企业地震预警系统应用研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

廖旭  黄河 《地震工程与工程振动》2002,22(6):142-149

在充分调研国外地震预警系统现状的基础上，进行了地震预警系统的研究，研制了相应的数据分析软件。采用数字化观测技术、GIS技术等高新技术，在中国石油天然气股份有限公司大连分公司建立了地震预警试验系统，并将该地震预警系统与地震应急系统相连，为今后开展类似工作积累了经验。  相似文献   

不同损失条件下的泥石流预报模型   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

韦方强  胡凯衡  崔鹏  杨坤 《山地学报》2002,20(1):97-102

泥石流预报是泥石流减灾的重要手段之一，然而泥石流形成的复杂性使泥石流预报准确度低，误报和漏报率较高。泥石流误报和漏报都会造成损失，但二者造成的损失有很大的差别。为了减少泥石流误报或漏报造成的损失，应当考虑两种错报造成损失的不同。根据使总平均损失达到最小的原则，建立了不同损失条件下的泥石流预报模型，并将该模型应用到云南东川蒋家沟。  相似文献   

A study on the early-warning technique concerning debris flow disasters     

ZHOU Jinxing  Wang Lixian  XIE Baoyuan  FEI Shimin  Wang Xilin 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(3)

According to the principle of the eruption of debris flows, the new torrent classification techniques are brought forward. The torrent there can be divided into 4 types such as the debris flow torrent with high destructive strength, the debris flow torrent, high sand-carrying capacity flush flood torrent and common flush flood by the techniques. In this paper, the classification indices system and the quantitative rating methods are presented. Based on torrent classification, debris flow torrent hazard zone mapping techniques by which the debris flow disaster early-warning object can be ascertained accurately are identified. The key techniques of building the debris flow disaster neural network (NN)real time forecasting model are given detailed explanations in this paper, including the determination of neural node at the input layer, the output layer and the implicit layer, the construction of knowledge source and the initial weight value and so on. With this technique, the debris flow disaster real-time forecasting neural network model is built according to the rainfall features of the historical debris flow disasters, which includes multiple rain factors such as rainfall of the disaster day, the rainfall of 15 days before the disaster day, the maximal rate of rainfall in one hour and ten minutes. It can forecast the probability, critical rainfall of eruption of the debris flows, through the real-time rainfall monitoring or weather forecasting. Based on the torrent classification and hazard zone mapping, combined with rainfall monitoring in the rainy season and real-time forecasting models, the debris flow disaster early-warning system is built. In this system, the GIS technique, the advanced international software and hardware are applied, which makes the system′s performance steady with good expansibility. The system is a visual information system that serves management and decision-making, which can facilitate timely inspect of the variation of the torrent type and hazardous zone, the torrent management, the early-warning of disasters and the disaster reduction and prevention.  相似文献   

长白山自然保护区旅游灾害及其防治对策   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

佟守正  王琦  李光  吕弼顺 《山地学报》2002,(Z1)

旅游灾害越来越受到人们的重视,文章通过对长白山自然保护区常见灾害类型的分析,建立了灾害管理系 统框架模型,为降低和消除旅游灾害,提出了防范对策。  相似文献   

两湖平原农业洪害特征与减灾技术措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶建平  张安录  李翠霞 《地域研究与开发》2003,22(2):75-78

两湖平原是我国农业水资源最丰富的地区之一，河湖水系四通八达，农业生产条件优越。由于人类不适当的经济活动，大规模围湖垦殖破坏了两湖平原自然生态环境，洪涝频繁发生，农业损失严重。两湖平原必须实施综合性的农业减灾技术措施：长江上中游地区实施退耕还林、全面启动天然林保护工程，保持水土；两湖地区实行退田还湖，提高湖泊分蓄洪能力；应用GPS、GIS技术预警，有效调度洪水；调整湖区农业结构，发展避洪农业。  相似文献   

贵州省低纬山地气候变化趋势   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吉廷艳 《山地学报》2003,21(4):422-427

对贵州气温、降水、灾害指数等要素的气候变化分析表明:20世纪40年代前后贵州处于一个相对温暖时期(这一时期也是北半球大陆气温自1930～1960年代初的明显暖期中),1960～1970年代是一个相对较冷时段,但趋势变化曲线反应出贵州气温呈下降趋势(与全球气候变暖趋势相反),主要表现在春季和夏季变冷明显,秋季和冬季略有变暖;贵州降水趋于减少,主要反应为春季减少较为明显,夏、秋季变化不大,冬季呈增加趋势;各种灾害指数的趋势变化中,春季的倒春寒、夏季的洪涝趋于偏重,秋季的绵雨、冬季的低温和凝冻趋于偏轻,而春旱、夏旱和秋风变化不明显,但春旱存在明显的周期性变化特征;旱涝指数的小波分析指出贵州旱涝有两个比较明显的全域性周期变化,分别是32a和10a周期。  相似文献   

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River     

ZHANG Yuanming  CHEN Yaning  ZHANG Daoyuan 《地理学报》2003,13(2):225-232

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.  相似文献   

桂西岩溶堆积型铝土矿床成矿作用及控矿因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李彩娟 《矿产与地质》2003,17(3):225-228,241

桂西岩溶堆积型铝土矿赋存于岩溶洼地中的红土层中，具有矿床规模大、矿石质量优的特点。成矿物质来源于上二叠统底部的古风化壳型铝土矿层，成矿时代为早更新世，矿床成因与岩溶作用、红土化作用有关。成矿受矿源层、地层岩性、气候、构造、地貌等因素控制。  相似文献   

对中国防洪减灾问题的基本认识和建立具有中国特色的防洪减灾体系的初步设想   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

徐乾清 《水文》2003,23(2):1-7

阐述了防洪成灾的基本认识及防洪减灾对策的发展过程，分析了中国洪水灾害分布的特征和防洪减灾基本对策的要求，探讨了建立具有中国特色的防洪成灾体系，提出了当前防洪成灾研究规划中出现的若干问题。  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯东段成矿系列区域地球化学预测   总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

孙忠军  任天祥向运川 《中国地质》2003,30(1):105-112

西藏冈底斯乐段优势矿床成矿系列预测是当前需要解决的重要问题。文中研究了成矿系列矿源场特征，以及地球化学靶区与矿床成矿系列的联系，揭示了矿化规模的地球化学控制因素，计算了因素耦合系数。预测冈底斯构造带是4种类型矿床成矿系列的密集区。  相似文献