Characteristics of convection and overshooting in RGB and AGB stars     

Xiang-Jun Lai    Yan Li  National Astronomical Observatories/ Yunnan Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming  China  Key Laboratory for the Structure  Evolution of Celestial Objects  China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China. 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2011,(10)

Based on the turbulent convection model (TCM) of Li & Yang, we have studied the characteristics of turbulent convection in the envelopes of 2 and 5M⊙ stars at the red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch phases. The TCM has been successfully applied over the entire convective envelopes, including the convective unstable zone and the overshooting regions. We find that the convective motions become progressively stronger when the stellar models are located farther up along the Hayashi line. In the convect...  相似文献   

南京北郊大气垂直扩散参数特征的测量及其应用     

曹琪敏  邹嘉南  马欣  等. 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(4):56-61

利用平面照相法,以江苏南热发电有限责任公司#Q2号烟囱为研究对象,进行了500次拍摄,通过风向风速、云量、太阳高度角等气象数据,确定了不同稳定度下南京北郊大气扩散参数的特征。与P-G扩散曲线对比发现,在强不稳定A、弱不稳定C、中性D层结中,南京北郊的大气垂直扩散参数在距离排放源200 m范围内更不稳定,而在200—1000 m范围内更稳定。其中,不稳定B层结的扩散曲线与P-G扩散曲线一致,较稳定E、稳定F层结出现于白天的频率很低。对比垂直扩散参数幂函数表达式σ_z=γx~α的系数值γ和α,本研究中α值分别比国家标准增加了28. 6%(A层结)、56. 4%(C层结)、30. 4%(D层结),而B层结的α值却比国家标准减少了22. 9%。此外,通过高斯扩散公式计算得到SO_2和NO_X扩散到观测点的浓度,发现该计算值仅占气象楼污染气体监测平台实测SO_2和NO_X浓度的0. 82%和0. 69%。结合风场发现,SO_2和NO_X实测值受观测点东部工业污染物排放的叠加效应影响较大。其中,NO_X的实测值在受到偏东风和偏南风的影响时具有较大值,且在0. 5～1. 5 m·s~(-1)的较弱风速影响时,NO_X的实测值将达到60μg·m~(-3)以上。  相似文献   

On the DB gap of white dwarf evolution： effects of hydrogen mass fraction and convective overshooting     

Jie Su  Yan Li 《天体物理学报》2010,(3):266-278

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Excess of bottom-released methane in an Arctic shelf sea polynya in winter     

Ellen Damm  Ursula Schauer  Bert Rudels  Christian Haas 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Latent heat polynyas are regions generating strong ice formation, convection and extensive water mass formation. Here we report on the effects of these processes on resuspension of sediments and subsequent methane release from the seafloor and on the resulting excess methane concentration in surface water on a polar shelf during winter. The study is based on measurements of concentration and δ¹³C values of methane, water temperature, salinity, light transmission and sea ice data collected in March 2003 in Storfjorden, southern Svalbard. In winter, strong and persistent northeasterly winds create polynyas in eastern Storfjorden and cause ice formation. The resulting brine-enriched water cascades from the Storfjordbanken into the central depression thereby enhancing the turbulence near the seafloor. A distinct benthic nepheloid layer was observed reflecting the resuspension of sediments by the cascading dense bottom water. High concentrations of ¹³C-depleted methane suggest submarine discharge of methane with the resuspended sediments. As the source of the submarine methane, we propose recent bacterial methanogenesis near the sediment surface because of extremely high accumulation rates of organic carbon in Storfjorden. Convective mixing transports newly released methane from the bottom to the sea surface. This eventually results in an excess concentration in surface water with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium, and a sea-air flux of methane during periods of open water. When a new ice cover is formed, methane becomes trapped in the water column and subsequently oxidized. Thus, the residual methane is strongly enriched in ¹³C in relation to the δ¹³_CCH4${\delta }^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4}$ signature of atmospheric methane. Our results show that latent heat polynyas may induce a direct pathway for biogases like methane from sediments to the atmosphere through coupling of biogeochemical and oceanographic processes. Extrapolating these processes to all Arctic ocean polynyas, we estimate a transfer of CH₄ between 0.005 and 0.02 Tg yr⁻¹. This is not a large contribution but the fluxes from the polynyas are 20–200 times larger than the ocean average and the methane evasion process in polynyas is certainly one that can be altered under climate change.  相似文献   

A Numerical Verification of Self-Similar Multiplicative Theory for Small-Scale Atmospheric Turbulent Convection          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Zong-Peng  HU Fei  LIU Yu-Jue  CHENG Xue-Ling  LIU Lei  XU Jing-Jing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(2):98-102

The self-similar multiplicative theory（SSM theory）, aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov＇s theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.  相似文献   

夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王妍  谭桂容  卢明 《大气科学学报》2014,37(6):758-766

利用1978—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,对夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号进行分析。结果表明:前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区对流与夏季贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常存在一致的变化,为预测夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号之一。即当前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区对流活动偏强时,夏季对流区北抬至青藏高原西侧,进而有利于贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常的发生和维持。但是,进一步研究表明,夏季西印度洋对流活动异常将干扰青藏高原及其西侧的对流上升运动对贝加尔湖环流的影响。当夏季西印度洋对流偏强时,前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋对流和夏季青藏高原西侧对流变化表现出不一致。偏强的西印度洋对流将干扰青藏高原及其西侧的对流上升运动对贝加尔湖环流的影响,进而不利于贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常的形成。当夏季西印度洋对流异常弱时,前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区的对流可能引起夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常,两者呈现一致的变化;但当夏季西印度洋对流强盛时,将可能改变上述两者的变化关系。  相似文献   

高光谱大气红外探测仪(AIRS)反演大气不稳定度指数在强对流天气个例中的应用试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘辉  寿亦萱  漆成莉 《气象》2014,40(6):678-686

使用探空、NCEP-FNL,数据和高光谱分辨率大气垂直探测仪(AIRS)标准反演数据计算大气不稳定度指数,对2011年6月23日北京强对流天气发生前的本地及上游大气中不稳定能量进行分析研究。分析发现:利用08、14和20时探空数据计算的北京站不稳定度指数显示了在"6·23暴雨"过程发生前后北京上空不稳定能量变化,上游关键区无探空数据;利用NCEP和AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数显示,强对流天气发生前,在北京的上游关键区大气处于极端不稳定状态(K指数大于40,SI指数小于一5),有利于强对流天气发生。文章的研究结果表明,探空数据时空分辨率较低,不利于监测强对流天气的发生;质量控制后AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数可以监测对流天气的发生;空间分辨率较低的NCEP数据监测小范围大气不稳定层结能力较低。综上所述,AIRS反演产品具有弥补探空资料时空分辨率不足的优势,利用AIRS L2反演产品计算晴空大气不稳定度指数产品可以监测到"6·23暴雨"天气发生前上游关键区大气层结稳定度状态,为预报员决策提供有效的辅助信息。  相似文献   

Variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in FGOALS-g2简   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

HUANG Wenyu  WANG Bin  LI Lijuan  DONG Li  LIN Pengfei  YU Yongqiang  ZHOU Tianjun  LIU Li  XU Shiming  XIA Kun  PU Ye  WANG Lu  LIU Mimi  SHEN Si  HU Ning  WANG Yong  SUN Wenqi  DONG Fang 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):95-109

The variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） in the pre-industrial control experiment of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） was investigated using the model outputs with the most stable state in a 512-yr time window from the total 1500-yr period of the experiment. The period of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is double peaked at 20 and 32 years according to the power spectrum, and 22 years according to an auto-correlation analysis, which shows very obvious decadal variability. Like many other coupled climate models, the decadal variability of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is closely related to the convection that occurs in the Labrador Sea region. Deep convection in the Labrador Sea in FGOALS-g2 leads the AMOC maximum by 3-4 years. The contributions of thermal and haline effects to the variability of the convection in three different regions [the Labrador, Irminger and Greenland-Iceland- Norwegian （GIN） Seas] were analyzed for FGOALS-g2. The variability of convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas is thermally dominant, while that in the colder GIN Seas can be mainly attributed to salinity changes due to the lower thermal expansion. By comparing the simulation results from FGOALS-g2 and 11 other models, it was found that AMOC variability can be attributed to salinity changes for longer periods （longer than 35 years） and to temperature changes for shorter periods.  相似文献   

The 30–60-day Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Subtropical Western North Pacific during the Summer of 1998简     

LU Riyu  DONG Huilin  SU Qin  Hui DING 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):1-7

The features of 30-60-day convection oscillations over the subtropical western North Pacific （WNP） were investigated, along with the degree of tropical-subtropical linkage between the oscillations over the WNP during summer 1998. It was found that 30-60-day oscillations were extremely strong in that summer over both the subtropical and tro]~ical WNP, providing a unique opportunity to study the behavior of subtropical oscillations and their relationship to tropical oscillations. Further analyses indicated that 30-60-day oscillations propagate westwards over the subtropical WNP and reach eastern China. In addition, 30-60-day oscillations in the subtropics are affected by those over the South China Sea （SCS） and tropical WNP through two mechanisms： （1） direct propagation from the tropics into the subtropics; and （2） a seesaw pattern between the tropics and subtropics, with the latter being predominant.  相似文献   

Non-Newtonian stagnant lid convection and the thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto     

J. Freeman 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(1):2-14

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