北冰洋浮冰区的气象要素特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

程彦杰  卞林根  陆龙骅  逯昌贵 《极地研究》2000,12(4):253-262

利用中国首次北极科学考察队观测的气象资料 ,初步分析研究了 1 999年 8月 1 9～ 2 4日北冰洋浮冰 ( 75°N,1 60°W)上的温、压、湿、风、云量、辐射、海表温度、冰面及冰中温度等气象要素变化特征 ,并结合 50 0 h Pa高度场分析了该期间的天气过程。结果表明 :在考察期间海面与冰面温度日变化差异明显。除晴天夜间出现逆温外 ,气温随高度增大而减小 ,冰面为热源 ,不断有向上的热量输送。海温则稳定少变。冰中热交换主要发生在冰下 0～ 40 cm深度。由于有海上湿平流等影响 ,存在“逆湿”现象。晴天反射率具有明显日变化 ,早晚大 ,中午小。海冰表面平均反射率约为 0 .76。辐射与云量特别是低云量的关系密切  相似文献   

风沙活动区工程线路走向与风沙危害程度的关系--以塔里木沙漠公路为例   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

王雪芹  雷加强 《干旱区地理》2000,23(3):221-226

在风沙活动区,公路或铁路等工程线路的走向无疑会对其本身及防护体系所受的风沙危害程度产生影响。本文以塔里木沙漠公路为例,提出在将风况与公路走向结合起来考虑的同时,以风沙活动强度垂直分量的转化率作为评价公路走向的一种数学方法,并用该方法对沙漠公路不同路段走向进行评价与说明。  相似文献   

极轨卫星观测偏差订正动态更新技术在GRAPES_3Dvar的应用研究     

王雪曼  李刚  张华 《气象》2015,41(7):863-871

偏差订正技术是卫星辐射率资料同化的关键技术,目前全球GRAPES变分同化系统采用基于Harris和Kelly考虑扫描角和气团的静态偏差订正方案;但是该方案并没有考虑偏差属性的变化（比如仪器老化、观测数据漂移等问题）。因此,本文基于Harris和Kelly的TOVS辐射偏差订正方案以及国外在数值天气预报系统中对卫星数据提出的偏差订正动态更新概念的基础上,结合GRAPES分析预报系统和国家卫星气象中心的卫星预处理系统的特点以及仪器特征,提出了GRAPES偏差订正动态更新方案,来解决数据的漂移等问题。偏差订正动态更新技术是动态方法的一种,采用变分方法对偏差订正预报因子的系数进行调整。为了检验新方案的效果,设计了试验方案。为期两个月的同化试验结果显示,动态更新方案可以自动、迅速地优化已经退化的偏差订正方程,保持偏差订正的效果,运行稳定,结果令人鼓舞。  相似文献   

A study of transport and impact strength of Fukushima nuclear pollutants in the north pacific surface     

FU Hongli  LI Wei  ZHANG Xuefeng  HAN Guijun  WANG Xidong  WU Xinrong  and ZHANG Lianxin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):183-190

Based on the statistics of surface drifter data of 1979–2011 and the simulation of nuclear pollutant particulate movements simulated using high quality ocean reanalysis surface current dataset, the transport pathways and impact strength of Fukushima nuclear pollutants in the North Pacific have been estimated. The particulates are used to increase the sampling size and enhance the representativeness of statistical results. The trajectories of the drifters and particulates are first examined to identify typical drifting pathways. The results show that there are three types of transport paths for nuclear pollutants at the surface: 1) most pollutant particles move eastward and are carried by the Kuroshio and Kuroshio-extension currents and reach the east side of the North Pacific after about 3.2–3.9 years; 2) some particles travel with the subtropical circulation branch and reach the east coast of China after about 1.6 years according to one drifter trajectory and about 3.6 years according to particulate trajectories; 3) a little of them travel with local, small scale circulations and reach the east coast of China after about 1.3–1.8 years. Based on the particulates, the impact strength of nuclear pollutants at these time scales can be estimated according to the temporal variations of relative concentration combined with the radioactive decay rate. For example, Cesium-137, carried by the strong North Pacific current, mainly accumulates in the eastern North Pacific and its impact strength is 4% of the initial level at the originating Fukushima area after 4 years. Due to local eddies, Cesium-137 in the western North Pacific is 1% of the initial pollutant level after 1.5 years and continuously increases to 3% after 4 years. The vertical movement of radioactive pollutants is not taken into account in the present study, and the estimation accuracy would be improved by considering three-dimensional flows.  相似文献   

基于漂流浮标观测分析日本福岛以东表层海洋物质的散播轨迹     

卢锡  胡石建  王凡  胡敦欣  刘海龙  刁新源  于仁成 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1027-1044

认识海洋中的物质如何散播对于理解海洋环境变化和人类活动污染在海洋中的扩散过程具有非常重要的意义。利用历史海表漂流浮标观测数据,对日本福岛以东海域的表层物质散播轨迹进行了拉格朗日示踪分析和观测模拟试验研究。结果发现,福岛以东海域海表浮标的散播路径主要分为东、南两支,其中速度较快的东支为主要通道,沿黑潮延伸体汇入北太平洋流,最短用时大约22个月即可到达北美西海岸;南支则沿黑潮延伸体以南的大范围南向流向西南方向运移,速度较慢且明显受涡旋活动影响,最快大约5个月即可到达吕宋海峡和中国台湾以东海域,进而进入南海和东海等中国近海海域。通过开展观测模拟试验,发现海表浮标散播的概率密度分布呈现以福岛附近海域为核心、向西南和正东方向递减扩展的形态,其中,到达中国近海的浮标主要通过吕宋海峡进入。文章详细讨论了研究结果的局限性、不足之处,以及因基于大量现场观测而具备的重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Thermodynamic effects on particle movement: Wind tunnel simulation results   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qinghe Niu  Jianjun Qu  Kecun Zhang  Xianwan Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(2):178-187

Sand/dust storms are some of the main hazards in arid and semi-arid zones. These storms also influence global environmental changes. By field observations, empirical statistics, and numerical simulations, pioneer researchers on these natural events have concluded the existence of a positive relationship between thermodynamic effects and sand/dust storms. Thermodynamic effects induce an unsteady stratified atmosphere to influence the process of these storms. However, studies on the relationship of thermodynamic effects with particles (i.e., sand and dust) are limited. In this article, wind tunnel with heating was used to simulate the quantitative relationship between thermodynamic effects and particle movement on different surfaces. Compared with the cold state, the threshold wind velocity of particles is found to be significantly decrease under the hot state. The largest decrease percentage exceedes 9% on fine and coarse sand surfaces. The wind velocity also has a three-power function in the sand transport rate under the hot state with increased sand transport. Thermodynamic effects are stronger on loose surfaces and fine particles, but weaker on compacted surfaces and coarse particles.  相似文献   

广东清远市漂流旅游优势与竞争态势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢志海  甘巧林 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(1):117-121

广东清远市作为中国第一个也是目前唯一一个“中国漂流之乡”,近几年来,漂流旅游发展得如火如荼,已经成为广东漂流旅游发展得最成功、最成熟的地方以及全国最著名漂流地之一。笔者认为清远市发展漂流旅游的优势在于其气候和资源、区位交通、客源市场及规模集聚效应等方面,其目前面临着来自省内同类产品和非同类产品以及周边省区同类产品的竞争。要实现清远市漂流旅游的可持续迅速发展,需要做好清远漂流旅游品牌整体形象的塑造、多功能综合性漂流旅游区的建设、漂流旅游安全管理、从业人员的总体素质、对外宣传营销以及漂流旅游发展的总体规划等六方面的工作。  相似文献   

Drifter observations of the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current     

J.P. Manning  D.J. McGillicuddy Jr.  N.R Pettigrew  J.H. Churchill  L.S. Incze 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Two-hundred and twenty seven satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) from 1988 to 2007, primarily during spring and summer. The archive of tracks includes over 100,000 km logged thus far. Statistics such as transit times, mean velocities, response to wind events, and preferred pathways are compiled for various areas of the coastal GoM. We compare Lagrangian flow with Eulerian estimates from nearby moorings and evaluate drifter trajectories using Ekman theory and 3-D ocean circulation models.  相似文献   

南海东北部构造及块体运动指向的地震相响应(英文)     

陈洁  钟广见  刘少华 《应用地球物理》2010,7(4):306-314

南海的构造与演化与资源环境等关系密切是本文研究重点。本文针对南海的东北部构造及其块体构造方向,利用所采集的区域地震剖面,通过解析地震相与构造及其演化的关系,提出以下观点:(1)构造分区特点明晰,可划分为五个不同构造单元,构造单元之间既有联系又相互独立;(2)南海沉积盆地无论表现为拉张-弱挤压-强挤压的何种构造格局,其区域构造应力场是统一的;(3)首次发现反射地震剖面上显示出两个浅俯冲点。每个块体构造层呈手风琴风箱式折曲并向东聚敛,体现沉积盆地从发育、成长、结束、消亡不同阶段在南海的表现,其块体俯冲方向以及块体包络区域性倾伏方向均与区域应力场方向一致。  相似文献   

黑潮延伸体海域漂流式海气界面浮标数据分析与评估          下载免费PDF全文

邢霄波  王斌  陈朝晖 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(3):634-644

漂流式海气界面浮标是创新研制的“小型化、轻质化、免维护”的漂流观测系统,能够测量海面以上3 m气象、水下20 cm海表面温度和波浪参数等11个不同的物理参数,并且已经经过多次观测应用,结果均较好。为实现漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据全球范围的应用,利用2018年黑潮延伸体海域Argo观测的海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、SVP (surface velocity program)浮标观测的海表温度和OISST (optimum interpolation sea surface temperature)数据,通过将其与漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据进行时空匹配以及对比验证,对漂流式海气界面浮标观测的海表面温度进行了系统评估,检验其在黑潮延伸体复杂水文环境下的观测准确性。结果表明,漂流式海气界面浮标观测SST数据与Argo观测SST数据相关系数达到0.9737,均方根误差和平均误差分别为0.5790°C和0.4539°C;与SVP浮标SST数据的相关系数弱于与Argo的相关系数,为0.9285,均方根误差为1.323 0°C,平均误差约为0.979 4°C...  相似文献