空间分析技术在研究传染病时空传播规律中的应用     

张旭  霍爱梅  姚晓丽  方立群  曹务春 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):79-81

以手足口病为例,介绍了地理信息的空间统计技术在传染病时空传播规律研究中的应用,包括传染病空间分布模式研究、传染病聚集性分析、传染病扩散传播模式分析、传染病发病率空间自相关分析及传染病发病率空间回归模型预测方面的研究,为传染病防治决策提供科学依据,具有一定的实用性。  相似文献   

作物病虫害高光谱遥感进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张凝  杨贵军  赵春江  张竞成  杨小冬  潘瑜春  黄文江  徐波  李明  朱西存  李振海 《遥感学报》2021,25(1):403-422

作物病虫害作为影响农作物品质、产量及威胁粮食安全的主要因素,仅依靠人工田间调查对其进行监测已不能满足当下农业生产精准高效的需求。高光谱遥感作为能够获取地表物体连续波谱信息的遥感技术,已经成为当下作物病虫害监测识别的重要手段。本文对作物病虫害高光谱遥感监测识别的研究进展进行综述,通过对该领域发表文献的统计以及对主要机构、团队、数据源的分析,明确了病虫害高光谱遥感监测的研究热点和趋势;在此基础上,分析高光谱技术及其作物病虫害的监测识别机理,从病虫害胁迫探测、分类识别、危害严重度定量分析及早期检测四个方面综述相关技术及研究现状;通过探讨当下高光谱遥感病虫害监测识别面临的挑战,提出作物病虫害标准图谱库的建立、星载高光谱传感器的完善以及星空地一体化监测平台的搭建是当前作物病虫害高光谱遥感监测识别技 术落到实处的关键,也是未来发展的重点方向。  相似文献   

Ethical challenges to medical assistance at sea     

《Marine Policy》2017

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Impact of global change on transmission of human infectious diseases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WU XiaoXu  TIAN HuaiYu  ZHOU Sen  CHEN LiFan  XU Bing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):189-203

Global change,which refers to large-scale changes in the earth system and human society,has been changing the outbreak and transmission mode of many infectious diseases.Climate change affects infectious diseases directly and indirectly.Meteorological factors including temperature,precipitation,humidity and radiation influence infectious disease by modulating pathogen,host and transmission pathways.Meteorological disasters such as droughts and floods directly impact the outbreak and transmission of infectious diseases.Climate change indirectly impacts infectious diseases by altering the ecological system,including its underlying surface and vegetation distribution.In addition,anthropogenic activities are a driving force for climate change and an indirect forcing of infectious disease transmission.International travel and rural-urban migration are a root cause of infectious disease transmission.Rapid urbanization along with poor infrastructure and high disease risk in the rural-urban fringe has been changing the pattern of disease outbreaks and mortality.Land use changes,such as agricultural expansion and deforestation,have already changed the transmission of infectious disease.Accelerated air,road and rail transportation development may not only increase the transmission speed of outbreaks,but also enlarge the scope of transmission area.In addition,more frequent trade and other economic activities will also increase the potential risks of disease outbreaks and facilitate the spread of infectious diseases.  相似文献   

Bacterial Proliferation in Municipal Water Supplied in Mirpur Locality of Dhaka City,Bangladesh          下载免费PDF全文

Mrityunjoy Acharjee  Farjana Rahman  Fahmida Jahan  Rashed Noor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(4):434-441

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贵州主要城市地表松散沉积物中微量元素与土壤环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何邵麟 陈敏刘应忠  任明强汪玉琼袁义生  杨清群 《贵州地质》2005,22(3):147-155

通过贵阳等九个城市地表土壤和水系沉积物中的微量元素地球化学分析表明,城市环境不同程度地遭受有微量元素污染.在自然作用和人为作用过程中,微量元素造成城市的大气污染、水土污染、元素异常、环境灾变等环境问题,笔者认为,贵州城市地表土壤和沉积物中的生命有害元素污染,可能对长江和珠江流域造成不良影响,应尽快开展多目标生态环境地球化学调查,科学准确的划分地表环境的安全、隐患及污染区,并对已遭受微量元素污染的地区制定出有效的修复方案和治理措施.  相似文献   

脑血管病变多层螺旋CT血管造影三维成像技术的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

霍健伟  靳文毅  尹晓明  吴戈  邓刚  王军  常鑫 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(3):58-60

目的:评估多层螺旋CT血管造影在脑血管疾病诊治中的价值.方法:对20例脑血管病患者进行CT血管造影检查,应用后处理工作站进行脑血管三维重建,显示病变解剖关系.结果:全部20例病变其中动脉瘤10例,动静脉畸形8例,脑血管狭窄2例均经手术及DSA证实.其中一例动脉瘤手术证实,DSA未检出.结论:CT血管造影三维重建可全方位显示脑血管,具有微创、安全、可靠、费用低廉等特点,适合于手术计划制定、术前定位及随访.  相似文献   

MSCT一站式重组在腰椎病诊断中的应用价值     

张海波  胡熙耀  付传明  徐霖  王开华 《CT理论与应用研究》2012,21(1):81-88

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)一站式重组在腰椎病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:采用GE公司16排螺旋CT(Light speed 16)对50例临床拟诊为腰椎病患者,分别行常规腰椎间盘扫描和CT容积扫描;在AW4.2工作站上将CT容积扫描图像进行模拟常规腰椎间盘扫描重组及一站式重组(包括VR、MPR)。对常规腰椎间盘扫描、模拟常规腰椎间盘扫描重组及一站式重组在腰椎生理曲度、腰椎椎体骨质增生、椎间关节异常、骨性椎管狭窄、横突及横突孔异常、椎间隙变窄、侧隐窝狭窄、椎体许莫氏结节或破坏、椎间盘异常、椎旁软组织异常、神经根受压、腰椎滑脱程度或类型、前后纵韧带及黄韧带钙化等相关征象的显示情况进行对比。结果:前后纵韧带及黄韧带钙化、神经根受压、椎间盘异常、侧隐窝狭窄、椎旁软组织异常、横突及横突孔异常在常规腰椎间盘扫描,模拟常规腰椎间盘扫描重组,一站式重组上三者具有较好的一致性,无统计学差异(P>0.05);腰椎生理曲度、椎间关节异常、腰椎椎体骨质增生、椎体许莫氏结节或破坏、腰椎滑脱程度或类型、腰椎间隙变窄、骨性椎管狭窄在常规腰椎间盘扫描和模拟常规腰椎间盘扫描重组上亦具有较好的一致性,但和一站式重组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:MSCT容积扫描一站式重组能够准确地显示更多的腰椎疾病相关的影像征象,为临床诊断提供了更有价值的影像信息,并且降低了患者的检查费用及放射辐射损伤。  相似文献   

Differential modulation of eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) disease parasites by the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation     

Thomas M. Soniat  Eileen E. Hofmann  John M. Klinck  Eric N. Powell 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):99-114

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is affected by two protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus which causes Dermo disease and Haplosporidium nelsoni which causes MSX (Multinucleated Sphere Unknown) disease. Both diseases are largely controlled by water temperature and salinity and thus are potentially sensitive to climate variations resulting from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which influences climate along the Gulf of Mexico coast, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which influences climate along the Atlantic coast of the United States. In this study, a 10-year time series of temperature and salinity and P. marinus infection intensity for a site in Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico coast and a 52-year time series of air temperature and freshwater inflow and oyster mortality from Delaware Bay on the Atlantic coast of the United States were analyzed to determine patterns in disease and disease-induced mortality in C. virginica populations that resulted from ENSO and NAO climate variations. Wavelet analysis was used to decompose the environmental, disease infection intensity and oyster mortality time series into a time–frequency space to determine the dominant modes of variability and the time variability of the modes. For the Louisiana site, salinity and Dermo disease infection intensity are correlated at a periodicity of 4 years, which corresponds to ENSO. The influence of ENSO on Dermo disease along the Gulf of Mexico is through its effect on salinity, with high salinity, which occurs during the La Niña phase of ENSO at this location, favoring parasite proliferation. For the Delaware Bay site, the primary correlation was between temperature and oyster mortality, with a periodicity of 8 years, which corresponds to the NAO. Warmer temperatures, which occur during the positive phase of the NAO, favor the parasites causing increased oyster mortality. Thus, disease prevalence and intensity in C. virginica populations along the Gulf of Mexico coast is primarily regulated by salinity, whereas temperature regulates the disease process along the United States east coast. These results show that the response of an organism to climate variability in a region is not indicative of the response that will occur over the entire range of a particular species. This has important implications for management of marine resources, especially those that are commercially harvested.  相似文献   

A Geography of Children's Vulnerability: Gender,Household Resources,and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):120-133

Abstract

Water-related diseases continue to pose major threats to children's survival and well-being in many places in the developing world. This article develops a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children's vulnerability to water-related disease hazard is produced within the everyday circumstances of livelihood and child care. Central to this analysis is the role that household resources play in mediating or shaping particular microenvironments of health risk. Further, the effects of local geographies of gender on how household resources are accessed and on how child care is structured are examined. Children's vulnerability is evaluated in a community in the District of Gilgit in northern Pakistan, a region presently undergoing tremendous social and economic transformation. The case study highlights household-level response and adaptation to child health risks associated with diarrheal disease transmission and infection in this mountain environment. The case study draws from ethnographic fieldwork involving qualitative household microstudies and interviewing to elicit mothers' resource and risk-response strategies in the context of changes in livelihood systems and household dynamics.

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