Impact of climate change on hydrological processes over a basin scale in northern Taiwan     

Pao‐Shan Yu  Yu‐Chi Wang 《水文研究》2009,23(25):3556-3568

This study investigates the impact of climate change on rainfall, evapotranspiration, and discharge in northern Taiwan. The upstream catchment of the Shihmen reservoir in northern Taiwan was chosen as the study area. Both observed discharge and soil moisture were simultaneously adopted to optimize the HBV‐based hydrological model, clearly improving the simulation of the soil moisture. The delta change of monthly temperature and precipitation from the grid cell of GCMs (General Circulation Models) that is closest to the study area were utilized to generate the daily rainfall and temperature series based on a weather generating model. The daily rainfall and temperature series were further inputted into the calibrated hydrological model to project the hydrological variables. The studies show that rainfall and discharge will be increased during the wet season (May to October) and decreased during the dry season (November to April of the following year). Evapotranspiration will be increased in the whole year except in November and December. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the sublimation of ice particles on the surface of Mars; with applications to the 2007/8 Phoenix Scout mission     

Peter A. Taylor  Konstantin Baibakov  Michael H. Hecht  P.-Y. Li  Luis Prieto 《Icarus》2006,181(2):375-387

Experimental studies related to the sublimation of ice, in bulk or as small particles, alone or mixed with dust similar to that expected on the surface of Mars, are reported. The experiments, a cloud physics particle sublimation model, and a convection model presented by Ingersoll, all indicate a strong dependence of sublimation rate on temperature, and this appears to be the dominant factor, assuming that the relative humidity of the air is fairly low. In addition the rate of loss of water vapour appears to depend primarily on exposed surface area and less on particle size and the total mass of the sample, or the mass of ice in the sample. The 2007/8 Phoenix Scout mission plans to obtain and analyse samples of sub-surface ice from about 70° N on Mars. A concern is that these samples, in the form of ice chips of size about 1 mm diameter, could be prone to sublimation when exposed for prolonged periods (many hours) to a relatively warm and dry atmosphere. Our laboratory simulations confirm that this could be a problem if particles are simply left lying on the surface, but also indicate that samples kept suitably cold and collected together in confined piles will survive long enough for the collection and delivery (to the analysis instruments) procedure to be completed.  相似文献   

SOFTWARE REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1990,42(3):386-390

AMOS—Analysis of MOment Structures . James Arbuckle CLIMATEDATA–Summary of the Day . (Version 1.10). HYDRODATA–U.S.G.S. Daily Values (Version 2.0). The MAP SETS (includes EUROPEAN MAPSET, US MAPSET and WORLD MAPSET). James Taylor  相似文献   

2009-2013年普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量的年际变化及其与全球气候事件的关系     

扈传昱  韩正兵  孙维萍  陈际雨 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(2):285-294

利用中国南极科学考察期间获得的颗粒物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾海域水体中生物硅的含量分布及年际变化情况进行了分析。研究结果显示:在2013年夏季普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量在0.38—8.62μmol/dm3之间变化,平均为1.55±1.86μmol/dm3。生物硅在67°S以南湾内区域表层水体中的含量明显高于67°S以北的湾外区域,最大值出现在普里兹湾陆架区,生物因子是表层水体生物硅含量分布的主控因子。根据不同年份即25、26、27、28、29次南极科学考察期间获取的数据研究显示,普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量存在明显的年际差异。历史数据分析结果表明,气候事件对普里兹湾海冰变化有明显的影响,因而对相应年份该海域浮游植物数量和种群结构也会产生一定的影响,从而导致表层水体中生物硅含量的年际差异。  相似文献   

广西钦州湾百年来红树林演变的有机碳同位素和孢粉示踪及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏鹏  孟宪伟  平爱平  李珍 《海洋学报》2015,37(3):77-85

气候变化和人类活动制约下的红树林演变是一种长时间尺度效应,而沉积物则是记录这种响应的最佳档案。采用古生态学研究思路,选择有效的示踪参数是解读这一档案的有效途径。本文通过广西钦州湾红树林区1根柱状沉积物中有机碳同位素(δ13C)、C/N分析和孢粉鉴定,以沉积物中的红树林源有机碳贡献和红树植物孢粉组合为示踪参数,在210Pb年龄框架构建的基础上,通过对比研究红树林源有机碳贡献和红树孢粉组合特征,揭示百年来钦州湾红树林兴衰和群落演替规律;进而重塑其红树林演变历史:兴盛期(1864-1918年)、衰退期(1918-1968年)和低谷期(1968-2007年),这与土地替代、遥感分析和现场勘测数据较为吻合。结合气候变化和人类活动资料,发现钦州湾红树林的近期衰退主要源于人类活动的影响,尤其是虾塘围垦;而与气候变化关系不大。  相似文献   

Emerging coral diseases: a temperature‐driven process?          下载免费PDF全文

Aaron W. Miller  Laurie L. Richardson 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):278-291

In the last few decades there has been a surge in research focusing on coral disease. While climate change, specifically rising sea surface temperature, has been proposed as a major and growing driver of the emergence of marine diseases, to date a solid connection between disease epizootics and elevated sea surface temperature has not been established. However, a wealth of data now exists, compiled from many different perspectives, that may support such a connection. In this work we provide a comprehensive review targeting one coral disease, black band disease, that spans the infection process, pathobiology, and epizootiology, and links specific mechanisms of the disease process to increasing temperatures. This temperature‐driven pattern of infection can be expanded to include similar processes associated with other temperature‐related coral diseases. The conclusions presented here are based upon the results of many studies using a diverse suite of approaches that have been synthesized to argue that the emergence and continuing spread of black band disease is linked to warming sea surface temperatures. In summary, as global ocean temperatures increase seasonally and over decades, the environment shifts to become more favorable for the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms endemic to the immediate environment of the reef. The increase in the relative number of potential pathogens in the microbial community produces microenvironments conducive to the growth of other potential pathogens, leading to infection by a polymicrobial consortium. This consortium is easily perturbed by a (seasonal) temperature decrease, but remains associated with the coral host and can be reactivated with a subsequent seasonal increase in temperature, resulting in a cycle of temperature‐dependent disease emergence.  相似文献   

海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展趋势分析     

张云海  汪东平 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(3):26-32

文中论述了海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展现状,强调移动平台观测技术的重要性。通过剖析移动平台观测技术谱系,从顶层设计、关键技术创新、平台载体系统集成及应用技术等方面,分析了未来技术发展趋势,提出了加强我国海洋环境移动平台观测技术的发展建议。  相似文献   

海底观测网技术进展与发展趋势     

李风华郭永刚吴立新李整林 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(3):33-35

海底观测网络由于其特有的能源供给与信息传输优势,受到了广泛关注与重视。文中简要回顾了国内外海底观测网技术的发展现状,并就海底观测网技术发展趋势进行了探讨。  相似文献   

尼泊尔Ms8.1地震构造背景及对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响     

雷东宁  蔡永建  李恒  吴建超  乔岳强  余松  廉超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(5):738-741

分析印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲带、尼泊尔Ms8.1地震震中区地震构造及地震发震构造,讨论主震对余震触发及余震的时空强特征和地震对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响。初步分析认为,主边界断裂为本次地震的发震构造,属于低角度逆冲断层地震;余震分布范围与震源破裂面积和方式基本一致,具有向东迁移的时空特征;西藏定日Ms5.9、聂拉木Ms5.3地震不属于尼泊尔地震余震,是应力扰动的结果;沿俯冲带向东至喜马拉雅东构造结是大震发生的危险地段。  相似文献   

基于GEE的地表覆盖与气候状态关联研究     

陈伟  刘湘媛  曾圣  张华平  毛志芳 《测绘通报》2021,(12):99-104

为探究地表覆盖与气候状态间的关联性,本文选取2019年的Landsat影像数据,结合温度、降水量、PM_2.5浓度3种气候指标,利用GEE平台,结合NDVI、MNDWI、NDBI,采用SVM、RF、CART方法进行地表覆盖分类,探究气候指标与地表覆盖类型分布的关联性;提出了使用3种气候指标构建分类特征进行地表覆盖分类的方法,并通过消融试验分析了气候指标对地表覆盖分类精度的影响。结果表明:①RF有较好的分类结果,总体精度为96.0%;②3种气候指标均能提高地表覆盖分类精度,其中PM_2.5浓度效果最好;③温度与植被、水体关联性较大,PM_2.5浓度与城区、植被关联性较大,降水量与耕地关联性较大。  相似文献