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全球有缆海底观测网概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《热带海洋学报》2017,(3)
近期有缆海底观测网发展迅猛,世界各国包括加拿大、美国、日本和欧洲国家都依据自己的科学目标,建立了相应的有缆海底观测网。文章针对不同国家有缆海底观测网系统的组成和建设分别做了概述和评论。从1978年开始到现在,日本成功建设了10条有缆海底地震观测网,从早期同轴电缆作为主干电缆,发展到使用光电缆连接水下设施。加拿大成功建成近岸尺度和区域尺度两条有缆海底观测网。美国2012年成功建成目前世界上最长的一条区域海底观测网(约900km)。欧洲国家也正在开展在10个海区建立有缆观测网。跟随国外的步伐,我国和我国台湾地区也建立了自己的海底观测站(东海小衢山)和有缆观测网(中国台湾妈祖)。文章依据世界上已经建立的有缆海底观测网,分析认为与全球有缆观测网布设有关的遥控水下机器人是关键技术,并探讨了海底观测网今后的发展和面临的挑战。 相似文献
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文中详细研究了当前世界上最典型的海底观测网的建设发展规模、形式、设备类型以及我国海底观测网的发展现状,并对国内外海底观测网的发展趋势进行总结。对日本、加拿大、美国及欧洲的海底观测网进行了设备级研究,对我国台湾地区、东海、南海的海底观测网现状进行了研究,并讨论了国外先进观测网对我国的海底观测网建设的借鉴意义。文中总结出海底观测网发展的整体趋势为:单节点网络加速验证新型设备及传感器的水下能力;区域尺度网络用于加速多学科发展并提升灾害预警能力;而浮标平台网络作为补充,铺设在远海区域以降低阶段建设成本。 相似文献
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海底观测网因其实时、长期、连续、高精度时钟同步及原位等优势而逐渐成为人类研究海洋的新型平台,建设规模和应用水深都在不断扩大。海底观测网系统建设中,深水设备的精准定点布放及湿插拔作业是施工的难点。针对国内海底观测网精准定位布放作业存在的困难和问题,结合国内现有施工条件,提出一种大深度海底设备精准定点布放安装方法,实现南海深海海底观测网试验系统深水设备精准定位布放与ROV湿插拔作业,对未来大规模海底观测网及其它深水工程中设备的精准定点布放和安装,具有参考和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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海底动力环境监测系统是南海海底观测网试验系统的重要课题。在"十一五"观测网的基础上,对系统的稳定性与可靠性进行改进,设计使用CAN现场总线通信、ARM双冗余备份、Modem声学网关通道、DC/DC并联冗余与备份电池。该系统主要搭载声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)、国家海洋技术中心温盐深测量仪(CTD)、高精度压力传感器等设备,集成岸基监测与反馈子系统、控制与数据采集子系统、通信与电源管理子系统,实现了对海底边界层速度剖面场、湍流速度、温度、盐度、压力等海洋动力要素的长期实时稳定监测。经过试验测试,该系统稳定可靠,利于传感器扩展集成,为海底观测网提供了可靠的验证观测节点。 相似文献
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海底观测网电力系统供电海缆易发生绝缘故障,由于其在海底极端环境下运行,实现高精度的电缆故障定位,对于降低其维修成本至关重要。基于海底观测网电能监控系统实时采集的电气测量参数,本文提出了基于主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)和长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)网络的供电海缆高阻故障定位方法,先使用PCA进行数据降维,再将处理后的数据输入LSTM网络进行训练,捕获多源数据的时间特征,挖掘电力系统故障特征与电气参数之间的对应关系,实现海缆故障精确定位。通过在海底观测网原型系统上的实验证明,该方法经K折交叉验证方法(K-fold Cross Validation, K-CV)验证,准确率可达91%左右,故障定位误差约为0.4 km。 相似文献
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海王星海底长期观测系统的技术分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
美国和加拿大为建立全球最大海洋观测网而联合开展的海王星计划被誉为人类的水下“哈勃”。文中首先介绍了海王星计划的由来与背景,然后分析了其基础架构及实现的关键技术,并对我国海底观测技术的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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Nai-Chi Hsiao Tzu-Wei Lin Shu-Kun Hsu Kai-Wei Kuo Tzay-Chyn Shin Peih-Lin Leu 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2014,35(3):327-336
In order to improve the locating capability for offshore earthquakes and tsunamis monitored off northeastern Taiwan, a cable-based ocean bottom seismographic observatory named “Marine Cable Hosted Observatory” (MACHO) was constructed and began operation at the end of 2011. The installed instruments of the observatory include a broadband seismometer, a strong-motion seismometer and a pressure gauge. In addition, various scientific instruments could be deployed for other purposes as well. At present, the seismic data are transmitted in real-time via a fiber cable, and integrated into the current inland seismographic network in Taiwan. The ocean bottom station has contributed to provide high quality seismic data already. According to observations from January 2012 to June 2013, there were a total of 15,168 earthquakes recorded by the system. By using the data from the ocean bottom station, the number of relocated earthquakes with an azimuth gap less than 180 degrees substantially increase about 34 %. Meanwhile, the root–mean–square of the time residual, the error in epicenter, and the error in depth of the earthquake locations decrease. Therefore, the implementation of MACHO has the advantage of extending the coverage of existing the Taiwan seismic network to the offshore, providing more accurate and real-time seismic data for offshore earthquakes monitoring. The results show that MACHO is crucial and necessary for monitoring seismic activities in northeastern Taiwan. 相似文献
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Hirata K. Aoyagi M. Mikada H. Kawaguchi K. Kaiho Y. Iwase R. Morita S. Fujisawa I. Sugioka H. Mitsuzawa K. Suyehiro K. Kinoshita H. Fujiwara N. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(2):170-181
A permanent real-time geophysical observatory using a submarine cable was developed and deployed to monitor seismicity, tsunamis, and other geophysical phenomena in the southern Kurile subduction zone. The geophysical observatory comprises six bottom sensor units, two branching units, a main electro-optical cable with a length of 240 km and two land stations. The bottom sensor units are: 1) three ocean bottom broadband seismometers with hydrophone; 2) two pressure gauges (PGs); 3) a cable end station with environmental measurement sensors. Real-time data from all the undersea sensors are transmitted through the main electro-optical cable to the land station. The geophysical observatory was installed on the continental slope of the southern Kurile trench, southeast Hokkaido, Japan in July 1999. Examples of observed data are presented. Sensor noises and resolution are mentioned for the ocean bottom broadband seismometers and the PGs, respectively. An adaptable observation system including very broadband seismometers is scheduled to be connected to the branching unit in late 2001. The real-time geophysical observatory is expected to greatly advance the understanding of geophysical phenomena in the southern Kurile subduction zone 相似文献
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为有效保护近海海底观测网观测安全,免受渔船拖网和抛锚等损坏的问题,设计了一套多警戒浮标(直径2.4~3.0 m)的实时监控系统,该警戒浮标可获取浮标本身工作状态,并能实时、动态、连续的将警戒浮标的运行状态发送到陆基岸站,实现对保护目标海域的实时监控,同时该浮标系统可进行扩充实现对海洋环境要素的观测。警戒浮标布设采用正多边形(三角形、正方形和正五边形等)预警保护方式,浮标以保护节点为中心等距布放,组网形成有效的海上保护围栏,保障海底观测系统的安全运行;供电系统采用太阳能电池和蓄电池组合供能方式,可保证在连续阴天的情况下警戒浮标系统运行100天。该警戒浮标技术已在东海海底观测网保护中成功示范运行6个月,该技术可为近海海底观测保护提供有效技术保障。 相似文献
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S. A. Sviridov N. A. Palshin V. A. Solovyev A. V. Zaretskiy A. A. Metal’nikov 《Oceanology》2010,50(1):139-147
A coastal observatory for long-term continuous measurements of oceanological parameters and real-time data transfer via the
Internet to remote users is described. The observatory was designed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (SIO) and tested
at its southern branch (SB) in the Black Sea. The architecture, components, and design principles of the observatory are discussed
along with its application for solving problems of water dynamics in the coastal zone. Results of field tests are given. 相似文献
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A. B. Rabinovich 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2014,50(5):445-458
Deep-sea tsunami measurements play a major role in understanding the physics of tsunami wave generation and propagation, and in the creation of an effective tsunami warning system. The paper provides an overview of the history of tsunami recording in the open ocean from the beginning (about 50 years ago) to the present day. It describes modern tsunami monitoring systems, including the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART), innovative Japanese bottom cable projects, and the NEPTUNE-Canada geophysical bottom observatory. The specific peculiarities of seafloor longwave observations in the deep ocean are discussed and compared with those recorded in coastal regions. Tsunami detection in bottom presure observations is exemplified based on analysis of distant (22000 km) records of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeastern Pacific. 相似文献
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B. D. Dykhan V. M. Jaque E. A. Kulikov S. S. Lappo V. N. Mitrofanov A. A. Poplavsky 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):303-310
Abstract The small tsunami of February 23, 1980, which originated near the southern part of the Kuril Islands was recorded by the bottom vibrotron sensor installed on the shelf near Shikotan Island and connected to the island observatory by underwater cable. The marigram of the tsunami is given and compared with marigrams obtained at shore tide gauges. Some spectral features of the records are discussed. 相似文献
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Schofield O. Bergmann T. Bissett P. Grassle J.F. Haidvogel D.B. Kohut J. Moline M. Glenn S.M. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(2):146-154
An integrated ocean observatory has been developed and operated in the coastal waters off the central coast of New Jersey, USA. One major goal for the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO) is to develop a real-time capability for rapid environmental assessment and physical/biological forecasting in coastal waters. To this end, observational data are collected from satellites, aircrafts, ships, fixed/relocatable moorings and autonomous underwater vehicles. The majority of the data are available in real-time allowing for adaptive sampling of episodic events and are assimilated into ocean forecast models. In this observationally rich environment, model forecast errors are dominated by uncertainties in the model physics or future boundary conditions rather than initial conditions. Therefore, ensemble forecasts with differing model parameterizations provide a unique opportunity for model refinement and validation. The system has been operated during three annual coastal predictive skill experiments from 1998 through 2000. To illustrate the capabilities of the system, case studies on coastal upwelling and small-scale biological slicks are discussed. This observatory is one part of the expanding network of ocean observatories that will form the basis of a national observation network 相似文献
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提出地磁日变改正中需要顾及地磁长期变化和磁扰的可靠分离,保证磁力数据改正处理具有明确的基准,提高拼接整合的精度.如果日变站能够控制测区,两者可采用时间同步固定的地磁正常场作为磁异常基准,测区的地磁长期变化由日变站实测的地磁长期变化来改正,反之,对日变站和测区应分别采用时间同步变化的地磁正常场作为磁异常基准,测区的地磁长期变化由地磁正常场的地磁长期变化来改正.为此,应该明确定义与时间相关的日变改正基值为地磁正常场与地磁异常之和.通过磁静日总场观测值偏离正常场的某种形式的长期平均值,可以逼近日变站的地磁异常.磁扰的分离应保证磁扰初动和消失相对于磁静日无磁扰的连续过渡.采用综合模型一并进行日变改正、正常场及其长期变化改正,可以更好地解决目前日变改正中遇到的问题. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Sustained ocean observations are crucial to understand both natural processes occurring in the ocean and human influence on the marine ecosystems. The information they provide increases our understanding and is therefore beneficial to the society as a whole because it contributes to a more efficient use and protection of the marine environment, upon which human livelihood depends. In addition the oceans, which occupy 73% of the planet surface and host 93% of the biosphere, play a massive role in controlling the climate. Eulerian or fixed-point observatories are an essential component of the global ocean observing system as they provide several unique features that cannot be found in other systems and are therefore complementary to them. In addition they provide a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, combining physical, chemical and biological observations on several time scales. The fixed-point open ocean observatory network (FixO3) integrates the 23 European open ocean fixed-point observatories in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. The programme also seeks to improve access to key installations and the knowledge they provide for the wider community, from scientists, to businesses, to civil society. This paper summarises the rationale behind open ocean observatories monitoring the essential ocean variables. It also provides an estimate of the costs to operate a typical fixed-point observatory such as those included in the FixO3 network. Finally an assessment of the type of data and services provided by ocean observations and their value to society is also given. 相似文献