Effects of linear and exponential heterogeneity on the dynamic response of a moving load in an irregular isotropic half-space: a comparative study     

Abhishek Kumar Singh  Anirban Lakshman  Amares Chattopadhyay 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(3):201-218

Heterogeneity, being a trivial feature inside the earth or in a geostructure, makes a strong basis for its consideration in the study of geomechanics. Inclusion of the concept of heterogeneity along with irregularity in the medium brings a novelty to the existing literature related to the study of the moving load. The present study investigates the effects of linear and exponential heterogeneity on the dynamic response due to a normal load moving with constant velocity on a rough irregular heterogeneous isotropic half-space in a comparative approach. Expressions for both normal and shear stresses for either case of heterogeneity have been established in closed form. Substantial effects of the affecting parameters such as depth, irregularity factor, maximum depth of irregularity, frictional coefficient, linear heterogeneity parameter and exponential heterogeneity parameter on normal and shear stresses for both the cases of heterogeneity have been observed. Numerical computation has been carried out and the effects of said parameters have been meticulously examined by means of graphs. Moreover, different cases of heterogeneity and homogeneity along with various types of irregularity namely rectangular, parabolic and no irregularity are compared which serve as a focal theme of the study.  相似文献   

腐蚀管道在内压和轴向压力影响下的弯曲破坏     

高杰  李昕  周晶 《海洋工程》2016,34(6):74-82

运行在恶劣环境中的海底管道,往往受到内压、轴力和弯矩等复杂荷载的联合作用。腐蚀会导致管壁局部变薄,降低管道极限承载力。为保证管道安全高效运行,准确预测和分析复杂荷载作用下的塑性极限承载力和变形行为就显得尤为重要。考虑大应变和大变形、应力强化和材料非线性,运用数值仿真软件建立腐蚀缺陷管道的三维实体有限元模型,在全尺寸管道破坏试验验证的基础上,对腐蚀管道在内压、轴向压力和弯矩相互作用下的失效模式和极限弯矩承载力进行了相关研究,并进行了腐蚀缺陷几何参数的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:初始内压和初始轴向压力会显著降低腐蚀管道的极限弯矩承载力,并且影响最终的失效模式;在腐蚀缺陷几何尺寸参数中,腐蚀宽度比腐蚀深度和腐蚀长度的影响更大。  相似文献   

Field Evaluation of the Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Screw Pretensioned Spun High-Strength Concrete Pile     

Yongkyu Choi  Dong-Chul Kim  Tae-Hyung Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(5):474-485

This study has evaluated the vertical bearing capacity by conducting static load tests for noise-free and vibration-free screw pretensioned spun high-strength concrete (PHC) piles installed using two different methods (end-squirting shoe and pre-boring methods). Vertical bearing capacity differences seem to occur due to the displacement of soils near the external circumference of a pile, depending on the installation method. A method by which to evaluate the bearing capacity of screw concrete piles is suggested by considering the equations that already have been used to calculate the bearing capacity of piles. Based on static load tests and analysis, the pile installed using the end-squirting shoe method was assumed to be a bored pile and it was reasonable to use the equation proposed by the Japanese Geotechnical Society. At the same time, the pile installed using the pre-boring method was deemed a low soil displacement pile and so it was reasonable to apply the equations proposed for calculating the bearing capacity of the driven pile suggested by the Architectural Institute of Japan.  相似文献   

小秦岭太峪水系沉积物重金属污染生态危害评价     

张江华  王葵颖  徐友宁  吴耀国  陈华清 《地质通报》2018,37(12):2224-2232

以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。  相似文献   

Magnetic measurements in electrical prospecting by resistivity methods     

V.S. Mogilatov  N.O. Kozhevnikov  A.V. Zlobinsky 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(4):432-437

The electrical resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methods are widely used in geological mapping, prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits, engineering geology, hydrogeology, archaeology, and geotechnical and environmental applications. Historically, these methods have formed the basis of the electrical prospecting technique. In these methods, a DC or low-frequency AC electrical current is introduced into the earth through a grounded transmitter line. The measured quantity is the electric field. However, if the earth’s resistivity or chargeability changes horizontally, this change gives rise to an anomalous magnetic field, which is studied by the magnetometric resistivity (MMR) and magnetic induced polarization (MIP) methods, respectively. Along with advantages, some shortcomings are inherent in the MMR and MIP techniques. Apparently, the main drawback of these methods is that the magnetic fields of both the transmitter line wire and ground electrodes on the surface are several orders of magnitude greater than the anomalous magnetic field response. This introduces a significant “noise” to magnetic-resistivity data. We investigate the potential of using a circular electric dipole (CED) in magnetometric resistivity techniques. It has been found that the application of a CED, instead of a conventional transmitter line, dramatically enhances the signal-to-noise ratio.  相似文献   

Foundations of petroleum prediction based on the activation of geochemical processes by direct current     

V.Yu. Shigaev 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(11):1508-1513

Petroleum prediction in local objects and the applicability of geologic environment parameters in this regard are considered. The proposed guidelines for petroleum potential prediction are based on the analysis of the distribution of typomorphic epigenetic multivalent elements loosely fixed in rocks before and after electric current treatment. The advantage of geoelectrochemical methods providing data on the chemical composition of above-productive deposits is demonstrated.  相似文献   

新型闪电电场变化测量仪的研究与初步应用     

徐黄飞  张其林  杜赛  薛奇 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):502-511

闪电电场变化测量系统是目前用于闪电物理研究以及闪电定位的重要手段之一, 提高测量系统的探测性能, 对于推动闪电物理以及闪电定位的研究具有重要作用。根据电磁感应原理, 研制出探测带宽为10 Hz~5 MHz的新型闪电电场变化测量仪。并进行了实验, 标定了测量仪输出信号与电场变化信号在频域上的数值关系。利用三套测量仪系统对南京多个强雷暴过程展开同步探测, 利用获取的数据反演了负地闪电场波形。对探测到的58次负地闪波形特征进行统计, 与国内外统计结果进行对比分析, 发现各个地区的负地闪预击穿过程和首次回击电场波形特征存在较大差异。   相似文献   

川西九龙地区锂铍矿区土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于沨  王伟  于扬  王登红  刘善宝  高娟琴  吕秉廷  刘丽君 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):408-424

川西九龙地区是近年来中国关键矿产资源勘查的热点地区之一,区内锂铍等稀有金属矿产资源优势突出,有望逐步发展成为国家级大型资源基地。作为长江上游生态保护屏障,该区生态环境脆弱,面对矿业开发的巨大机遇,在当前"环保优先"的现实情况下,急需摸清该区环境家底,支撑国家能源战略发展。本文用ICP-MS方法检测了该区352件土壤样品中7种重金属元素(Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn)的含量,运用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和健康风险评价模型,结合GIS空间分析,综合研究了该区土壤中重金属的空间分布特征和生态风险。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤7种重金属元素浓度的平均值均没有超过国家农用土壤污染风险筛选值。As和Pb平均含量低于四川省土壤背景值,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn含量高于背景值,分别是背景值的2.44、1.04、1.15、1.28和1.17倍。(2)Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn六种重金属元素浓度的空间分布特征明显受到区内黑云母花岗岩的影响,Pb的高浓度中心以及Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn的低浓度中心与岩体的空间位置对应关系明显。(3)地累积指数法评价结果显示,研究区土壤区域整体上不存在重金属异常累积;污染负荷指数法评价结果显示污染负荷指数均小于1,不存在重金属的污染;除Cd存在轻微的潜在生态风险外,其余6种元素均不存在潜在生态风险。(4)健康风险评价模型分析结果显示,空间上,Cd元素的单元素潜在生态风险指数空间分布规律与岩体存在一定联系,无生态风险区域与黑云母花岗岩岩体位置对应。土壤中的重金属可以通过手口、呼吸和皮肤直接接触三种途径进入人体,其中手口途径是产生健康风险的最主要途径。在全部重金属元素产生的健康风险中,除Cr的手口途径会产生可以接受的正常的自然致癌风险外,其余元素均不存在致癌性和非致癌性。研究表明,当前研究区土壤不存在重金属污染,潜在危害程度较低,且不存在非致癌和致癌性风险。但基于土壤中重金属存在一定的累积效应,在今后矿业开发过程中要密切关注土壤重金属浓度的变化,防止重金属污染带来的风险。  相似文献   

高压电脉冲破岩试验装置的研制          下载免费PDF全文

梁丽  肖一标  李大鹏  段隆臣  张锋  李昌平 《探矿工程》2021,48(11):77-83

高压电脉冲破岩钻进在国际上被认为是一种在深部钻探中具有广阔发展前景的破岩方法,但在国内研究还很少。本文设计制造了一套高压电脉冲破岩试验装置,包含伺服电动缸、控制柜、岩石容器等部件,试验装置配套了?60 mm和?100 mm的电脉冲钻头,可选择手动或自动加压放电破碎岩石。在放电电压为120 kV、放电频率为1 Hz的条件下进行了红砂岩等岩石的钻进试验,实现了60 mm口径的钻进碎岩。试验结果表明,该装置能满足电脉冲破岩试验的基本要求,可用于电脉冲碎岩室内研究。  相似文献   

井筒电加热改善水平井蒸汽吞吐效果机理实验     

吴永彬  吕柏林  杜宣  卢迎波  蒋有伟  邢向荣 《现代地质》2021,35(4):1136-1146

针对稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐面临入井渗流阻力大、产量水平低、吞吐递减率高、采收率偏低等问题,提出了电加热辅助水平井蒸汽吞吐方法。首先根据水平井蒸汽吞吐过程中的电加热与蒸汽复合传热特征,建立了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐三个阶段的(注汽阶段、焖井阶段、生产阶段)储层升温解析模型,在此基础上,设计并开展了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐和常规水平井吞吐的宏观比例物理模拟对比实验,通过实验验证了解析公式,揭示电加热改善水平井吞吐效果关键机理,并利用实际典型井模型进行了潜力预测。结果表明:电加热协同蒸汽吞吐,具有注蒸汽阶段实现水平段均匀加热升温、焖井阶段持续热补偿加热近井地带、生产阶段降低原油入井渗流阻力并提高吞吐产量的关键机理。典型井组预测电加热辅助水平井吞吐可提高吞吐采收率9.4%,油汽比从0.14提高到0.23,在水平井蒸汽吞吐油藏具有重要应用潜力。  相似文献