基于ECMWF产品福建省前汛期短时强降水预报方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

洪伟  郑玉兰 《应用气象学报》2018,29(5):584-595

利用2014—2016年福建省1605个自动气象站逐时降水资料和ECMWF全球模式细网格预报产品,分析福建省前汛期短时强降水发生背景下模式预报物理量的分布特征,并基于阈值判定的方法建立短时强降水预报模型。结果表明:福建省内陆县市前汛期短时强降水发生频次较高,沿海县市发生频次低,且日变化特征表现出双峰结构。箱型图差异指数（I_bd）在评估相关变量对于区分短时强降水发生与否的敏感程度有较好的作用,比湿、整层可降水量等水汽变量I_bd最为显著,K指数、对流有效位能等变量的I_bd仅次于水汽变量,说明模式预报变量对于预测短时强降水有较好的表征作用。针对短时强降水事件的物理量集合,采用剔除异常值后的最小值作为判定阈值,通过训练集分析结果客观订正对流有效位能和3 h降水量两个高I_bd变量的阈值,建立潜势预报模型。对于福建省西部的关键区,检验集白天时段12 h时间分辨率预报TS评分可达0.5,夜间时段约为0.3。对于福建省进行分区建模预报,检验集预报结果显示白天时段比夜间准确率高、内陆县市比沿海县市准确率高。  相似文献   

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS AND THERMO- DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS OF TWO TYPES OF WARM-SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG THE SOUTH CHINA COAST     

苗春生  杨艺亚  王坚红  李萍 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2018,24(4):494-507

Warm-sector heavy rainfalls along the south China coast from April to June during 2009–2014 can be divided into two main types based on their low-level circulations. Type I is the southerly pattern with meridional convergence line at the west of the Pearl River estuary, which is formed by the convergence of southeasterly, southerly, and southwesterly flows. Type II is the southwesterly pattern with a latitudinal convergence line at the east of the Pearl River estuary, which is formed by the convergence of westerly and southwesterly flows. Statistics on 6-hourly heavy rainfall events indicates that, during the afore-mentioned 6 years, there were on average 73.2 occurrences of the southerly pattern and 50.3 occurrences of the southwesterly pattern per year. After the onset of summer monsoon in the South China Sea, the occurrence frequencies of both patterns increase remarkably. The synthetic diagnosis of pattern circulation shows that, at 500 hPa, for the southerly pattern, there is a broad warm high ridge, and a temperature ridge is behind the high ridge, which causes an obvious warm advection at the high ridge area. There is no frontal region. For the southwesterly pattern, the circulation is a weak trough with a temperature trough behind it. The position of the frontal region is near Yangzi River, and the south China coast is in the warm-sector of the frontal region. At the vertical cross-section of each of the two categories of heavy rainfall, there is a strong vertical motion center stretching to 400 hPa, where the convergence layer in the rainfall region is deep and with several vertical convergence centers overlapping one another. Both types of heavy rainfalls are with abundant water vapor, accompanied with deep convective instability energy layers, and with strong release of latent heat caused by condensation of water vapor. The release of latent heat leads to the warming-up and stretching of the air column, thus strengthens deep convergence and vertical velocity upward. There is a stronger latent heat-release in the southwesterly pattern than in the southerly pattern, while in the southerly pattern, the warm advection at middle and upper levels is stronger than the latent head release. To study the thermo-dynamic development mechanisms, weather research and forecasting model (WRF) numerical simulations are made and the results show that, in the two rainstorm regions, latent heat release warms up the air column, hence significantly increase the depth and strength of the vertical velocity. Moreover, the release of latent heat strengthens convergent circulation at lower levels and weakens divergent circulation at middle levels, whose influence can be as strong as 30%–50% of the wind circulation strength of the two types of the warm-sector heavy rainfall over the south China coast, and further enhances deep convection, promoting warm-sector storm development.  相似文献   

时空投影法在上海地区梅汛期降水延伸期预报中的应用     

马悦  梁萍  李文铠  何金海 《气象》2018,44(12):1593-1603

本文基于2001—2010年上海市11个基本气象站的逐日降水量和澳大利亚气象局的逐日大气低频振荡(MaddenJulian Oscillation,MJO)指数(包括RMM1和RMM2)资料,选取MJO指数作为预报因子,上海地区梅汛期降水量作为预报对象,建立了基于时空投影法(spatial-temporal projection model,STPM)的上海地区梅汛期降水延伸期预报模型。利用该模型对近6年(2011—2016年)的梅汛期降水进行回报试验,其预报技巧评估结果表明:该模型对未来10～25 d的降水具有较好预报效果,可较准确地预报出梅汛期3/4左右的降水量级和降水发生时段。其中,预报时效为10～20 d的预报技巧较高,而提前21～25 d的预报技巧略有下降。总体而言,基于MJO活动的STPM预报模型在上海地区梅汛期延伸期降水预报中具有较好的参考价值。  相似文献   

河南“7·19”豫北罕见特大暴雨降水特征及极端性分析   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

栗晗  王新敏  张霞  吕林宜  徐文明 《气象》2018,44(9):1136-1147

2016年7月18-20日受低涡气旋影响,河南省出现了一次全省大范围的强降水过程("7·19"),其中豫北部分地区出现特大暴雨,最大过程雨量达732 mm。本文基于自动气象站降水、地面风场观测资料、雷达组合反射率资料、常规气象探空资料和1°×1°ECMWF再分析资料,对"7·19"过程的降水特征、大尺度环流特征和中尺度系统进行了分析,同时也对比分析了"7·19"过程和1980-2016年以来发生在豫北太行山东麓的71个强降水过程(所选区域至少有一个站点的日降水量大于100 mm)的物理量场特征。结果表明:太行山地形和低涡气旋背景下有利的大尺度环流为"7·19"特大暴雨提供了充沛的水汽和辐合抬升条件;中尺度地形辐合线的生成、发展和维持、多个地面中尺度气旋移动造成的列车效应是导致局地特大暴雨的主要原因,对比不同强降水过程的物理量场显示"7·19"的动力因子具有明显的极端性特征。  相似文献   

中国东部夏季降水特征及其与西太平洋副高的关系          下载免费PDF全文

肖艳林  池再香  杨冬冬  孔德璇 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(3):44-50

利用中国东部160个气象观测站1951年-2012年夏季（6-8月）的月平均降水资料,运用EOF分析方法,分析中国东部夏季降水的时空分布特征及其与西太平洋副热带高压的关系。结果表明:（1)夏季,中国东部降水大值区域从华南移到江淮流域,然后到达华北和东北地区。（2) 中国东部夏季降水EOF第一模态空间分布为长江以北与黄河以南地区之间存在一个降水大值雨带, EOF第二模态显示出整个东部沿海地区的降水量以长江为界,长江以南降水偏少,长江以北降水偏多,且江南与江北的降水呈反位相。（3)在西太平洋副热带高压较强的年份,江淮流域降水偏少,华北地区降水偏多;西太平洋副热带高压较弱的年份,江淮流域降水偏多,华南地区降水偏少。  相似文献   

全球视野下崩岗侵蚀地貌及其研究进展   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

刘希林 《地理科学进展》2018,37(3):342-351

典型的崩岗具有“圆形露天剧场”般的沟头,发育在深厚的红色花岗岩风化壳上,通常包括集水坡面、崩壁、崩积体、沟道、洪积扇5个地貌组成部分;崩壁自上而下可分为表土层、风化红粘土层(红土层)、风化砂质红粘土层(砂土层)、风化粗碎屑层(碎屑层)。中国的崩岗与马达加斯加的lavaka属于同类地貌,两者具有地貌学上的可比性。崩岗群是劣地的表现形式之一,但与欧洲的badland有不同的侵蚀过程,也不同于意大利和巴西的两种沟谷侵蚀地貌calanchi和vocoroca。崩岗主要发育在华南和东南热带和亚热带湿润季风气候区中等偏缓的丘陵坡地上,由沟谷侵蚀发展而成,是沟谷侵蚀的高级阶段。崩岗沟道侵蚀产沙量占崩岗沟谷流域侵蚀产沙量的一半以上,其中沟道沟壁崩塌侵蚀产沙量与沟床下切侵蚀产沙量又各占崩岗沟道侵蚀产沙量的一半左右。野外人工模拟降雨试验是研究崩岗流域侵蚀、产流和产沙过程的有效手段。崩岗流域侵蚀产沙量可以通过崩岗沟谷和洪积扇地形测量加以估算。  相似文献   

Urban Impact on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Precipitation: A Numerical Study of Typhoon Rumbia (2018)     

Xinguan DU  Haishan CHEN  Qingqing LI  Xuyang GE 《大气科学进展》2023,40(6):988-1004

Coastal urban areas are prone to serious disasters caused by landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs). Despite the crucial role of urban forcing in precipitation, how fine-scale urban features impact landfalling TC precipitation remains poorly understood. In this study, high-resolution ensemble simulations of Typhoon Rumbia(2018), which crossed the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, were conducted to analyze the potential urban impact on TC precipitation. Results show that the inner-core rainfal...  相似文献   

Analysis on Precipitation Efficiency of the “21.7” Henan Extremely Heavy Rainfall Event     

Lei YIN  Fan PING  Jiahua MAO  Shuanggen JIN 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):374-392

A record-breaking heavy rainfall event that occurred in Zhengzhou, Henan province during 19–21 July 2021 is simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, and the large-scale precipitation efficiency(LSPE) and cloud-microphysical precipitation efficiency(CMPE) of the rainfall are analyzed based on the model results. Then, the key physical factors that influenced LSPE and CMPE, and the possible mechanisms for the extreme rainfall over Zhengzhou are explored. Results show that water v...  相似文献   

Comparison of Microphysical Characteristics of Warm-sector, Frontal and Shearline Heavy Rainfall During the Pre-summer Rainy Season in South China     

夏丰  刘显通  胡胜  黎慧琦  饶晓娜  林青  肖辉  冯璐  赖睿泽 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(2):204-215

Warm-sector heavy rainfall (WR), shear-line heavy rainfall (SR), and frontal heavy rainfall (FR) are three types of rainfall that frequently occur during the pre-summer rainy season in south China. In this research, we investigated the differences in microphysical characteristics of heavy rainfall events during the period of 10-15 May 2022 based on the combined observations from 11 S-band polarimetric radars in south China. The conclusions are as follows: (1) WR has the highest radar echo top height, the strongest radar echo at all altitudes, the highest lightning density, and the most active ice-phase process, which suggests that the convection is the most vigorous in the WR, moderate in the FR, and the weakest in the SR. (2) Three types of rainfall are all marine-type precipitation, the massweighted mean diameter (Dm, mm) and the intercept parameter (Nw, mm-1 m-3 ) of the raindrops in the WR are the largest. (3) The WR possesses the highest proportion of graupel compared with the FR and SR, and stronger updrafts and more abundant water vapor supply may lead to larger raindrops during the melting and collision-coalescence processes. (4) Over all the heights, liquid and ice water content in the WR are higher than those in the SR and FR, the ratio of ice to liquid water content in the WR is as high as 27% when ZH exceeds 50 dBZ, definitely higher than that in the SR and FR, indicating that the active ice-phase process existing in the WR is conducive to the formation of heavy rainfall.  相似文献   

Comparison of Microphysical Characteristics Between Warm-sector and Frontal Heavy Rainfall in the South of China     

冯璐  胡胜  刘显通  黎慧琦  肖辉  李晓惠  赖睿泽  林青 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(1):87-100

During the April-June raining season,warm-sector heavy rainfall(WR) and frontal heavy rainfall(FR) often occur in the south of China,causing natural disasters.In this study,the microphysical characteristics of WR and FR events from 2016 to 2022 are analyzed by using 2-dimensional video disdrometer(2DVD) data in the south of China.The microphysical characteristics of WR and FR events are quite different.Compared with FR events,WR events have higher concentration of D<5.3 mm(especially D <1 ...  相似文献