand how resources cause or shape conflict, and political ecology approaches that focus on the struggles over access to and control over resources. However, this paper indicates the limitations of these existing debates for understanding recent shifts, which require a fresh approach. I chart the rise of the narrative I call poachers-as-terrorists, which relies on the invocation of the idea that ivory is the white gold of Jihad, a phrase which is closely associated with an Elephant Action League (EAL) report in 2012 which claimed Al Shabaab used ivory to fund its operations. This narrative is being extended and deepened by a powerful alliance of states, conservation NGOs, Private Military Companies and international organizations, such that it is shaping policies, especially in areas of US geo-strategic interest in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result conservation is becoming a core element of a global security project, with significant implications for conceptual debates and for conservation practice on the ground.  相似文献   

云南富宁县水合口矿化蚀变信息提取和找矿预测     

刘峰  朱杰勇  白光顺  孙滨 《矿产与地质》2016,(3):450-454

云南富宁水合口金矿位于滇东南文山―富宁成矿带,属于著名的滇黔桂"金三角"地区。利用landsat 8OLI遥感影像对研究区进行1∶100 000矿化蚀变信息提取,结合区域地质和化探异常等多元信息进行找矿预测,表明矿化蚀变、断裂构造交汇处和地球化学异常空间叠加部位为有利找矿地区,圈定了5个找矿远景区,为研究区开展下一步找矿提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

矿床成矿系列——五论矿床的成矿系列问题     

陈毓川  裴荣富  王登红  黄凡 《地球学报》2016,37(5):519-527

矿床的成矿系列(简称成矿系列)是矿床学领域的一个理论性概念,由五级序次组成。矿床成矿系列是成矿系列的第二序次,是成矿系列的核心部分。矿床成矿系列的划分,以岩浆、沉积、变质、表生和流体(非岩浆-非变质成因流体)5种成矿作用为基本原则,以成矿地质环境为基础,结合成矿的时段与形成的矿床组合进行划分。本文对矿床成矿系列时空范围、时空组成结构、矿化强度与演化、成矿区带内不同矿床成矿系列之间的演化、叠加和复合作用及对指导找矿的意义进行了论述。  相似文献   

国际油气井钻头进展概述 (四)——PDC钻头发展进程及当今态势（下）          下载免费PDF全文

左汝强 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):40-48

近年来,非平面PDC切削齿,如浅凹面PDC齿、Stinger毒牙中心锥形齿、Stinger毒牙刀翼锥形齿、AxeBlade斧式脊形PDC齿和StayCool保持冷却PDC齿等制造的钻头,逐步在油气钻井中得到有效的应用。这些钻头能够以较高的钻进效率和工作寿命钻进某些硬岩和研磨性地层。为了满足水平钻井,特别在页岩气水平井中能够强力排除岩屑,并具有优良的钻井导向性能,国际著名公司推出了许多新型钻头,如ONXY Ⅱ矛式PDC钻头、Seeker导向PDC钻头、CounterForce反力PDC钻头、Speed快速PDC钻头等用于当代油气钻井,取得了良好的效果。文章还介绍了Defyer DPA套管钻头与CuttPro PDC防剪切保护帽。提出了以下建议：继续深入研究PDC钻头,以提高其性能,更好地满足油气钻井的要求;组合化钻头是油气钻头发展的重要趋势;比金刚石性能更好的钻头切削材料有可能今后发现或合成,可用于制作更佳钻井钻头;我国钻头企业需重组和发展状大;各种钻头技术创新应该加强。  相似文献   

深水稀井区天然气藏储盖组合定量预测方法研究:以琼东南盆地陵水凹陷为例     

刘静静  刘震  孙志鹏  孙晓明 《现代地质》2018,32(4):796

南海北部油气勘探表明天然气是本地区主要的资源类型。与石油相比,天然气藏的形成对盖层要求更为严格,因此开展天然气藏储盖组合研究对油气勘探具有重要意义。通过统计和调研的方法,将砂岩储层孔隙度12%定义为琼东南盆地天然气有效储层评价的下限参数,将泥岩排替压力1 MPa定义为天然气有效泥岩盖层评价的下限参数。利用测井资料开展了单井天然气藏储盖组合窗口定量预测,得出陵水凹陷W22-1井发育单个天然气藏储盖组合窗口。在此基础上,针对稀井或无井区,提出了基于地震反演速度剖面的天然气藏储盖组合定量预测方法,以琼东南盆地陵水凹陷主洼过井测线为例,开展了天然气藏储盖组合窗口地震预测,确定出该凹陷主洼发育单个天然气藏储盖组合窗口,大体上包括陵水组-莺歌海组上部多套地层,拓宽了陵水凹陷天然气勘探层系。这种方法对其它深水区和低勘探新区均有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Foundations of petroleum prediction based on the activation of geochemical processes by direct current     

V.Yu. Shigaev 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(11):1508-1513

Petroleum prediction in local objects and the applicability of geologic environment parameters in this regard are considered. The proposed guidelines for petroleum potential prediction are based on the analysis of the distribution of typomorphic epigenetic multivalent elements loosely fixed in rocks before and after electric current treatment. The advantage of geoelectrochemical methods providing data on the chemical composition of above-productive deposits is demonstrated.  相似文献   

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)     

Emily Keeble  David I. Whiteside  Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地和田河气田周缘寒武系盐下白云岩油气勘探潜力分析          下载免费PDF全文

曾昌民 李 勇范秋海  冯晓军张 亮 陈 才朱礼春  陈延贵李向云 《地质科学》2018,(4):1413-1439

塔里木盆地塔西南地区和田河气田周缘寒武系中统发育厚层膏盐岩,其下白云岩溶蚀裂缝-孔洞型储层发育条件好。多个层系具备烃源岩发育条件,除寒武系下统玉尔吐斯组外,震旦系、南华系也是可能的重要生油层系,油气资源丰富。盐下发育多个规模较大的构造圈闭,且由于膏盐岩层的滑脱作用,断裂很难断穿盐层,后期保存条件好。因此,寒武系中统膏盐岩与下伏白云岩组成本区重要的储盖组合,勘探领域具有非常好的前景。  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷古生界潜山储层沥青成因判识     

王鑫  周立宏  金凤鸣  付立新  楼达 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1123-67z1124

正黄骅坳陷古生界潜山是大港油田重要的油气勘探领域,近年来,先后在王官屯、乌马营潜山古生界发现油气流,且均为石炭—二叠系煤系源岩供烃成藏,如王官屯潜山王古1井二叠系石盒子组发现天然气,同位素特征判断为煤成天然气。这些发现拓展了古生界潜山的勘探领域,表明了石炭—二叠系煤系烃源岩的油气充注范围不仅仅局限于奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层,石炭—二叠系的碎屑岩储层也可以充注成藏,证实了古生界潜山具有更大的油气勘探价值。随着勘探进程与理论认识的不断深化,  相似文献   

喜马拉雅东段库曲岩体锂、铍和铌钽稀有金属矿物研究及指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周起凤  秦克章  何畅通  吴华英  刘宇超  牛向龙  莫凌超  刘小驰  赵俊兴 《岩石学报》2021,37(11):3305-3324

稀有金属矿物记录了花岗伟晶岩成岩成矿的重要信息。喜马拉雅是全球著名的淡色花岗岩带,库曲岩体位于喜马拉雅东段的特提斯喜马拉雅岩系中。本文调查了库曲岩体的二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩、电气石花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩,其中,花岗伟晶岩涉及花岗岩的伟晶岩相和独立伟晶岩脉。库曲岩体产出的稀有金属矿物包括锂辉石、锂绿泥石、绿柱石、铌铁矿-钽铁矿、钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石,它们主要赋存于似文象伟晶岩、石英-钠长石-白云母伟晶岩、块体长石-钠质细晶岩、块体长石-电气石钠质细晶岩、锂辉石-块体长石-细晶岩、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相以及电气石花岗岩内。显微镜观察、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS测试结果显示锂辉石具有四种产状,包括粗粒锂辉石自形-半自形晶、细粒锂辉石-石英镶嵌晶、中细粒锂辉石-钾长石-钠长石-云母镶嵌晶以及发育锂绿泥石的粗粒锂辉石,揭示了其形成时复杂的熔流体动荡结晶环境。绿柱石背散射电子图像（BSE）下呈均一结构和不均一结构（蚀变边、不规则分带和补丁分带）,元素替代机制包括通道-八面体替代、通道-四面体替代以及通道中碱金属阳离子间的置换。铌铁矿族矿物包括原生、蚀变边和不规则分带结构,部分被钇铀钽烧绿石和细晶石交代。与原生铌铁矿相比,蚀变边和不规则分带铌铁矿族矿物总体上富钽贫锰,显示了结晶分异、过冷却引起的过饱和以及流体作用。根据稀有金属矿物揭示的成因信息,独立伟晶岩脉（似文象伟晶岩）、白云母花岗岩的伟晶岩相和电气石花岗岩在岩浆分异程度、经历的演化过程、以及流体活动方面存在差异,很可能是不同期次岩浆活动的产物。库曲岩体绿柱石的Rb和Zn含量、以及铌铁矿族矿物的Sc₂O₃、SiO₂和PbO含量,与已有指示标志存在相关性,作为潜在指示标志仍需开展更多的研究工作。综合含锂辉石伟晶岩的产出、岩浆分异演化程度、多期花岗质岩浆活动、复杂的流体作用以及所属锂丰度高值区等因素,库曲岩体是喜马拉雅东段找锂的有利地段。  相似文献