Evaluation of a Model for Predicting Simultaneous Contrast on Color Maps     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):280-294

Perceptions of colors of individual map symbols are affected by simultaneous contrast, or induction, from surrounding colors. In an experiment with human subjects, reaction times were significantly slower, with significantly more errors, for test maps on which an induction model predicted that colors would be misinterpreted. Reaction times and error rates improved significantly with map color adjustments that the model predicted would remove induced confusions. These results represent progress toward establishing objective guidance for the design of effective color schemes in computer-assisted mapping environments common in cartography, geographic information systems, and scientific visualization.  相似文献   

Electromagnetic induction prediction of soil salinity and groundwater properties in a Tunisian Saharan oasis     

F. Bouksila  M. Persson  A. Bahri  R. Berndtsson 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1473-1486

Abstract

Electromagnetic induction measurements (EM) were taken in a saline gypsiferous soil of the Saharan-climate Fatnassa oasis (Tunisia) to predict the electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract (ECe) and shallow groundwater properties (depth, Dgw, and electrical conductivity, ECgw) using various models. The soil profile was sampled at 0.2 m depth intervals to 1.2 m for physical and chemical analysis. The best input to predict the log-transformed soil salinity (lnECe) in surface (0–0.2 m) soil was the EMh/EMv ratio. For the 0–0.6 m soil depth interval, the performance of multiple linear regression (MLR) models to predict lnECe was weaker using data collected over various seasons and years (R _a ² = 0.66 and MSE = 0.083 dS m^-1) as compared to those collected during the same period (R _a ² = 0.97, MSE = 0.007 dS m^-1). For similar seasonal conditions, for the Dgw–EMv relationship, R ² was 0.88 and the MSE was 0.02 m for Dgw prediction. For a validation subset, the R ² was 0.85 and the MSE was 0.03 m. Soil salinity was predicted more accurately when groundwater properties were used instead of soil moisture with EM variables as input in the MLR.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor K. Heal

Citation Bouksila, F., Persson, M., Bahri, A., and Berndtsson, R., 2012. Electromagnetic induction predictions of soil salinity and groundwater properties in a Tunisian Saharan oasis. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (7), 1473–1486.  相似文献   

层状各向异性地层中三维感应测井响应快速计算及资料处理   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

肖加奇  张国艳  洪德成  杨善德 《地球物理学报》2013,56(2):696-706

本文采用广义反射系数法推导了水平层状各向异性地层中电磁场的积分解析解,并利用快速汉克尔变换技术实现了三维感应仪器测井响应的快速计算.三维感应测井响应与地层水平电导率、垂直电导率和井斜角及仪器方位角同时有关,单一分量的测井曲线不能满足资料解释的需要.通过对仪器测量分量响应特征的考察,本文提出了一种基于组合量测井曲线的资料直观解释方法.数值模拟显示,交叉分量相关组合量可准确划分地层纵向边界,并可直观识别各向异性层;与单独分量相比,主分量相关组合量提高了纵向分辨率、减弱了与地层电导率参数的非线性关系.  相似文献   

Induction of tributyltin-binding protein type 2 in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by exposure to tributyltin-d27     

Nassef M  Tawaratsumita T  Oba Y  Satone H  Nakayama K  Shimasaki Y  Honjo T  Oshima Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):412-414

In this study, individual Japanese flounder were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg tributyltin-d27 (TBT-d27) fish⁻¹. Blood samples were collected on day 7 after injection. TBT-binding protein types 1 and 2 (TBT-bp1, -bp2) in the blood serum were quantified by western blotting analysis. As a result, the concentration of TBT-bp2 in TBT-d27 treated group increased to 220% of that in the solvent control, whereas the TBT-bp1 concentration decreased to 65% of that in the solvent control. Additionally, a positive relationship between the concentrations of TBT-bp2 and TBT was observed in blood sera of wild and cultured flounder. We suggest that TBT-bp2 is produced in response to TBT exposure and may play an important role in fish physiology.  相似文献   

Low induction number, ground conductivity meters: A correction procedure in the absence of magnetic effects     

David Beamish 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):244-253

Ground conductivity meters, comprising a variety of coil–coil configurations, are intended to operate within the limits provided by a low induction number (LIN), electromagnetic condition. They are now routinely used across a wide range of application areas and the measured apparent conductivity data may be spatially assembled and examined/correlated alongside information obtained from many other earth science, environmental, soil and land use assessments. The theoretical behaviour of the common systems is examined in relation to both the prevailing level of subsurface conductivity and the instrument elevation. It is demonstrated that, given the inherent high level of accuracy of modern instruments, the prevailing LIN condition may require operation in environments restricted to very low (< 12 mS/m) conductivities. Beyond this limit, non-linear departures from the apparent conductivity that would be associated with a LIN condition occur and are a function of the coil configuration, the instrument height and the prevailing conductivity. Using both theory and experimental data, it is demonstrated that this has the potential to provide biased and spatially distorted measurements. A simple correction procedure that can be applied to the measured data obtained from any of the LIN instruments is developed. The correction procedure would, in the limit of a uniform subsurface, return the same (correct) conductivity, irrespective of the ground conductivity meter used, the prevailing conductivity or the measurement height.  相似文献   

基于GIS的雷电数据可视化地图组件设计与实现     

路明月  张其林  甘文强  李性太  丁旻 《气象科技》2011,39(6):823-827

雷电发生发展于地理空间,具有明显的时空特性,因此在地理信息平台的支持下进行各种雷电数据空间及其属性特征分析具有重要的意义。在ArcEngine的基础上,设计研发了雷电数据可视化地图组件（Thunder Map）,按照数据定义层、数据功能层以及地图UI层的3层逻辑结构,实现了各种雷电相关数据基于地理信息平台的可视化表达,并提供了相关数据管理与功能分析的操作接口,为基于地理空间信息的雷电数据处理提供可视化的功能组件支持。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the southern Gawler Craton,South Australia,from electromagnetic sounding     

S. Thiel  G. Heinson  A. White 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):887-896

Long-period natural-source electromagnetic data have been recorded using portable three-component magnetometers at 39 sites in 1998 and 2002 across the southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia that forms part of the Gawler Craton. Site spacing was of order 5 km, but reduced to 1 km or less near known geological boundaries, with a total survey length of approximately 50 km. A profile trending east – west was inverted for a 2D electrical resistivity model to a depth of 20 km across the southern Eyre Peninsula. The main features from the models are: (i) on the eastern side of the Gawler Craton, the Donington Suite granitoids to the east of the Kalinjala Shear Zone are resistive (>1000 Ωm); (ii) the boundary between the Donington Suite granitoids and the Archaean Sleaford Complex, which has much lower resistivity of 10 – 100 Ωm, is almost vertical in the top 10 km and dips slightly westwards; and (iii) two very low resistivity (<1 Ωm) arcuate zones in the top 3 km of Hutchison Group sediments correlate with banded iron-formations, and are probably related to biogenic-origin graphite deposits concentrated in fold hinges. Such features suggest an extensional regime during the time period 2.00 – 1.85 Ga. We suggest that the resistivity boundary between the Donington Suite and the Archaean Sleaford Complex represents a growth fault, typical for rift systems that evolve into a half-graben structure. In the graben basin, low-resistivity shallow-marine Hutchison Group sediments were deposited. Folding of the sediments during the Kimban Orogeny between 1.74 and 1.70 Ga has led to migration of graphite to the fold hinges resulting in linear zones of very low resistivity that correlate with banded iron-formation magnetic anomalies.  相似文献   

The inclusion of anisotropy in Maxwell's equations     

D.C. Nobes 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,85(3):655-662

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顶板诱导崩落模式选择时变数值分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡建华  苏家红  周科平  张世超  古德生 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):931-936

顶板诱导崩落是一种新的空区处理技术,其实施效果与诱导崩落施工路径、方法和顺序有关,同时矿岩体作为一种弹塑性体,具有非线性时变力学特征。运用时变力学的基本理论,建立了顶板诱导崩落的时变力学有限元基本方程。针对大厂铜坑矿92号矿体试验采场的地质特征,构建了顶板诱导崩落的时变力学有限元模型,采用多步骤开挖模拟两种不同顶板诱导崩落模式,研究两种不同工序的顶板塑性区发展、东西预裂与崩顶硐室的位移及其安全系数,分析了其对采场的综合效应。结果表明,先预裂后崩顶的顶板诱导崩落模式有利于顶板崩落诱导,并综合考虑诱导崩落效果与作业安全,建议采用先预裂爆破后强制崩顶的微差爆破一次成型工艺。  相似文献   

低电阻率油气层的测井系列研究   总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

申本科  王贺林  宋相辉  姚合法  陈景萍  靳秀菊 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(4):1437-1445

根据低电阻率油气层的成因,将低电阻率油气层分为四种主要不同的类型,这四种类型的低电阻率油气层除了需要进行常规测井系列外,不同成因的低电阻率油气层应采用不同的新技术测井项目,对于高不动水含量型低阻油气层,将核磁共振测井作为解决这种类型的针对对性测井项目,而MDT测井作为选择性项目;对于粘土附加导电型低阻油气层,将极化率测井作为解决该类低阻问题的针对性测井项目,核磁共振、双频介电、MDT测井作为选择性测井项目;对于砂泥岩间互型低阻油气层,高分辨率感应测井或者阵列侧向测井是解决此类低阻油气层的关键技术;对于盐水泥浆侵入型低阻油气层,可以有针对性的进行过套管电阻率测井,同时在储层物性条件较好时还可以选测C／O或PND测井替代过套管电阻率测井项目,或者根据地面及地下地质情况,选取随钻测井系列.  相似文献