凝结潜热对锋生的影响   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

王兴宝  吕克利 《气象学报》1994,52(1):40-48

本文在二维半地转峰生模式中，考虑了水汽凝结加热和边界层抽吸作用对锋生及越锋环流的影响。水汽凝结加热考虑了大尺度凝结加热和对流凝结加热两种方式。计算结果表明：水汽凝结加热和边界层抽吸对峰区环流具有显著的作用，凝结加热使锋生加快，使锋区上升运动倍增，并使其水平尺度明显减少。边界层抽吸作用也使垂直环流加强。现在  相似文献   

夏季青藏高原500hPa高压活动期间大气加热状况与大气环流特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段廷扬 《气象学报》1994,52(2):194-200

由于青藏高原５００ｈＰａ层出现高压系统的活动，使高原大气产生＂上高下高＂的气压场结构，从而东亚大气环流也发生某些相应的变化。本文统计分析了高原５００ｈＰａ高压的散度与垂直速度分布、高原大气热源的演变和１００ｈＰａ层涡度、纬向风以及经圈环流的变化等。结果认为，由于夏季高原５００ｈＰａ高压的活动，使高原上空垂直上升运动和对流加热受到抑制，１００ｈＰａ南亚高压强度减弱、位置北抬、有向西部型过渡的特征．高原北侧西风急流减弱，东风急流南支与北支合并后位于原北文东风急流位置以南，侵入高原南麓的西南季风减弱。与此同时，孟加拉湾上空上升运动有所增强，其对流加热对维持东风急流乃至南亚季风将起重要作用。  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MID-TROPOSPHERIC CYCLONE OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA          下载免费PDF全文

Yan Jinghu  Li Chongyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(2):150-160

In this paper,the processes of the occurrence and development of a mid-tropospheric cyclone (MTC hereinafter)over the South China Sea are successfully simulated,adopting the convective heating profile calculated from the ana-lysed data.And a series of numerical experiments show that the convective heating rate, especially its vertical profile,plays a key role in the occurrence,development and maintenance of the MTC.When there is highly concentratedconvective heating in middle layer(400—450hPa),the MTC could occur and maintain for longer time.And the key tosuccessfully predict the MTC by numerical model is to correctly specify the convective heating profile in the model.  相似文献   

断层物质测年的热释光研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

计凤桔  马胜利 《地震地质》1994,16(2):167-175

断层物质ＴＬ测年的关键，是断裂运动产生的温压效应能否使断裂带内某些矿物原贮存的ＴＬ能量完全释放而“归零”。为此，进行了不同条件的高温、高压和位移速率变化等的模拟断裂运动的实验。结果表明，断裂运动产生的摩擦增温是使断层面上矿物ＴＬ强度减弱的主要因素。讨论了摩擦增温值与断裂运动时剪应力大小、断层泥厚度和断层位移间的关系，并得到了野外断层面上实际测试的证实。据此研究成果，还对小湾坝区Ｆ＿７断裂的活动时代进行了测定  相似文献   

The Shaw method of palaeointensity determinations and its application to recent volcanic rocks     

Hideo Tsunakawa  John Shaw 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,118(3):781-787

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How Cr<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and Fe<Superscript>3+</Superscript> affect Mg–Al order–disorder transformation at high temperature in natural spinels     

F.?MartignagoEmail author  A. Dal?Negro  S.?Carbonin 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(7):401-408

Three natural Mg(Al_2-yCr_y)O₄ spinels (y 0.07–0.16), highly ordered in terms of Mg–Al, and one Mg(Al_2–yFe³⁺_y)O₄ spinel (y0.08), highly ordered also in terms of Fe³⁺, were studied by means of X-ray single-crystal diffraction. All samples were heated in situ from 25 to 1000 °C in order to follow both thermal expansion and evolution of the structural state of spinel with temperature. Thermal expansion was monitored by means of the variation of cell edge a with temperature, and found to be well represented throughout the temperature range by a regression line a = a₀ (1+T), slightly different at lower and higher temperatures. Thermal expansion coefficient ₁, referring to the lower temperature range (i.e. during pure thermal expansion), was slightly lower than ₂, calculated only over the highest temperatures. The trend showed different slopes for individual crystals. Structural evolution with temperature was studied by means of the variation of oxygen positional parameter u, which is strongly influenced by intersite cation exchange and thus closely correlated with inversion parameter x. In particular, in the three Cr samples, in which Cr resides only in the octahedral site, u parameter variations and hence the order–disorder process, started at about 700 °C. Instead, in the Fe³⁺ sample, this process was triggered at lower temperatures, starting at 550 °C with Fe³⁺–Mg exchange followed at higher temperatures by that of Mg–Al. Cr contents in the Cr samples affected the occupancy of Al in the tetrahedral site at the highest temperatures. In both Mg–Al–Cr and Mg–Al–Fe³⁺ compositions, if CrFe³⁺, parameter u reached the same value only when the Mg–Al exchange was dominant, i.e. at the highest temperatures, but not before. Cation distribution at each temperature was obtained by the bond-length model, applying thermal expansion to pure bond lengths. This method is applied here to complex compositions for the first time.  相似文献   

地面加热对飞机颠簸影响的动力学初步分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邹波 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(4):527-531

用积分变换法求解考虑了地面加热作用的中尺度二维不可压缩流体的Boussinesq方程，得到一组描述地面加热作用激发的垂直风场、水平扰动风场、扰动气温场的解析解，进而用动力学分析的观点定性讨论了飞机颠簸与地面加热场、风场、温度场空间分布及时间变化的关系，对动力和热力性气象因子对于飞机颠簸的影响进行了初步分析。  相似文献   

武汉地区“98.7”暴雨过程大气稳定性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

安洁  张立凤 《应用气象学报》2005,16(3):313-321

文章从环境场的稳定性角度进行研究，取boussinesq近似的二维数学模型，从数值模式每小时输出的预报场中提取暴雨过程中的环境场，通过计算函数极小值的方法，求取层结参数及加热率，讨论实际暴雨过程中不稳定的作用。其结果表明，凝结加热对暴雨不稳定的发生发展作用明显。暴雨初期和强盛期的环境场都可以出现动力不稳定，且不稳定扰动传播方向与基本气流有一个斜交角，属于二维平面波的不稳定。“98.7”暴雨的发生发展是热力和动力共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Modelling the heat pulses generated on a fault plane during coseismic slip: Inferences from the pseudotachylites of the Copanello cliffs (Calabria, Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Caggianelli  S. de Lorenzo  G. Prosser 《Tectonophysics》2005,405(1-4):99-119

A pseudotachylite vein network crosscutting late Hercynian foliated tonalites can be observed along the Copanello cliffs (Calabria, Southern Italy). Pseudotachylites formed during the Oligocene–Miocene at intermediate crustal levels (ca. 10 km). They show variable thickness ranging from few mm up to 10 cm, as observed in injection veins branching from the fault plane. Microscopic observations indicate that pseudotachylite matrix mainly consists of plagioclase (An₄₆–An₅₈) and biotite microlites. Rounded clasts of quartz, plagioclase or of plagioclase–quartz lithic fragments are disseminated in the matrix. Intergranular, flow and spherulitic textures are commonly observed. Microstructural features are consistent with rapid crystallisation from melt. EDS analyses of rare and tiny glass veins indicated a trachyandesite or An₅₀ plagioclase melt composition.The conditions for pseudotachylite formation were reproduced by an analytical model taking into account the heat released by friction along a horizontal fault plane during a seismic event. The model is based on a three-stage rupture history that includes nucleation, propagation and stopping. In addition, by means of a numerical approach, the model reproduces cooling that follows the stopping stage.According to previous studies, the thermal perturbation induced by fault displacement is very intense. In fact, temperatures exceeding the tonalite and even An₅₀ plagioclase liquidus (1470 °C) are reproduced by small amount of slip (≤ 6 cm) in suprahydrostatic regime. On the other hand, the thermal perturbation is strongly localised and of short duration. Peak temperatures abruptly decrease at a short distance from the fault plane (typically in few millimetres). In these conditions a thin film of melt can be produced. Therefore, the presence of cm-scale pseudotachylite veins can be only explained assuming an efficient and fast melt migration towards dilatant sites, such as pull-apart structures and injections veins. Results of the model may be useful to predict the thermal disturbance produced by earthquakes of low intensity.  相似文献   

亚洲季风区感热凝结潜热对副高带季节演变的影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

舒锋敏  简茂球 《热带气象学报》2006,22(2):121-130

利用1958-1998年NCEP／NCAR的逐日再分析资料，探讨了亚洲夏季风建立期间感热、凝结潜热和副高带季节演变的气候特征，并重点分析它们相互耦合的特征。结果表明：亚洲季风区的地表感热、凝结潜热影响印缅槽生成和阿拉伯副高西移的机制是相似的，5月初，印度半岛较强的感热通量和中南半岛较强的凝结潜热共同影响副高带的断裂及印缅槽的生成，5月底-6月上旬阿拉伯半岛较大的感热通量和印度半岛西侧较强的凝结潜热有利于阿拉伯副高的西移。  相似文献