8807号台风局地特大暴雨过程中尺度分析     

徐文金 《南京气象学院学报》1995,18(2):242-247

分析了８８０７号台风所引发的局地特大暴雨成因：（１）台风提供了足够的水汽；（２）台风螺旋状云雨区和太阳辐射不均匀，形成了低层中尺度锋区，为暴雨发生提供极不稳定能量和触发条件；（３）局地地形和摩擦因子使湖北省宜昌地区成为这次对流云发展较有利的地点；（４）高空的中尺度降压系统和涡度因子加强了对流云团的发展。  相似文献   

Tomographic determination of 3-D crustal structure — Joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data     

Xian-Kang Zhang  Zhuo-Xin Yang  Yu-Chun Yang  Jian Yang  Jian-Li Song  Ping Zhao 《地震学报(英文版)》1995,8(4):519-529

In this paper, the theory and method, obtaining the tomographic determination of three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust by use of the joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data, are given. The velocity distribution of the crust is regarded as a continuous function of the spatial coordinates without parametrization of the velocity model ahead, so that the inversion solution would not be influenced by different parametrization procedures. The expressions of integration kernels, which relates the two kinds of data sets, are also given. The authors have processed the observed data in Tangshan earthquake region by the method proposed in this paper, and obtained the tomographic results of the middle and upper crust structures in this region. The comparison of these results with the result obtained only by the explosion data, has also been made.  相似文献   

Transport and sedimentation of particles in a fluid flow     

J. Gani  P. Todorovic 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1987,1(3):209-216

A simple two-dimensional random walk model is developed for the motion of a particle in a fluid flow. Some earlier results for the persistent injection of particles into the flow are extended, and the distribution of the maximum number of particles in suspension over the period (0,t) is derived.  相似文献   

A three‐component end‐member analysis of streamwater hydrochemistry in a small Japanese forested headwater catchment     

Masanori Katsuyama  Nobuhito Ohte  Sumiji Kobashi 《水文研究》2001,15(2):249-260

Intensive water sampling in conjunction with hydrological observations was conducted during three different rainstorms in order to understand the effects of rainfall events on the temporal variation of streamwater chemistry in a small headwater forest catchment. Concentrations of Na⁺ and SO₄^2? decreased as the discharge rate increased. Hydrograph separation of the components was made using the three‐component model based on the end‐members mixing analysis (EMMA). The three end‐members were:

• 1 the groundwater in the saturated zone that prescribes the chemistry of the baseflow;
• 2 the throughfall that dilutes the streamwater;
• 3 the groundwater in the transient saturated zone prescribed, which was dependent on the groundwater level.

When the groundwater level was lower, only the two components, groundwater in the saturated zone and throughfall, affected the streamwater chemistry. When the groundwater level rose and the saturated zone spread, the groundwater in the transient saturated zone became the third component. When the groundwater in the transient saturated zone contributed to the discharge, this component became the dominant source and the streamwater chemistry was affected by the groundwater chemistry in the transient saturated zone. When this component was discharged as the saturation overland flow, the streamwater chemistry was greatly affected by this component. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

华南汛期暴雨过程的潜热计算分析     

《广西气象》2005,26(2):4-8

  相似文献   

利用卫星云图作广西强降水短时预报   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

林宗桂  陈冰廉 《广西气象》2005,26(4):1-4

构造天气学意义明确的卫星云图状态函数模型，在对云层进行分类的基础上，定量提取卫星云图参数，通过与云图模板的相似运算寻找短时预报指标。试报结果表明，这种方法对提高强降雨落区的短时预报准确率是可行的。  相似文献   

高烈度区连续梁桥的减震设计方法研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

方海  李升玉  王曙光  刘伟庆 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(6):178-182

本文以高烈度区的某三跨连续梁桥为例，分别采用基础隔震和消能减震两种措施进行结构的减震分析；针对隔震结构减震效果好但主梁位移过大的特点，提出了在采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座的同时设置粘滞阻尼器的减震方案，其非线性时程分析结果表明，该方案能有效地降低结构的地震反应，可供工程实践参考。  相似文献   

低纬高原冰雹与暴雨对比分析     

张秀年  曹杰  段旭 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(6):7-12

通过对低纬高原地区多个冰雹和暴雨个例的多方面的对比分析,发现冰雹和暴雨的发生在大气环境背景、大气层结、大气不稳定性及云图特征上既有一些相似之处,也存在一些明显的区别.研究发现,发生冰雹时,中纬度低槽较偏南,受北方天气系统影响明显;发生暴雨时,受热带系统影响明显,中纬度低槽稍偏北.在冰雹发生前,大气中层较干、低层较湿,但层结仍为较稳定的状态;在暴雨发生前,大气中、低层均较湿,层结为弱稳定状态.冰雹的发生要求下层大气气温相对较低,以使雹粒在溶化之前可到达地面,而暴雨的发生要求大气富含水汽.冰雹以冬春多见,夏季较少;暴雨以夏季较多,而冬春较少.与此对应,产生暴雨的强对流其对流强度要强于产生冰雹的,但对于同一季节发生的冰雹和暴雨,两者的对流强度是相近的.  相似文献   

Continuous,Direct Gas-Geochemical Monitoring in Hydrothermal Vents: Installation and Long-Term Operation on Nisyros Island (Greece)     

Manfred Teschner  Eckhard Faber  Jürgen Poggenburg  Georgios E. Vougioukalakis  Georgios Hatziyannis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2549-2571

In this paper the installation and long-term operation of a system for continuous monitoring of fumarolic gases is described. Several physicochemical and gas-geochemical parameters such as the concentration of CO₂, H₂S and CO in the fumarolic emissions, as well as the temperatures of the hydrothermal steam and soil in close vicinity of the fumarole and steam pressure are measured in short-time intervals (typically 15 seconds). Data are logged on-site and in parallel transferred to a remote station by digital telemetry. Specially developed software enables the real-time observation of the local conditions in the crater and full bidirectional control of the monitoring system. Fluctuations in the monitored parameters are also reported. From the data presented it can be concluded that environmental conditions (direction and strength of wind, precipitation) will interact with some of the parameters monitored. These influences can only be revealed by continuously operated monitoring systems.  相似文献   

几种Q矢量的比较   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

岳彩军  寿绍文 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(4):525-532

利用 1 991 - 0 7- 0 5T2 0— 0 6T2 0一次江淮梅雨锋暴雨过程实况资料 ,结合地面降水分布 ,从定性 (矢量场 ,即 Q)、定量 (散度场 ,即 2 · Q)的角度细致、具体地比较分析了准地转 Q矢量、半地转 Q矢量、非地转 Q矢量及湿 Q矢量的诊断特性。结果表明 :半地转 Q矢量诊断能力优越于准地转 Q矢量。非地转 Q矢量、湿 Q矢量诊断能力明显优越于准地转 Q矢量、半地转 Q矢量。准地转 Q矢量诊断能力最差 ;从定性的角度分析 ,非地转 Q矢量与湿 Q矢量诊断能力相差不大。但进一步定量分析发现 ,在整个梅雨锋暴雨过程中 ,湿 Q矢量的诊断能力大于其他 Q矢量 ;70 0 h Pa高度上各 Q矢量的矢量、散度辐合区较其在 850 h Pa和 50 0 h Pa上对降水反映更好 ,尤其是70 0 h Pa湿 Q矢量散度辐合区与降水区有非常好的对应关系。  相似文献