威海国际海水浴场裂流调查与区划研究     

于华明  张鲲鹏  李松霖  褚芹芹 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,51(3)

裂流发生迅速,发生位置隐秘,发生范围相对较小,发生时海浪大、流速快,这些特点给裂流观测带来困难。本文以威海国际海水浴场为研究对象,通过水深地形测量、海浪海流观测及高空摄影等多种观测方式相结合,尝试采用可行且易于实现的方法对裂流易发区域进行定位,在此基础上对该海域裂流类型和产生原因进行分析,并进一步进行威海国际海水浴场裂流区划。研究表明:威海国际海水浴场水下地形较为复杂,离岸200 m范围内存在5个沙丘-沟槽结构,沟槽和东侧栈桥前沿是裂流危险区,分属海滩型裂流和边界型裂流,裂流流速在0.5~1 m/s之间,观测期间裂流平均风险等级为中等。本研究可为裂流观测和海水浴场管理提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

国产海洋气象漂流浮标运行评估分析     

秦世广  雷勇  李肖霞  曹晓钟  王艳青  徐鸣一  周薇 《气象科技》2022,50(4):467-475

利用2017年西太平洋海域国产海洋气象漂流浮标（以下简称浮标）实时运行数据、定位数据及观测数据,对浮标有效寿命、文件接收率、数据到报率和数据可用性等主要指标进行了评估。结果表明,浮标漂流速度是反映仪器有效寿命的关键指标,4套浮标有效寿命分别为193.8 h、837.8 h、330.8 h和2766.9 h;有效寿命内浮标文件接收率和数据到报率分别为79.86%和98.74%、97.37%和99.88%、94.65%和100%、65.45%和89.66%。经浮标运行状态参数影响分析和质量控制算法验证,浮标数据可用率分别为98.90%、99.68%、98.31%和60.14%。浮标太阳能充电模块可以一定程度上增加浮标工作寿命,但不能阻止电源损耗,电源电压变化趋势预测结果表明浮标工作寿命在5550 h至8400 h,满足设计指标。  相似文献   

Proton cyclotron instability in the drifting magnetoplasma     

V.E. Zakharov  C.‐V. Meister 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2001,322(1):57-64

A general expression for the tensor of the dielectrical susceptibility in an anisotropic plasma with particle drifts is derived, and the dispersion equation is found for waves propagating in arbitrary direction with respect to the mean magnetic field. The dispersion equation is solved for the case of electromagnetic ion‐cyclotron waves. It is found that in the plasma of the auroral magnetosphere strong plasma instability may occur so that the value of the growth rate of the waves is of the order of the wave frequency. Besides, the plasma instability is excited at less values of the wave number if the magnetospheric altitude becomes larger.  相似文献   

Comparison of Kuroshio surface velocities derived from satellite altimeter and drifting buoy data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hiroshi Uchida  Shiro Imawaki  Jian-Hwa Hu 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):115-122

Sea-surface geostrophic velocities for the Kuroshio region calculated from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data together within situ oceanographic data are compared with surface velocities derived from drifting buoy trajectories. The geostrophic velocities agree well with the observed velocities, suggesting that the Kuroshio surface layer is essentially in geostrophic balance, within measurement error. The comparison is improved a little when the centrifugal acceleration is taken into account. The observed velocities are divided into the temporal mean and fluctuation components, and the partitioning of velocities between these two components is examined. For the Kuroshio region, most of the fluctuation components of the velocities derived from drifting buoys are found to be positive. This result suggests that Eulerian mean velocities for the Kuroshio region estimated from drifting buoy data tend to be larger than actual means, due to the buoy’s tendency to sample preferentially in the high-velocity Kuroshio.  相似文献   

黄河内蒙古段土壤风蚀特征模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙宝洋  周蕊  王喆  肖俊波  马建业  李朝栋  马波 《中国沙漠》2020,40(4):120-127

采集黄河内蒙古段风沙土、灰漠土、棕钙土和灌淤土,在室内进行土壤理化性质测定和风洞模拟试验。对比分析了4种土壤的理化性质和不同风速及含水量条件下的风蚀特征,并量化了不同土壤的风蚀强度与土壤理化性质间关系。结果表明：（1）相对于棕钙土和灌淤土,风沙土和灰漠土易蚀性颗粒含量较大,团聚体、有机质和碳酸钙含量较低,但相同风速和含水量条件下平均风蚀强度风沙土>棕钙土>灰漠土>灌淤土。（2）不同土壤风蚀强度与风速均呈较好的幂函数关系（R²≥0.85,P<0.05）,尤其是风沙土和棕钙土,幂函数关系明显优于指数函数。（3）除灰漠土,土壤风蚀强度与土壤含水量均呈较好指数函数关系（R²>0.90,P<0.05）,风沙土和灰漠土的风蚀强度突降的含水量临界点在4.5%左右,灌淤土和棕钙土无明显临界点。（4）不同土壤输沙率均随距地表高度的增加而急剧减少。在距地表10 cm范围内,不同土壤输沙率占总输沙率比例风沙土（82.67%）>灰漠土（80.77%）>灌淤土（74.07%）>棕钙土（73.77%）,当距地表大于30 cm后,集沙仪中基本收集不到风沙土和灰漠土风蚀颗粒。当轴心风速为16 m·s^-1时,不同土壤风沙流结构均表现为单峰曲线。（5）不同土壤风蚀强度与风速、含水量、团聚体、易蚀性颗粒和黏粒含量均呈较强的非线性相关关系（R²=0.76,P<0.05）。易蚀性颗粒含量是影响风蚀强度最主要的土壤属性,其次是干团聚体和黏粒含量。  相似文献   

寒区公路风吹雪害的融雪侵蚀破坏机理研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李驰  朱文会  高瑜 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):784-790

以寒区公路路基作为研究对象,采用与天然老的细粒雪密度相似的麸皮作为模型雪,通过室内风洞试验研究雪粒子的起动以及沿路基不同部位堆积和积蚀的过程,确定雪粒子沿路基坡面堆积区域与路基断面之间的关系．通过FLAC数值模拟,考察融雪径流对路基的侵蚀作用;引入融雪侵蚀面积率,研究了融雪侵蚀面积率随融雪量、土体饱和度、路基边坡坡率以...  相似文献   

Observed and simulated Lagrangian and eddy characteristics of the East Australian Current and the Tasman Sea     

Gary B. Brassington  Nicholas SummonsRick Lumpkin 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):559-573

New insights into the Lagrangian and eddy dynamical processes within the East Australian Current (EAC) and the Tasman Sea are presented. We briefly discuss the past campaigns undertaken to observe the EAC and the Tasman Sea eddies as well as the motivation to renew the deployment of drifting buoys into the EAC and the Tasman Sea. The specific features discussed are motivated by the recent observing campaigns using drifting buoys and the availability of high spatial- and temporal-resolution estimates of the ocean state and circulation from eddy resolving models. The interpretation of these features is also aided by other components of the ocean observing system. The dynamics presented includes: (a) transient EAC separation through a vortex dipole, (b) stratified vortex mergers and secondary circulation of EAC eddies, (c) eddy networks in the Tasman Sea and (d) formation and propagation of the EAC separation point. The importance of these dynamical features to the EAC and the Tasman Sea and their implications for the observing system and modelling are discussed.  相似文献   

Studies of household activity patterns and urban structure     

Kirsten Simonsen M. Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):26-35

Simonsen, Kirsten, 1973: Studies of household activity patterns and urban structure. Geografisk Tidsskrift 73: 26–35. København, juni 1, 1974.

This Paper focuses upon the daily activity patterns of individuals and households. It gives a survey of the relevant literature and discusses the possible use of activity studies. Furthermore, it treats the interrelationship between activity patterns and environment and illustrates this by a case study from a Danish provincial town.  相似文献   

表层漂流浮标及其跟踪技术   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

余立中  山广林 《海洋技术学报》1997,16(2):1-11

漂流浮标是一种小型海洋资料浮标，具有自动采集海洋水文气象数据，自动定位与数据传输的功能，它可以在海洋中表层海流进行大尺度测量与描绘，属一次性使用仪器，其体积小，便于投放，按照不同的使用目的的可连续在海上工作几个月到两年。  相似文献   

北极海冰运移和消退的数值模拟(英)     

GUO Zhi-Chang  AHAO Jin-Ping 《冰川冻土》1998,(4)

A sea ice model which contains Hibler's (1979, 1980) dynamics and Parkinson & Washington's (1979) thermodynamics is used to simulate the seasonal cycle of sea ice motion, thickness,compactness and growth rate in the Arctic Ocean under mean annual climatological forcing. Furthermore, it is used to investigate the air-sea heat flux and mean annual heat state over the entire Arctic Ocean.  相似文献