Towards establishing practical multi-hazard bridge design limit states   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zach Liang  George C.Lee 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(3):333-340

In the U.S.,the current Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads.Various extreme load effects,such as earthquake and vessel collision,are not considered on the same reliability-based platform.Since these extreme loads are time variables,combining them with frequent,nonextreme loads is a significant challenge.The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications.Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers,many load combinations are insignificant in their states.This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states.This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms.Then,important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively.  相似文献   

Bayesian model selection for sand with generalization ability evaluation     

Yin-Fu Jin  Zhen-Yu Yin  Wan-Huan Zhou  Jian-Fu Shao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(14):2305-2327

Current studies have focused on selecting constitutive models using optimization methods or selecting simple formulas or models using Bayesian methods. In contrast, this paper deals with the challenge to propose an effective Bayesian-based selection method for advanced soil models accounting for the soil uncertainty. Four representative critical state-based advanced sand models are chosen as database of constitutive model. Triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as training and testing data. The Bayesian method is enhanced based on transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo method, whereby the generalization ability for each model is simultaneously evaluated, for the model selection. The most plausible/suitable model in terms of predictive ability, generalization ability, and model complexity is selected using training data. The performance of the method is then validated by testing data. Finally, a series of drained triaxial tests on Karlsruhe sand is used for further evaluating the performance.  相似文献   

A bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated soil-structure interfaces     

Chao Zhou  Pei Tai  Jian-Hua Yin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(18):2412-2429

In many geotechnical systems, such as reinforced slopes and embankments, soil-structure interfaces are often unsaturated. Shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces is strongly dependent on their matric suctions, as revealed by the results of extensive laboratory tests. So far, constitutive models for unsaturated interfaces are very limited in the literature. This paper reports a new bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated interfaces. New formulations were developed to incorporate suction effects on the flow rule and plastic modulus. To examine the capability of the proposed model, it was applied to simulate suction- and stress-controlled direct shear tests on unsaturated soil–cement, soil–steel and soil–geotextile interfaces. Measured and computed results are well matched, demonstrating that the proposed model can well capture key features of the shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces, including suction-dependent dilatancy, stress–strain relation and peak and critical state shear strengths.  相似文献   

Analytical approach for circular-jointed shield tunnel lining based on the state space method     

Jinchang Wang  Weiming Huang  Riqing Xu  Zhongxuan Yang  Rongqiao Xu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(5):575-595

This paper presents a new analytical solution to the circular segmental tunnel lining subjected to overburden and surrounding earth pressures. The governing equations are derived by adopting the curved Euler beam theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Based on the state space method, the displacements and the relevant energy-conjugated internal forces are treated as the fundamental unknown state vector and can be obtained by solving the state function. The inter-segment joints on the lining are modeled by a set of linear springs, including shear, compression, and rotation. The presented method allows for the arbitrary distribution of the segmented joints and loads along the circumferential direction. The most striking advantages of the proposed method include the rigid body displacement treatment, lining-displacement-dependent soil reaction, and internal force direction dependency of the joint stiffness. Using this method, the displacements and internal forces of the entire lining can be obtained conveniently and simultaneously under the arbitrary loading and joint distribution conditions. The verification of the analytical solutions is provided by several examples.  相似文献   

Three dimensional steady-state locus for dry monodisperse granular materials: DEM numerical results and theoretical modelling     

Irene Redaelli  Claudio di Prisco 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(16):2525-2550

In this paper, steady-state conditions for ideal monodisperse dry granular materials are both theoretically and numerically analysed. A series of discrete element (DEM) numerical simulations have been performed on a periodic cell by imposing stress paths characterized by different Lode angles, pressures, and deviatoric strain rates. The dependence of the material response on both inertial number and loading path has been discussed in terms of void ratio, fabric, and granular temperature. DEM numerical results have been finally compared with the prediction of an already conceived model based on both kinetic and critical state theories, here suitably modified to account for three-dimensional conditions.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of internal erosion behaviours in inclined seepage flow     

Yue Liang  Tian-Chyi J. Yeh  Chen Ma  Qiang Zhang  Dehong Yang  Yonghong Hao 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5315-5326

Internal erosion is one of the most common causes of failure in hydraulic engineering structures, such as embankments and levees. It also plays a vital role in the geohazards (such as landslides and sinkhole developments) and more importantly, the earth landscape evolution, which has a broad environmental and ecosystem impacts. The groundwater seepage is multi-directional, and its multi-dimensional nature could affect the initiation and the progression of internal erosion. With a newly developed apparatus, we carry out nine internal erosion experiments under five different seepage directions. The results reveal that the critical hydraulic gradient increases as the seepage direction varies from the horizontal to the vertical. After a global erosion is triggered, preferential erosion paths distribute randomly from the bottom to the top of the specimen. If the seepage direction is not vertical, small preferential erosion paths merge into a large erosion corridor, in which the loss of fine particles is significant but negligible outside. Results of experiments manifest that the erosion is heterogeneous and three-dimensional, even in the unidirectional seepage flow. The particles are rapidly eroded at the early stage of the erosion, indicating a high erosion rate. With the erosion time increasing, the particle loss slows down and even ceases if the time is long enough. The erosion rate increases if the seepage direction approaches a vertical direction. Overall, the erosion rate approximately decreases with erosion time exponentially. We proposed exponential equations to illustrate the variation of the erosion rate in the erosion process.  相似文献   

A micro‐mechanical study of peak strength and critical state          下载免费PDF全文

Alex X. Jerves  Jos E. Andrade 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1184-1202

We present a micro‐mechanical analysis of macroscopic peak strength, critical state, and residual strength in two‐dimensional non‐cohesive granular media. Typical continuum constitutive quantities such as frictional strength and dilation angle are explicitly related to their corresponding grain‐scale counterparts (e.g., inter‐particle contact forces, fabric, particle displacements, and velocities), providing an across‐the‐scale basis for a better understanding and modeling of granular materials. These multi‐scale relations are derived in three steps. First, explicit relations between macroscopic stress and strain rate with the corresponding grain‐scale mechanics are established. Second, these relations are used in conjunction with the non‐associative Mohr–Coulomb criterion to explicitly connect internal friction and dilation angles to the micro‐mechanics. Third, the mentioned explicit connections are applied to investigate, understand, and derive micro‐mechanical conditions for peak strength, critical state, and residual strength. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comparison of the effects of pollution on the marine bivalve Donax trunculus in the vicinity of polluted sites with specimens from a clean reference site (Mediterranean Sea)     

Aminadav Yawetz  Vladimir Bresler  Rami Manelis 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):225-229

The physiological and biochemical characteristics of tissue samples of the marine mussel, Donax trunculus, from an oil-polluted site (Qiryat Yam) and from a site adjacent to an industrial factory (Frutarom) producing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were compared with samples from a clean reference site (Akko). All sites were located along the sandy shores of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea. The mussels from the oil-polluted site showed increased activity of the system of active transport of organic anions (SATOA) in the gills and the renocardial organ and also of the multixenobiotic resistance transporter (MXR) in the gills. In contrast, samples collected near the PVC factory showed a decrease in SATOA activity and no increase in the activity of MXR in the gills. Specimens from the reference site demonstrated a redox state of equilibrium between energy production and utilization, while in Donax from both the oil polluted and the PVC-polluted sites, the mitochondrial redox state reflected intensive consumption of energy. No significant changes were found in the activity of reduced glutathione s-transferase (GST) in the cytosolic fraction of the digestive gland of Donax collected from any of the three sites. The data demonstrate a differential increase in the anti-chemical defense systems and an intensification of energy metabolism in the mussels exposed to pollution.  相似文献   

非极限主动土压力计算方法初探   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

卢坤林  杨扬 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):615-619

针对未达到极限位移的刚性挡土墙,提出了一种简单可行的主动土压力计算方法。根据反映墙后主动区土体应力-应变性状的卸荷应力路径试验确定的应力-应变关系,建立非极限状态摩擦角与墙体位移的关系。对于未达到极限位移的挡土墙,结合已取得的位移与摩擦角之间的关系,采用与滑裂面相平行的微条对墙后滑动楔体进行划分,对微条进行受力分析,建立平衡方程,推导了滑裂面的倾角,从而得到非极限主动土压力计算公式。随后与一例模型试验数据作了对比分析,计算值与实测值基本吻合,仅在墙下部1/3墙高范围内存在一定的差距。研究表明,所提出的计算方法能够用于计算处于非极限状态下挡土墙的土压力,具有一定的理论意义和工程参考价值。  相似文献   

考虑渐近状态特性的超固结土本构模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗汀  侯伟  姚仰平 《岩土力学》2010,31(3):683-688

基于超固结土的UH模型,结合渐近状态概念,将适用于饱和砂土的渐近状态本构模型推广为考虑渐近状态特性的超固结土本构模型,用于描述土的超固结性和渐近状态特性。通过采用变换应力方法实现了模型的三维化。新提出的本构模型简单、参数较少,与剑桥模型相比,仅增加了一个材料参数,即伏斯列夫面斜率。该模型能够合理反映超固结土的硬化、软化、临界状态、剪缩、剪胀、应力路径依赖性、渐近状态等特性。  相似文献