Improvement and Evaluation of the Latest Version of WRF-Lake at a Deep Riverine Reservoir     

Shibo GUO  Dejun ZHU  Yongcan CHEN 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):682-696

The WRF-lake vertically one-dimensional(1D) water temperature model, as a submodule of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) system, is being widely used to investigate water–atmosphere interactions. But previous applications revealed that it cannot accurately simulate the water temperature in a deep riverine reservoir during a large flow rate period, and whether it can produce sufficiently accurate heat flux through the water surface of deep riverine reservoirs remains uncertain. In this st...  相似文献   

Transport properties of low-sanidine single-crystals, glasses and melts at high temperature     

Maik Pertermann  Alan G. Whittington  Anne M. Hofmeister  Frank J. Spera  John Zayak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(6):689-702

Thermal diffusivity (D) was measured using laser-flash analysis from oriented single-crystal low-sanidine (K_0.92Na_0.08Al_0.99Fe³⁺ _0.005Si_2.95O₈), and three glasses near KAlSi₃O₈. Viscosity measurements of the three supercooled liquids, in the range 10^6.8 to 10^12.3 Pa s, confirm near-Arrhenian behavior, varying subtly with composition. For crystal and glass, D decreases with T, approaching a constant near 1,000 K: D _sat ∼ 0.65 ± 0.3 mm² s⁻¹ for bulk crystal and ∼0.53 ± 0.03 mm² s⁻¹ for the glass. A rapid decrease near 1,400 K is consistent with crossing the glass transition. Melt behavior is approximated by D = 0.475 ± 0.01 mm² s⁻¹. Thermal conductivity (k _lat) of glass, calculated using previous heat capacity (C _P) and new density data, increases with T because C _P strongly increases with T. For melt, k _lat reaches a plateau near 1.45 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and is always below k _lat of the crystal. Melting of potassium feldspars impedes heat transport, providing positive thermal feedback that may promote further melting in continental crust.  相似文献   

Benthic Front and the Yamato Basin Bottom Water in the Japan Sea     

Tomoharu?SenjyuEmail author  Yutaka?Isoda  Takafumi?Aramaki  Shigeyoshi?Otosaka  Shinzo?Fujio  Daigo?Yanagimoto  Takashi?Suzuki  Kenshi?Kuma  Kosuke?Mori 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(6):1047-1058

Hydrographic observations have revealed detailed structure of the Bottom Water in the Japan Sea. The Yamato Basin Bottom Water (YBBW) exhibits higher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen concentrations than those found in the Japan Basin Bottom Water (JBBW). Both Bottom Waters meet around the boundary region between the Yamato and the Japan Basins, forming a clear benthic front. The structure of the benthic front suggests an estuary-like water exchange between both Basins, with the inflow from the Japan Basin passing under the outflow from the Yamato Basin. It is inferred from the property distributions that the JBBW flowing into the Yamato Basin is entrained by the cyclonic circulation in the basin, and modified to become the YBBW. Vertical diffusion and thermal balance in the YBBW are examined using a box model. The results show that the effect of geothermal heating has about 70% of the magnitude of the vertical thermal diffusion and both terms cancel the advection term of the cold JBBW from the Japan Basin. The box model also estimates the turnover time and vertical diffusivity for the YBBW as 9.1 years and 3.4 × 10⁻³ m²s^{− 1}, respectively.  相似文献   

Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary     

M. Schrder  G. Siedler 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1989,28(6)

Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements.Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.  相似文献   

土壤热参数及其影响因素测试分析     

金宗川  王雪晴  乌效鸣  彭赟 《岩土力学》2022,43(5):1335-1340

热性质是岩土体基本的物理性质之一,用以评价热量在其中的保持、传导和分布状况,以导热系数、比热容和热扩散系数最为常见,这些参数也是地热能管理与开发、工程冷冻开挖、寒区工程设计与施工的重要参数。已有研究表明,土壤热参数与土质、来源、含水率、密度等因素有关。通过广东湛江某工地粉质黏土和黏土的热参数测试结果分析发现：随含水率的增大,粉质黏土导热系数和热扩散系数的变化趋势是先增加至最大值,然后减小,而比热容基本呈线性增大。干密度对粉质黏土导热系数的影响与含水率大小有关,当含水率不超过20.0%时,其随干密度的增加而增大,而当含水率超过27.5%后,其随干密度的增加有减小趋势;当含水率在24.5%（液限）左右时,基本没有规律可循。干密度对粉质黏土热扩散系数影响规律不明显。黏土的导热系数和比热容都随含水率和干密度的增加而增大;热扩散系数随含水率的升高整体表现为非线性增加至稳定,在低含水率下干密度的影响不明显,在较高含水率下随干密度的增加热扩散系数先增大后减小。较大颗粒的存在导致粉质黏土的导热性较黏土复杂。  相似文献   

Lagrangian modelling of multi-dimensional advection-diffusion with space-varying diffusivities: theory and idealized test cases     

Darya Spivakovskaya  Arnold W. Heemink  Eric Deleersnijder 《Ocean Dynamics》2007,57(3):189-203

To efficiently simulate the advection-diffusion processes along and across density surfaces, we need to deal with a diffusivity tensor containing off-diagonal elements (Redi, J Phys Oceanogr, 12:1154–1158, 1982). In the present paper, the Lagrangian model, in case of a space-varying diffusivity tensor, is developed. This random walk model is applied for two idealized test cases for which the analytical solutions are known. Results of the testing show that the Lagrangian approach provides accurate and effective solutions of advection-diffusion problems for general diffusivity tensor.  相似文献   

Soil thermal properties at Kalpakkam in coastal South India     

K. Anandakumar  R. Venkatesan  Thara V. Prabha 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(3):239-245

Time series of soil surface and subsurface temperatures, soil heat flux, net radiation, air temperature and wind speed were measured at two locations in Kalpakkam, coastal southeast India. The data were analysed to estimate soil thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and soil heat flux. This paper describes the results and discusses their implications.  相似文献   

荒漠地区生物土壤结皮的水文物理特征分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

王新平  肖洪浪  张景光  李新荣  康尔泗 《水科学进展》2006,17(5):592-598

通过室内压力陶土板系统测定土壤含水率与基质势的关系与Star-1土壤水分物理特征测定系统确定非饱和土壤水力传导度的方法,结合应用van Genuchten公式模拟,分析了位于腾格里沙漠东南缘包兰铁路沙坡头段人工生态防护体系生物土壤结皮的水文物理特征,确定了其水分特征曲线、非饱和土壤水力传导度、非饱和弥散系数,并与原始沙丘沙进行比较。结果表明,生物土壤结皮的持水能力是沙丘沙的3~9倍。当土壤基质势在-1~-3 000 cm的较高范围变化时,生物土壤结皮平均非饱和水力传导度低于沙丘沙(约为12%);而当土壤基质势在-3 000~-15 000 cm的较低范围变化时,沙丘沙的平均非饱和水力传导度又大大低于生物土壤结皮(约为91.0%)。正是由于生物土壤结皮特殊的质地与结构,使其非饱和水力传导度随着土壤基质势的降低,以及土壤含水量的减少,而趋于增大。与原始沙丘沙比较,生物土壤结皮独特的水文物理特点决定了它对荒漠地区土壤微生境的改善与促进作用,特别是通常情况下的高持水能力与低土壤基质势条件下的较高非饱和水力传导度,能够提高浅层土壤水分的有效性,有利于人工生态防护体系主要组分浅根系灌木、草本植物与小型土壤动物的生存繁衍。  相似文献   

Meteorological triggering of earthquake swarms at Mt. Hochstaufen, SE-Germany   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

T. Kraft  J. Wassermann  E. Schmedes  H. Igel   《Tectonophysics》2006,424(3-4):245

A growing body of evidence suggests that fluids are intimately linked to a variety of faulting processes. Yet, the particular mechanisms through which fluids and associated parameters influence the stress regime and thus the seismicity of a particular area are not well understood.We carry out a study of the spatio-temporal behavior of earthquakes, fluid-related parameters (groundwater levels) and meteorological observables (precipitation) in the swarm earthquake area of Bad Reichenhall, southeastern Germany. The small volume in which the earthquakes take place, almost yearly occurring earthquake swarms and a permanent, seismo-meteorological monitoring network, provide nearly controlled experimental conditions to study the physics of earthquake swarms and to infer characteristic properties of the seismogenic crust.In this paper we (1) describe this fairly unique study area in terms of geology, seismicity and atmospheric conditions; (2) present two cases of earthquake swarms that seem to follow above-average rainfall events; and (3) examine the observed migration of hypocenters with a simple pore pressure diffusion model.We find significant correlation of seismicity with rainfall and groundwater level increase, and estimate an average hydraulic diffusivity of D = 0.75 ± 0.35 m²/s for Mt. Hochstaufen in 2002.  相似文献   

Case 21 water level and strain changes preceding and following the August 4, 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake     

Evelyn Roeloffs  Eddie Quilty  C. H. Scholtz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1997,149(1):21-60

Two of the four wells monitored near Parkfield, California, during 1985 showed water level rises beginning three days before theM _w 6.1 Kettleman Hills earthquake. In one of these wells, the 3.0 cm rise was nearly unique in five years of water level data. However, in the other well, which showed a 3.8 cm rise, many other changes of comparable size have been observed. Both wells that did not display pre-earthquake rises tap partially confined aquifers that cannot sustain pressure changes due to tectonic strain having periods longer than several days. We evaluate the effect of partial aquifer confinement on the ability of these four wells to display water level changes in response to aquifer strain. Although the vertical hydraulic diffusivities cannot be determined uniquely, we can find a value of diffusivity for each site that is consistent with the site's tidal and barometric responses as well as with the rate of partial recovery of the coseismic water level drops. Furthermore, the diffusivity for one well is high enough to explain why the preseismic rise could not have been detected there. For the fourth well, the diffusivity is high enough to have reduced the size of the preseismic signal as much as 50%, although it should still have been detectable. Imperfect confinement cannot explain the persistent water level changes in the two partially confined aquifers, but it does show that they were not due to volume strain. The pre-earthquake water level rises may have been precursors to the Kettleman Hills earthquake. If so, they probably were not caused by accelerating slip over the part of the fault plane that ruptured in that earthquake because they are of opposite sign to the observed coseismic water level drops.  相似文献