2011—2019年中国长江三角洲区域闪电时空分布特征     

王凯  周丽雅  鞠晓雨  程向阳 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(4):100-106

利用2011-2019年江苏、浙江和安徽27个探测站ADTD闪电监测定位系统获取的资料,对中国长江三角洲三省一市（上海、江苏、浙江、安徽）一体化协同发展区域云地闪的发生频次、强度进行统计,运用EOF方法分析闪电频次的空间分布特征。结果表明：中国长江三角洲区域负闪数均占总闪数的95%以上,正闪平均强度均大于负闪平均强度绝对值。正、负闪平均强度最大值均出现在江苏,正、负闪平均强度绝对值最小值均出现在浙江。总闪电频数、强度的日变化和月变化特征曲线均呈单峰单谷特征。日变化特征中,总闪强度日最小值在15时,而在随后的16-17时总闪频数出现峰值。全年中,8月的总闪频数最大,总闪强度最小。在每年4月、7月、11月中正闪表现更为活跃。总闪频次空间分布与地形分布相吻合,高海拔地区均出现了高频次闪电分布,总闪强度空间分布则与之相反。根据总闪频次主成分分析,前4个特征向量累计方差贡献达到51.07%,空间上表现出既有全区一致性,又存在明显的差异,空间分布型可划分为全区一致型、南北反相型、交错反相型和东西反相型。  相似文献   

2007—2019年湖北省地闪分布特征及雷电强度等级划分     

余田野  王学良  张科杰  赵涛  王小飞 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):79-85

根据2007—2019年地闪监测资料,采用数理统计方法,分析湖北省闪电活动时空分布特征,融合地闪密度和雷电流强度,提出雷电强度的概念,并完成湖北省雷电强度等级划分。结果表明：湖北省以负极性闪电为主,占94.7%,平均正地闪强度为50.2 kA、负闪36.0 kA、总闪37.0 kA。闪电活动主要集中在全年的3—9月、全天的14—20时,闪电活动较弱的月份、时段发生正地闪的比例较高。正地闪强度月变化大致呈“V”型,总闪电和负地闪强度逐月波动变化。雷电流强度日变化主要呈单峰单谷型,正地闪强度09时最大,15时最小,总闪电和负地闪13—14时雷电流强度最小,05时最大。地闪密度和雷电流强度存在地域性差异,整体呈东高西低分布特征。湖北省雷电强度可划分为高、中、低3个等级,高值区主要位于湖北东部的大别山、幕阜山与江汉平原交汇地带以及湖北西部山区向江汉平原的过渡地带;湖北西南、湖北西北以及湖北个别边缘区域雷电强度等级较低;中值区主要分布在湖北中部平原一带。  相似文献   

直流激电法在栾川西部铅锌矿勘查中的应用     

施俊生  殷建武 《CT理论与应用研究》2006,15(4)

本文收集了笔者近年来在栾川西部地区所作的激电资料,通过综合整理和研究,分析了铅锌矿的直流激电异常特征。探讨了应用直流激电法探寻铅锌矿应注意的若干问题,解决了该区铅锌矿与其它矿种的区分,取得了较好的找矿成果。  相似文献   

Nearshore directional wave measurements by surface-following buoy and acoustic Doppler current profiler   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul A. Work   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(8-9):727-737

Directional energy spectra of nearshore surface waves were measured for a 3-year period (2004–2007) at a site with mean depth 14 m and mean tidal range 2.1 m. Triaxys surface-following wave buoys reported hourly directional wave energy spectra and wave parameters near the offshore end of the Savannah River Entrance Channel, Georgia, USA. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was located beside the wave buoy for 3 months. Directional and non-directional surface wave energy spectra and the corresponding bulk wave parameters (height, period, and direction) are compared for the two systems. Most parameters derived from the spectra agree closely; the most significant differences were found at the upper and lower frequency measurement limits, where signal-to-noise ratios were lower. The wave buoy consistently reports a small amount of energy below 0.05 Hz that does not appear in the ADCP-derived spectra and does not appear to be related to the mooring system. This leads to larger mean and peak periods reported by the buoy. All directional spectra were computed using the Maximum Entropy Method for both instruments, but the buoy, with spectra derived from six independent time series, provides lower directional resolving power than the ADCP, which utilizes twelve time series. Both systems gave similar results defining mean and peak wave directions, with the primary difference being that the ADCP indicates energy to be more tightly concentrated around the peak direction.  相似文献   

Deformation of monochromatic water wave trains propagating over a submerged obstacle in the presence of uniform currents     

M. Hasanat Zaman  Hiroyoshi Togashi  R. Emile Baddour 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(8-9):823-833

A nonlinear numerical model based on depth averaged equations and a relevant physical model have been investigated for the deformation of the water wave propagating over a submerged parabolic obstacle in the presence of uniform current. Physical and numerical modeling for wave with both following and opposing currents are done to explore the wave evolutions during passage over the submerged obstacle. A third-order Stokes dispersion relation is utilized in some cases in the computation. Separated flow zone is taken into consideration by two empirical equations obtained from the physical model testing done by the authors. Verification and validation of the numerical model by other published theoretical and experimental data are presented.  相似文献   

Changes in trophic flow structure of Independence Bay (Peru) over an ENSO cycle     

Marc H. Taylor  Matthias Wolff  Jaime Mendo  Carmen Yamashiro 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):336

During the strong warm El Niño (EN) that occurred in 1997/98, Independence Bay (14°S, Peru) showed a ca. 10 °C increase in surface temperatures, higher oxygen concentrations, and clearer water due to decreased phytoplankton concentrations. Under these quasi-tropical conditions, many benthic species suffered (e.g. macroalgae, portunid crabs, and polychaetes) while others benefited (e.g. scallop, sea stars, and sea urchins). The most obvious change was the strong recruitment success and subsequent proliferation of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus, whose biomass increased fiftyfold. To understand these changes, steady-state models of the bay ecosystem trophic structure were constructed and compared for a normal upwelling year (1996) and during an EN (1998), and longer-term dynamics (1996–2003) were explored based on time series of catch and biomass using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software. Model inputs were based on surveys and landings data collected by the Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE). Results indicate that while ecosystem size (total throughput) is reduced by 18% during EN, mainly as a result of decreased total primary production, benthic biomass remains largely unchanged despite considerable shifts in the dominant benthic taxa (e.g. scallops replace polychaetes as secondary consumers). Under normal upwelling conditions, predation by snails and crabs utilize the production of their prey almost completely, resulting in more efficient energy flow to higher trophic levels than occurs during EN. However during EN, the proliferation of the scallop A. purpuratus combined with decreased phytoplankton increased the proportion of directly utilized primary production, while exports and flows to detritus are reduced. The simulations suggest that the main cause for the scallop outburst and for the reduction in crab and macroalgae biomass was a direct temperature effect, whereas other changes are partially explained by trophic interactions. The simulations suggest that bottom-up effects largely control the system.  相似文献   

Laminated sediments from the central Peruvian continental slope: A 500 year record of upwelling system productivity, terrestrial runoff and redox conditions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. Sifeddine  D. Gutirrez  L. Ortlieb  H. Boucher  F. Velazco  D. Field  G. Vargas  M. Boussafir  R. Salvatteci  V. Ferreira  M. García  J. Valds  S. Caquineau  M. Mandeng Yogo  F. Cetin  J. Solis  P. Soler  T. Baumgartner 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):190

Sedimentological studies including X-ray digital analyses, mineralogy, inorganic contents, and organic geochemistry on cores of laminated sediments accumulated in the oxygen minimum zone of the central Peruvian margin reveal variable oceanographic and climate conditions during the last 500 yr. Coherent upcore variations in sedimentological and geochemical markers in box cores taken off Pisco (B0405-6) and Callao (B0405-13) indicate that variability in the climate proxies examined has regional significance. Most noteworthy is a large shift in proxies at 1820 AD, as determined by ²¹⁰Pb and ¹⁴C radiometric dating. This shift is characterized by an increase in total organic carbon (TOC) in parallel with an abrupt increase in the enrichment factor for molybdenum Mo indicating a regional intensification of redox conditions, at least at the sediment water interface. In addition there was lower terrestrial input of quartz, feldspar and clays to the margin. Based on these results, we interpret that during several centuries prior to 1820, which corresponds to the little ice age (LIA), the northern Humboldt current region was less productive and experienced higher terrestrial input related to more humid conditions on the continent. These conditions were probably caused by a southward displacement of the inter-tropical convergence zone and the subtropical high pressure cell during the LIA. Since 1870, increases in TOC and terrigenous mineral fluxes suggest an increase of wind-driven upwelling and higher productivity. These conditions continued to intensify during the late 20th century, as shown by instrumental records of wind forcing.  相似文献   

Interdecadal variability of anchoveta abundance and overcapacity of the fishery in Peru   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pierre Fron  Marilú Bouchon  Christian Mullon  Christian García  Miguel iquen 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):401

Paleontological and historical stock abundance estimates indicate that pelagic fish populations inhabiting upwelling ecosystems undergo large interdecadal variations in abundance with amplitudes equal to, if not larger than, the interannual variability. The interdecadal variability is characterized by periods of high and low abundance, termed “pseudo-cycles”, because of their irregular periodicity. Fisheries targeting small pelagic fish suffer from overall overcapitalization, like many other fisheries, but also from an additional overcapitalization problem: a phase displacement between rapid fish population decreases and a slower disinvestment which follows. This lag produces economic hardship.Here we document the fish:fishery relationship for the Peruvian anchoveta. Anchoveta pseudo-cycles of 20 to >100 years are observed, with the present stock abundance most likely located near upper part of the cycle. Fleet overcapacity expressed as the proportion of unused present capacity is estimated at 72% and processing overcapacity at 89%. A simple bio-economic model demonstrates the risks associated with the pseudo-periodicity in fish stock abundance in conjunction with fishery investment, open access, and overcapacity: a timing bomb for the fishing sector. The lag between disinvestment and decrease in fish abundance is quantified. A reduction of the fishing and processing capacity and measures to decrease the investment lag are recommended to limit the social, economical and political tensions that will result from the expected decrease in stock abundance. Finally, some management options to reduce these risks are discussed.  相似文献   

东大港水道流速垂线分布探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴德安  崔效松  童朝锋  张忍顺 《海洋科学》2008,32(3):49-54

对辐射沙洲海域东大港水道4号站位连续2个潮次的流速测量资料进行了分析、研究,拟合给出了流速垂线分布关系,并根据实际测量资料率定了该站位各时刻6个水层的浑水水流的尾流函数项表达式,这些表达式表明浑水水流的尾流函数项是相对深度和摩阻速度的函数。  相似文献   

Surface current and vertical thermal structure on the continental slope in Tosa Bay     

Hiroshi Kuroda  Manabu Shimizu  Yuuichi Hirota  Daisuke Ambe  Hideki Akiyama 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(1):81-91

In order to specify a vertical thermal structure related to surface current variation on the continental slope in Tosa Bay, Japan, we analyzed monthly regular hydrographic measurements in the years 1991–2004. Subsurface temperature below 200 m on the slope was found to vary synchronously with the vertical displacement of the main thermocline around 200 m. It is shown that the vertical-averaged temperature below 200 m is significantly correlated with an along-isobath/southwestward surface current velocity on the slope. This correlation indicates that when a strong (weak) southwestward surface current is observed, temperature below 200 m decreases (increases) simultaneously, that is, isotherms below the 200 m are displaced upward (downward) together with the main thermocline. Moreover, when the strong southwestward flow is detected, across-isobath isotherms around 200 m slope upward toward the offshore direction. Furthermore, it is suggested that as the Kuroshio axis moves offshore south of the bay, the southwestward flow tends to be weakened by the combined effect of other Kuroshio parameters such as transport and stream width as well as the Kuroshio axis position. As a result, it is inferred that the correlation between the surface current and subsurface temperature can be interpreted in terms of the formation and decay of an anticlockwise circulation interacting with a cold eddy.  相似文献